manslaughter by gross negligence the verdict ends a saga which shamed the british establishment. this is news coming to you from berlin up next is the documentary columbia a long road to peace member you can get all the latest news and information around the clock on our website dot com. welcome to the but is the game here for d.w.i. to fail trying to talk about its. coverage. 3 more. subtly help her let's have a look at some of the other legal so you want to. get to w i. summer

20 in bogota the capital of colombia for 2 years the country has officially been at peace there are fewer casualties the slogans of war it faded and the word peace is everywhere. nevertheless the mood is far from euphoric. it remains unclear whether the former warring factions will have the will to follow the peace plan they laid out it was a seemingly endless war and it left people devastated. it's been over half a century since a marxist guerrilla group the revolutionary armed forces of colombia or fark took up arms in a bitter war against the colombian state. but the full force of the conflict took its toll not only on government troops and the guerrilla fighters but above all on the innocent rural population the war cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of

people and left the country with more internally displaced persons than any other it was a bloody and tragic chapter in colombia's history. i've been to colombia many times before 2 years ago i witnessed the guns go silent finally the war was almost over but even then i sensed that the path to peace would be a long journey with an unknown outcome. 2016 was a year that would go down in history in september i visited a guerrilla controlled area in the province of met up a 6 hour drive from the next paved road this was where the tense and final national conference of the far as an armed rebel group took place.

the fark and the colombian government had already agreed on a peace accord one month earlier. since then there had been a cease fire. approximately 1000 guerrillas assembled to give their high command approval for the peace treaty. come on us. we. got it going to be on. last night in the. place east timor did on monday out of the yeah you'd be only thing based either but indeed up what it will they think. they got be done unless you imagine that people. see no. sin in that when i meet i think. of. the quit if i'm not good at it you know. that davis had not beaten martin acquittal for not voting but he didn't really got people to me.

that i thought i'd be. saying when they stayed on. during the conference i met a young gorilla who called himself luis he had joined the farm 15 years ago and was one of the few who could read and write the organizers literacy classes for his comrades but louise was not just a teacher he also wrote short stories about life and war poems to his beloved. the guerrillas are largely the sons and daughters of farmers. they went to war at a young age and spent their whole lives in the jungle by 2016 a far as fighting force had dropped from 250027000 they could no longer defeat the colombian army support among the population had fallen dramatically the days of war

were numbered but there was a political solution in sight that would change colombia forever. peace agreement benefited not just the park. but the entire population of colombia . for. it contained land reform for political participation for a solution to illegal narcotics crops. compensation and reparations for victims and a transitional justice system and it was a turning point in colombia's history. and from their camp luis and his fellow guerrillas watch as the historic agreement is signed under the gaze of the world media. it september 27th 2016 in colombia they

hoped the only war now will be fought with words were sure was larry lurcher who lives here it was like oh you're totally sober up or might there be a legal. way as to the awkward lucas's people showing. it was cool idea which i made earlier as a minor. then don't know what to be i leave it out of us who know what was. in the negotiations between the government and the fark the parties had agreed to let the people have their say in a referendum on the peace agreement it was largely assumed that there would be a broad consensus in favor this could then pave the way for luis and his comrades to give up their weapons for ever.

'd the tiny village of santa ana in the province of ontario here one day before the referendum. the peaceful countries are community was deeply shocked by the conflict . first the fark arrived to recruit young farmers for their struggle then the army and allied paramilitary forces struck back with brutal force. you can brown throw is now 75 years old during his life as a farmer he's been driven off his land 7 times and each time he lost everything he's one of the war's millions of victims. yeah yeah we've been through so much pain. the guerrillas fought battles here for days on end not just once a number of times. yeah cost them a lot of sympathy among local people who would threaten our saying you do you join as you are you disappear. they should have done that and they won in the north the

one you're not. only took it out but it was the army that committed the worst crimes. guerrilla fighters joining a legal group. but it was the government's legal military force that was supposed to protect the population that attacked us the most is true. it will be your model which. here in santa ana 18 people fled the war. the army picked them up and handed them over to the paramilitaries to kill them. w. social injustice is a norm and some this country you know we ever be compensated. probably not before we die. simply can't be done yet we deserve compensation because we are victims of the greatest war. i say the greatest war because it's the oldest war of all. but

today is the referendum. we hope people will say yes to peace. so that those who supported the war comes continue violating people's rights but. no heed your landlord they take your. people from the surrounding villages are arriving to vote. posters urged people to say yes to the referendum. the counting begins at 4 o'clock in the small village school and the results are forwarded directly to the capital. you know didn't they you. know loose.

bush. was no matter. who. it was this is a c. until you. can get one of. your. you got to remember to put my finger. to thank you it took. about 40 seconds to do it is too simplistic and the simplest thing no we do it is going to tell me. see if i. think thinks you're the course you know. i'm not and i actually want you to get the word to that because it's a round or no now it's an. hour. by a quarter to 6 it's final contrary to all forecasts the opponents of the peace accord won by a slender majority. the next morning i mean here banter on his

modest piece of land he's shocked and saddened by the outcome is still crystal cooley it's a very delicate matter if they've missed a unique opportunity to. be out of the areas most affected by the conflict voted overwhelmingly for us. in the cities where the violence was not as tangible the same people who have always disregarded as on the countryside and out of here just wasn't those who suffered the most from the war who want. to read like in the winners were people who've always harness the state farmers and those who are less fortunate company always taken advantage of assuming he end up really going to the store for them. but if you just the way it is we've all lost. perhaps the students of the city will be able to send a message to the government and tell them who should pick up negotiations now and

how and with whom. they do it let's see if the losers can get up again i'll make a change but. it is indeed the students who are the 1st to respond after the initial shock they want to avert the imminent collapse of the peace accord. over the following days and weeks they managed to mobilize hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country little better look like i was almost 8 yet to see him suddenly take it that i saw this but he said i was i think that it was a would lose it if you get it just look at what looks good by each of you others up the top if you can do what.

i. eventually in nov 26th the parties agree on a renegotiated compromise and sign a new peace treaty. the key points in the $297.00 page document cover transforming farquhar into a political party opening democratic participation for the opposition combat in drug trafficking compensating victims and a special tribunals for gross human rights violations but perhaps most importantly the agreement plans to eliminate the underlying cause of the war by way of comprehensive land reform. thanks the weeks nobel committee has decided. to award the nobel peace prize for 2016 to colombian president one monoid some tools for she says

risk your loot efforts to bring the country's more than 50 year long civil war to an end a war that has cost the lives of at least 220000 colombians and displaced close to 6000000 people. january 27th seen the end of an era is approaching in latin america the continent's oldest guerrilla group sent sound on its final march to hand over its weapons to u.n. inspectors it is a march into an uncertain future with their government comply with the terms of the agreement will it be possible for future political conflicts to be waged without weapons. summer 2018 it's been 18 months since my last visit to colombia this will be the 1st time presidential elections are not held in

a state of war with the far. nobel peace laureate juan manuel santos is no longer allowed to run having already served 2 terms. even duke is the candidate of the right wing conservative democratic center he's considered a protege of former president. who bitterly opposed the peace accord and led the campaign for a no in the referendum during the election campaign deuchar announced he would make significant changes to the peace agreement but the political landscape has changed since the end of the war for the 1st time in the country's history a left wing candidate makes it to the runoff vote for president ally. the stubble petro is seen as a candidate who can challenge the traditional 2 party system of conservatives and lip. with his progressive human colombia movement. see what it was previously served as mayor of bogota and is

a vocal supporter of social justice. fully supported the peace accord the fark and backseats implementation. 'd 5 hours south of bogota is the town of where 320 former fark fighters live in an integration zone to prepare for their reintroduction to civilian life here i meet back up with the guerrilla fighter and. he's discarded. and has gone back to calling himself. you know as a little daughter with his great love from his fark days his take on political developments is sobering. and that's. just it was basically.

the implementation of the peace accord is going awfully slowly. and. the land reform for example is proving extremely difficult. there's been no progress. the farmers with little or no land have not been given more land to plant crops on. as had been promised in the agreement this is. this plus more than 60 of our fighters who surrendered their weapons were subsequently killed. this means that the agreement is in danger of failing. the. cuts in the. no look at the whiskey looks good but the one of the aims of the peace agreement as

for us to take a more active role in politics. we are now a legal political movement. with the aim of taking over power of course. but this time within the scope of democratic structures already in place. petro is the candidate who represents the leftist movement. so we're going to support him because he stands for an alternative but at the you now said publicly that in addition to respecting that peace agreement he would also implemented. that. bloody mary will soon be retraining as a body guard to protect the leadership of the fark party from assassination attempts but many of his comrades disappointed by the lack of reintegration programs have once again taken up arms and returned to the underground.

the day before the new size of runoff election for the presidency i'm back in santa ana where i witnessed the referendum on almost 2 years ago. i find here about doing his little house and i'm curious to find out what he makes of the developments over the past 2 years. it's. all hope we're going to. win the peace deal was signed i was relieved. i was convinced that the government would choose the peace. he started seems they knew the keeping the promises to the fark nor to the people of colombia. if they were genuinely interested in peace they would have not let multinational corporations into the country. they were promoting rural development and growth projects. national little fight. me.

the question now is whether the same regime that has always given against the perp people can continue to rule. what choice do we have to make petro president no war no violence with the poor can use their votes to reshape the country. place. it's the day after elections in bogota. the conservative candidate to run to kerry's made president with 54 percent of the votes and yet the 42 percent for the left wing challenger petro is

a clear sign of political change. but what does ducasse stand for he hails from the business elite and represents the interests of the big landowners is he able or even willing to serve the greater social good and push through the reforms laid down in the peace treaty. who owns the peace process in colombia. global yeah it looks good. but a new government will be set up by the far right. they're an elite who are convinced that they have a soul claim to power and that this power allows them to skim off any profits and i mean economic gain for themselves. 1000000 farmers with no land 7000000 displaced farmers who have come to the cities. and now live in abject poverty.

it's a larger it's. it's $500.00 hectares or more to belong to one percent of all land owners. feed on this one percent owns 85 percent of the land in colombia use this is the greatest inequality in all of latin america. and this is the root of all the unfairness that you see today in everyday life will be that. 30 percent of the population is just barely literate see there is one health system for the rich and one for the poor and the elites are not addressing any of these problems this is. one of colombia's most respected agricultural experts and was a leading advisor to the government on the peace negotiations. when you ask whether it was appropriate in the peace negotiations to agree on land reform it must be said that it was not only right but urgently necessary to see the

foundations had to be laid for a genuine economic and social modernization of the country. this is a country with a truly feudal system. it's about what looking at and it doesn't even use most of the learned. give it to the farmers to cultivate. compass he looks put up a seat at. the far north of columbia's home to the sierra nevada mountain range and to around $50000.00. are people who have lost many of their ancestral lands over the course of time. during the war paramilitaries occupied the region terrorized the villages and forced the auto accolon to relocate. the peace treaty gave the auto aka the hope of regaining their stolen property as part of the land reform.

one of the warring parties did not permit the indigenous peoples to participate in the negotiations. despite the fact that we are 102 peoples who live on 30 percent of the land. the armed conflict mainly took place on our land. when we were still denied access to the peace talks with. some of the 30 laws on the primary concerns of an indigenous peoples we would be the most important is the one on comprehensive land reform. in the knesset of this interview sion of the 3000000 hectares of land that is with the government agreed to make available to those who do not own land the not

a but i. and of course we would benefit from that. if you see i did some but the government has included a legal loophole in the land reform legislation that also allows large landowners to access the land. to get a much this is if one. gets in through he goes part b. was kept for democratic center and the other parties who backed the new president and foist their opposition to the agricultural reform. and you couldn't get as close as can withstand this time b.n. they think all you have to do is give big companies more tuck's incentives to foster rural development with the agricultural sector but are going to decide are you comfortable yet i'm going to stand. did you hear peoples are now in danger of becoming victims again we are forced to accept a vision of development that we do not agree with. because that would mean

a return to war not a war waged by armed parties but a war nonetheless over our land and this war is only just beginning. if you're lucky solicited by a war waged by the extreme right and the big landowners for 50 years unable them to rob the farmers of 7000000 hectares of land. they see this as the spoils of war. as the victors they refused to hand them back yes that what they were ultimately interested in was to disarm or to mobilize the guerrillas as they called it and sell the land to multinational corporations and big businesses. done by the sierra nevada mountain range those big landowners have estates stretching to the horizon. most of the land is not cultivated it serves primarily as a financial investment the peace agreement was supposed to ensure

a fairer distribution of land but after 2 years of sluggish implementation the industrialization of agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources seemed to enjoy an absolute priority the devastating consequences of this development are all too visible here at the largest coal mine in south america. the giant mountain a consortium of multinational companies from switzerland to britain and australia exports $32000000.00 tonnes of coal from here every year with over 90 percent destined for europe more than 2000 mining and energy companies have operations in colombia and are largely given a free hand by the government with dramatic consequences for both local people and nature this is the small community of the why you people are located in close proximity to the mine of the 150000 and why you were used to live here in la

guardia a province more than a 3rd were forcibly displaced during the armed conflict. i'm here to meet environmental activist mario cristina and her mother. when they see it in the in front in 1907 to 2003 the paramilitaries wreaked havoc here i mean. they became henchmen of the set of one mining company and killed a lot of people. we don't know in 2003 they murdered my father but only this. moves. are made through the 600 meters away from the mine i mean it's done a lot of damage here environmental destruction and psychological damage it's just joyed the social fabric of our village. and in the.

last place you folks of course the toxic residues of fine dust settle on our roofs in our skin. but my main cause diseases especially among children. where. the explosions make a terrible noise that can cause permanent hearing damage it's already see there was a lot of people are dying and the fine dust enters the river by water source or it's contaminated but we have to drink it anyway because there is no alternative in mass. but we went on a protest strike for days in the blazing sun. we slept outside but for what it was a waste of time nothing has changed. the day before our meeting 8 masked and armed men turned up in front of maria christina's home at dawn

they told her to stop her political activities and threatened to return and that could mean her death. i mean no but i love the ladies e.q. him when really activists resist in protest we run the risk of being assassinated. it makes me wonder what happened to the state's guarantee to protect us. but after that behavior. in the early days of the peace accord are overshadowed by a dark course of events people demanding social justice and compliance with the peace treaty are not only facing threats more than $350.00 activists have been killed since the signing of the peace accord none of these murders have yet been solved. as i leave the village i'm confronted with army tanks and soldiers that were nowhere to be seen the day before

. why are they here. to protect the population to intimidate them to keep an eye on them. back in bogota i try to meet with the high command of the armed forces the colombian military which also controls the police is now one of the largest armies in latin america. it numbers half a 1000000 soldiers and accounts for almost 30 percent of the national budget at the turn of the millennium it was receiving some $10000000000.00 in military aid from the us to combat guerrillas and drug trafficking. problem we are is not only a strategic partner of the united states and also became an official nato partner in june 28th again. how does the army see this disturbing rise in the number of murdered human rights activists. premeditated that. it lasted

much yes it's true. that is the case that in the post-war period the death rate the most socially engaged individuals and human rights activists rose in some regions. and that is tragic that's what 70. up is that the king noise missed the armed forces have acknowledged that this is not acceptable and they've drawn up a spectacular plan called horus $2.00. expect that going to be no photos. we have to use cutting edge technology to carry out an analysis with a digital recognition system. and of course to the conclusion that there are $600.00 villages under threats in colombia c m. m and i saw us in touch with that she must. study history she just.

decided to encircle these villages and one store the presence of troops in the i'm not coming up with the candles they are turfs with identifying protecting the community leaders in danger i mean ourselves if you kept up with us you know we recommend that the government uses our troops to help the rule population develop here but for decades they were devastated by violence. violence caused by the fark and drug trafficking in that village shia 45 in the past. i wonder if these brave young men and women have been enlightened by their superiors as to who the victims of the war really were and how much of the military was responsible for their suffering. the offices of. one of colombia's most powerful media companies.

its editor in chief is jeanette bhadoria one of the country's best known journalists and war correspondents. about. the. well 2 if. you don't let it go or you would it will it was a bloody war the i don't remember how many battles i witnessed or how many casualties i saw or even how many articles i wrote about all the dead whether they were guerrillas civilians or soldiers. it wouldn't be that us. that suit all the parties committed equally barbaric acts but it's impossible to measure the atrocities of the paramilitaries they are the worst thing that could ever happen to this country that is and they were covered in tolerated by the state

by these military and police heads who sworn to defend the constitution were the ones who kidnapped and murdered and persecuted us it's in the bible for don't get into it with settles this is he united in space good. to us in what must go to by the letters 1 may 25th 2000 so i was kidnapped research trip board and i tortured and raped by a paramilitaries who took their orders from state security forces the police and the army. but that was a turning point in my work as a journalist and in my life as a woman it completely changed my view of the armed conflict in colombia in the. cases that later i found out that people who had once been my sources and who seemed to be honorable figures at the helm of important institutions were the ones

behind my kidnapping. as one of 2000000 women who were victims of sexual abuse during the war. a special jurisdiction for peace has been set up to investigate cases like hers and all other war crimes in order to guarantee truth. and reparations for the victims. here this is an attorney who has represented the victims of state persecution for many years she was involved in the peace negotiations in an advisory capacity and helped organize the special jurisdiction. it is about that it is what is the special tribunal for those responsible for crimes are to tell the truth the see the way why is the truth important. that the respective of the punishments society must be able to find a path to a stable and lasting peace that passes what it is to us that means it has to know the truth about what happened that who committed which crimes and why it's the only

way to make sure this never happens again. see if. anyone is in there can't be any transitional justice for just one group like the guerrillas everyone whether directly or indirectly involved in the conflict must answer for their actions that includes the armed forces civil and military state officials politicians and companies besides. national trust but they see that we are taking part in the special jurisdiction for peace. and fortunately we have men in our own ranks who violated ethical principles mark broke the law and killed defenseless fellow citizens. and west. and i stoutly in defense. is that spits short of us journalists and i'm not the one accusing these people they themselves have confessed to the crimes. it is true that about 2000 members of the military have been reported and charged. as he'll say.

policed. much of the loot that is skills equate that a lot of the military people who have to face the tribunals are soldiers from the lowest ranks just carrying out orders. will they contribute to finding the truth bottles went up will they reveal the names of those responsible within the chain of command it is to throw them out of the place because so much that that is our big question in identifying the chief perpetrators of state terror in colombia what was the security at the literally most eloquent albeit to the side of the net is false and yet we believe there was a high level of responsibility on the part of the state and the armed forces in this book be a see that if you only have to look at the official figures from the national center for historical memory they just some 80 percent of the crimes related to serious human rights violations or crimes against humanity were committed by state or paramilitary units people is the us but

a girl as we're responsible for about 20 percent of these crimes service will say that's good we give the. paramilitaries committed over 1100 massacres. there were over 10000 extrajudicial killings of opposition members and trade union leaders. to date 60000 people have been disappeared and members of the colombian army killed nearly 6000 innocent u s presenting their bodies as guerrilla fighters killed in action. all these crimes are supposed to be dealt with by the tribunal. president took a however is now trying to play significant constraints on the special jurisdiction . and the law was coerced to say that despite years when you've been seeking justice for so many years you begin to believe in anything that at least looks like a small beacon on the horizon. but and i believe that for those of us who work for

justice the special jurisdiction for peace and the truth commission are sound institutions that let us hope for change. or not. yes. there's all this good. cause. but in the next hour you. actually have to cut us out of. fear and i mean how to sequester. are not this sort of make us the chaos absolutely one of the guts to look at us so for years this guy gets to say. what is the that you think if i discount ak i. care.

if that is one of the well when they've taken everything from you and if it's hard to keep your fans it's so hard because they've killed you even though your life. is it when they're all. having faith is so hard when you look back and realize you've lost everything. is going to kick that door i always told the women i work with young even if they've taken everything from you just really what it is the one thing they can never take away is your dignity yes looking to connect with that and . just let it be that. the peace process in colombia is under mounting pressure amidst continuing threats the systematic murder of opposition members and the return of paramilitary groups it seems increasingly endangered and history appears to be repeating itself after former president juan manuel santos from the liberal party initiated peace his conservative successor to find decay has. made a u.

turn there was the word for her where you have forged have at her. at the end of my journey i find myself back at the main square in bogota and cities across the country tens of thousands of come together to light candles and protest against the murder of activists who work to achieve real peace just like 2 years ago up to the last referendum it's once again up to the young generation to demand change. i've come to realize that a peace treaty is only the beginning of a new era a fragile document that must be filled with life the people i met her agree that peace has failed to reach those who have suffered most from poverty and war and that social justice and major changes are needed to put an end to the vicious circle of violence in colombia at last you have the right to have

others who ever lived her life who i was you who hired her you are your. leverage here is living on. a refugee camp on the border between croatia and bosnia these are here. there is no running no power no heating. heavy snows of accepted any. where should they go when winter comes the authorities can come out. 30 minutes.

oh you know in setting where. even where we least expect it. not the party will soon be over. how can we replace the bloc. and much well it's decline mean to the movie economy. made in germany in 90 minutes on d w. a historic you can encourage in politics business and religion. 27. in iran the fate of people of the islamic revolution our. opens up making its initial flirtation with capitalism strikes in states of

emergency sinks into chaos coach john canada circuitries explosion shanta the people threatens the old order. of 1979. that created today's world storks december 23rd bomb w. movie. this is news and these are our top stories the european parliament has voted to declare a climate emergency e.u. lawmakers hope the measure will send a powerful signal ahead of a un climate summit they also want a new european commission to take more drastic action against climate change. pro-democracy activists in hong kong have welcomed u.s. president donald trump's move to sign a law backing their movement.