it's really interesting and special for ya know up me at the transition from the track to the simulator has already brought him closer to a title he's currently 3rd in the east coast drivers' championship. you're watching news up next is the documentary columbia the long road to peace remember you can get all the latest news and information around the clock on our web site www dot com i'm told me a lot of all of that's all from me thanks for watching. the adventures of the famous naturalist and explorer. to sing the praises clicks on the phone while its 250th birthday we remember going on a voyage of discovery. expedition voyage on t.w.

. summer 2018 in bogota the capital of colombia for 2 years the country has officially been at peace. there are fewer casualties the slogans of war have faded and the word peace is everywhere. nevertheless the mood is far from euphoric. it remains unclear whether the former warring factions will have the will to follow the peace plan they laid out it was a seemingly endless war and it left people devastated. it's been over half a century since a marxist guerrilla group the revolutionary armed forces of colombia more far took up arms in a bitter war against the colombian state. but the full force of the conflict took

its toll not only on government troops and the guerrilla fighters but above all on the innocent rural population the war cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and left the country with more internally displaced persons than any other it was a bloody and tragic chapter in colombia's history. i've been to colombia many times before 2 years ago i witnessed the guns go silent finally the war was almost over but even then i sensed that the path to peace would be a long journey with an unknown outcome. 2016 was a year that would go down in history in september i visited a guerrilla controlled area in the province of met up a 6 hour drive from the next paved road this was where the tense and final national

conference of the far as an armed rebel group took place. the fark and the colombian government had already agreed on a peace accord one month earlier. since then there had been a cease fire. approximately 1000 guerrillas assembled to give their high command approval for the peace treaty. some of us. he doesn't. need to. be on. last night in the. place east timor did on monday that it would be only in time based either but indeed up what they think baby on. the be done unless you imagine that people. see no. sin that knows how when i mean how they can but as soon as 18th of. the one up with

a definitive get that i mean. that davis had not beaten by the acquittal for not voting but if he didn't really got people to me. being healthy then i thought it be money sake when they stayed on. during the conference i met a young guerrilla who called himself luis he had joined the farm 15 years ago and was one of the few who could read and write the organized literacy classes for his comrades but louise was not just a teacher he also wrote short stories about life and war poems to his beloved. the guerrillas are largely the sons and daughters of farmers. they went to war at a young age and spent their whole lives in the jungle by 2016 the farms fighting

force had dropped from 250027000 they could no longer defeat the colombian army support among the population had fallen dramatically the days of war were numbered but there was a political solution in sight that would change colombia forever. peace agreement benefited not just the bark. but the entire population of colombia. for. it contains land reform for political participation for a solution to illegal narcotics crops for compensation and reparations for victims . and a transitional justice system. that was a turning point in colombia's history. the move. from their camp luis and his fellow guerrillas watches the historic agreement is signed under

the gaze of the world media. it's september 27th 2016 in colombia they hoped the only war now will be fought with words were. now the literature of our lives yet it was like oh your total so brecker like they made you feel you. were steward lucas was primo showing. it was cool yet to be mentally was a minor. vendetta over to be isolated in that of us who know what was. in the negotiations between the government and the fark the parties had agreed to let the people have their say in a referendum on the peace agreement it was largely assumed that there would be a broad consensus in favor this could then pave the way for

a new we send his comrades to give up their weapons for ever. in the tiny village of santa ana in the province of ontario kiya one day before the referendum. the peaceful countryside community was deeply shocked by the conflict. first the fark arrived to recruit young farmers for their struggle then the army and allied paramilitary forces struck back with brutal force. in ground 0 is now 75 years old during his life as a farmer he's been driven off his land 7 times each time he lost everything he's one of the war's millions of victims. we've been through so much pain. the guerrillas fought battles here for days on end not just once

a number of times. yeah cost them a lot of sympathy among local people who would threaten our saying you do you join as you are you disappear. they should have done that and they won in the north the really want. it. but it was the army that committed the worst crimes. guerrilla fighters joining a legal group. but it was the government's legal military force that was supposed to protect the population that attacked us the most is true. it will calculate your model yet. here in santa ana 18 people fled the war. the army picked them up and hunted them over to the paramilitaries who killed them . the social injustices enormous in this country you know we ever be compensated.

probably not before we die. simply can't be done yet we deserve compensation because we are victims of the greatest war. i say the greatest war because it's the oldest war of all. but today is the referendum. we hope people will say yes to peace. so that those who supported the war comes continue violating people's rights but. no heat. people from the surrounding villages are arriving to vote. posters urged people to say yes to the referendum. the counting begins at 4 o'clock in the small village school and the results are forwarded directly to the capital.

you know didn't they you. know lose. those that bush. would lose no matter. who is this human there's a sea until you. get one have. you. got to remember to put my finger in but see to thank you it took. about 40. seconds. to think that was no good is going to tell me. see. your divorce you know. i'm not going to go into that because you never know now it's. by

a quarter to 6 it's final contrary to all forecasts the opponents of the peace accord won by a slender majority. the next morning i meet him down to on his modest piece of land he's shocked and saddened by the outcome still. cooling it's a very delicate matter if they've missed a unique opportunity to. be out of the areas most affected by the conflict voted overwhelmingly for yes. or no don't go in the cities where the violence was not as tangible the same people who were of always disregarded as on the countryside and out of here just wasn't those who suffered the most from the war who want. to read like in winters where people who've always harness the state farmers and those who are less fortunate company always taken advantage of assuming he and i don't mean the stores but the him. it is us the way it is we've all lost.

perhaps the students of the city will be able to send a message to the government and tell them who should pick up negotiations now and helen with who'd fled think do it let's see if the losers can get up again and make a change i think. it is indeed the students who were the 1st to respond after the initial shock they want to avert the imminent collapse of the peace accord. over the following days and weeks they managed to mobilize hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country. heard a little bit better look they got a little god almost 80 and after she had suddenly take it that solace but he said i was i think that was a would lose it if you get this discourse i would just pull it by easter you are going to shut up that's a. little. odd .

but. i eventually end nov 26th the parties agree on a renegotiated compromise and sign a new peace treaty. the key points in the $297.00 page document cover transforming far into a political party opening democratic participation for the opposition combat in drug trafficking compensating victims and a special tribunals for gross human rights violations but perhaps most importantly the agreement plans to eliminate the underlying cause of the war by way of comprehensive land reform. thanks in the weeds to nobel committee has decided. to

a war just in the bill peace prize for 2016 to colombian president monoid some tools for she says risk your loot a foot's to bring the country's more than 50 year long civil war to an end a war that has cost the lives of at least 220000 colombians and displaced close to 6000000 people. january 27th seen the end of an era is approaching in latin america the continent's oldest guerrilla group sent sound on its final march to hand over its weapons to u.n. inspectors it is a march into an uncertain future will the government comply with the terms of the agreement will it be possible for future political conflicts to be waged without weapons. summer

2018 it's been 18 months since my last visit to colombia this will be the 1st time presidential elections are not held in a state of war with the pharmac nobel peace laureate juan manuel santos is no longer allowed to run having already served 2 terms. even duke is the candidate of the right wing conservative democratic center he's considered a protege of former president. who bitterly opposed the peace accord and led the campaign for a no in the referendum during the election campaign duca announced he would make significant changes to the peace agreement but the political landscape has changed since the end of the war for the 1st time in the country's history a left wing candidate makes it to the runoff vote for president aligned. to shovel petro is seen as a candidate who can challenge the traditional 2 party system of conservatives and

liberal. with his progressive human colombia movement. it seems the previously served as mayor of bogota and is a vocal supporter of social justice. through fully supported the peace accord with the far and backseats implementation. 'd 5 hours south of bogota is the town of where 320 former foreign fighters live in an integration zone to prepare for their reintroduction to civilian life here i meet back up with the guerrilla fighter and use he's discarded his now and has gone back to calling himself bloody mia. you know what is a little daughter with his great love for his fark days his take on political developments is sobering.

in the. least it was a silly that's. the implementation of the peace accord is going awfully slowly. and. the land reform for example is proving extremely difficult. there's been no progress. the farmers with little or no land have not been given more land to plant crops on. as had been promised in the agreement this is. the end this plus more than 60 of our fighters who surrendered their weapons were subsequently killed. this means that the agreement is in danger of failing. the. cuts in the.

one of the aims of the peace agreement has for us to take a more active role in politics. we are now a legal political movement. with the aim of taking over power of course. but this time within the scope of democratic structures already in place that. is the candidate who represents the leftist movement. so we're going to support him because he stands for an alternative. publicly that in addition to respecting the peace agreement he would also implemented. bloody mary will soon be retraining as a bodyguard to protect the leadership of the fark party from assassination attempts

but many of his comrades disappointed by the lack of reintegration programs have once again taken up arms and returned to the underground. the day before the new size of runoff election for the presidency i'm back in santa ana where i witnessed the referendum on almost 2 years ago. i find here about doing his little house and i'm curious to find out what he makes of the developments over the past 2 years. it's one of the he might also help we're going to. win the peace deal was signed i was relieved. i was convinced that the government would choose the peace. he started seems they knew the keeping the promises to the fark nor to the people of colombia. if they were genuinely interested in peace they

would have not let multinational corporations into the country. they were promoting rural development and growth projects. we can only help fight on. the question now is whether the same regime that has always given against her people continue to rule. what choice do we have to make petrol presidency no war no violence with the poor can use their votes to reshape the country. place. it's the day after elections in bogota. the conservative candidate iran to kerry

has made president with 54 percent of the votes and yet the 42 percent for the left wing challenger petro is a clear sign of political change. but what does ducasse stand for he hails from the business elite and represents the interests of the big landowners is he a bowler even willing to serve the greater social good and push through the reforms laid down in the peace treaty. who owns the peace process in colombia. global you look great. but new government will be set up by the far right. they're an elite who are convinced that they have a soul claim to power and that is power allows them to skim off any profits and i mean economic gain for themselves. is the 1000000 farmers with no land 7000000 displaced farmers who come to the cities. and now live in abject poverty.

it's a larger is. dates $500.00 hectares or more belong to one percent of all land owners . this one percent owns 85 percent of the land in colombia use this is the greatest inequality in all of latin america. and this is the root of all the unfairness that you see today in everyday life will be that. 30 percent of the population is just barely literate see there is one health system for the rich and one for the poor and the elites are not addressing any of these problems this is. one of colombia's most respected agricultural experts and was a leading advisor to the government on the peace negotiations. when you

ask whether it was appropriate in the peace negotiations to agree on land reform it must be said that it was not only right but urgently necessary to see the foundations had to be laid for a genuine economic and social modernization of the country as your own economy this is a country with a truly feudal system. it's about weird looking and it doesn't even use most of the learned let alone give it to the farmers to cultivate discomfits he put up a seat at. the far north of colombia's home to the sierra nevada mountain range and to around $50000.00 auto aco are people who have lost many of their ancestral lands over the course of time. during the war paramilitaries occupied the region terrorized the villages and forced the auto aco to relocate. the peace treaty gave the otter

a walk on the hope of regaining their stolen property as part of the land reform. one of the warring parties did not permit the indigenous peoples to participate in the negotiations. despite the fact that we are 102 peoples who live on 30 percent of the land. the armed conflict mainly took place on our land. when we were still denied access to the peace talks with. some of the 30 laws on the primary concerns of indigenous peoples that we would be the most important is the one on comprehensive land reform. distribution of the

$3000000.00 hectares of land that is with the government agreed to make available to those who do not own land not to but i love his would be able and of course we would benefit from that. if you see i do something but the government has included a legal loophole in the land reform legislation but it also allows large landowners to access the land. sent through people as part of us kept more democratic center and the other parties who backed the new president to foist their opposition to the agricultural reform. and you couldn't get at school system with strongest ambien i think all you have to do is give big companies more tuck's incentives to foster rural development with the agricultural sector but are going this are yet to come yeah that rooster.

did you hear people's are now in a danger of becoming victims again we are forced to accept a vision of development that we do not agree with. because that would mean a return to war not a war waged by armed parties but a war nonetheless over our land and this war is only just beginning. if you like you solicited by a war waged by the extreme right and the big landowners for 50 years unable them to rob the farmers of 7000000 hectares of land. they see this as the spoils of war. the victors they refused to hand them back yes that what they were ultimately interested in was to disarm or demobilize the guerrillas as they called it. the multinational corporations and big businesses. down by the sierra nevada mountain range those big landowners have estates

stretching to the horizon. most of the land is not cultivated it serves primarily as a financial investment the peace agreement was supposed to ensure a fairer distribution of land and after 2 years of sluggish implementation the industrialization of agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources seemed to enjoy an absolute priority the devastating consequences of this development are all too visible here at the largest coal mine in south america. on the giant mountain consortia of multinational companies from switzerland to britain and australia exports $32000000.00 tons of coal from here every year with over 90 percent destined for europe more than 2000 mining and energy companies have operations in colombia and are largely given a free hand by the government with dramatic consequences for both local people and

nature. this is the small community of the why you people are located in close proximity to the mine of the 150000 why you are used to live here in la guardia a province more than a 3rd were forcibly displaced during the armed conflict. i'm here to meet environmental activist mario cristina and her mother. when they see it in the way from the 1997 to 2003 the paramilitaries wreaked havoc here i mean. they became henchmen of the set of one mining company and killed a lot of people. in 2003 they murdered my father but i mean this. is. 600 meters away from the mine i mean it's done a lot of damage here environmental destruction and psychological damage it's just

joy the social fabric of our village. and in the. last place you folks of course the toxic residues of fine dust settle on our roofs in our skin. because diseases especially among children. where in their looks and the explosions make a terrible noise that can cause permanent hearing damage is sort of a see there was a lot of people are dying and the fine dust enters the river water source or it's contaminated but we have to drink it anyway because there's no alternative in mass . but we went on a protest strike for days in the blazing sun. that was left outside but

for what it was a waste of time nothing is changed. the day before our meeting 8 masked and armed men turned up in front of maria christina's home at dawn they told her to stop her political activities and threatened to return and that could mean her death. i already i mean no but i love the ladies e.q. him when really activists resist and protest get him out we run the risk of being assassinated. it makes me wonder what happened to the state's guarantee to protect us. but after that the head of. the early days of the peace accord are overshadowed by a dark course of events people demanding social justice and compliance with the peace treaty are not only facing threats more than $350.00 activists have been killed since the signing of the peace accord none of these murders have yet been

solved. as i leave the village i'm confronted with army tanks and soldiers that were nowhere to be seen the day before . why are they here. to protect the population to intimidate them to keep an eye on them. back in bogota i try to meet with the high command of the armed forces the colombian military which also controls the police is now one of the largest armies in latin america. it numbers half a 1000000 soldiers and accounts for almost 30 percent of the national budget at the turn of the millennium it was receiving some $10000000000.00 in military aid from the us to combat guerrillas and drug trafficking. for the media is not only a strategic partner of the united states it also became an official nato partner in

june 28th again. how does the army see this disturbing rise in the number of murdered human rights activists. prevent ok that. is it that feed my sheep yes it's true. that is the case that in the post-war period the death rate to most. socially engaged in the vigils and human rights activists roads in some regions. and that is tragic which had me that is. up is that the good noise and wish that the armed forces have acknowledged that this is not acceptable and have drawn up a spectacular plan called horus 2.0. expect that we are going to be out all those. be all of those photos we use cutting edge technology to carry out an analysis with a digital recognition system. and of come to the conclusion that there are $600.00 villages under threat in colombia c m. m m s

in touch with that she. started sister she just. decided to encircle these villages and to install the presence of troops in the. company up to him those they are turfs with identifying protecting the community leaders in danger i mean ourselves if it catches up with us you know shot those we recommend that the government uses their troops to help the rule population develop here but for decades they were devastated by violence. violence caused by the fark drug trafficking and. shia ports 5 traffic. yet. i wonder if these brave young men and women have been enlightened by their superiors as to who the victims of the war really were and how much the military was responsible for their suffering. the

offices of. one of colombia's most powerful media companies. its editor in chief is jeanette doria one of the country's best known journalists and war correspondent. if a. bit. tough tough tough tough tough if. you know what i did that morning what the it was a bloody war i don't remember how many battles i witnessed or how many casualties i saw or even how many articles i wrote about all the dead whether they were guerrillas civilians or soldiers. for to me that. all the parties committed equally barbaric acts but it's impossible to measure the

atrocities of the paramilitaries they are the worst thing that could ever happen to this country that is and they were covered and tolerated by the state by these military and police had tubes sworn to defend the constitution were the ones who kidnapped and murdered and persecuted us by would have given those it was that it was us is he not in space a good. deal to us it must show that it is english by doing that is 1 may 25th 2000 so i was kidnapped research trip board and i tortured and raped by a paramilitaries who took their orders from state security forces police and the army. is. good if that was a turning point in my work as a journalist and in my life as a woman it completely changed my view of the armed conflict in colombia with them yes. it will be the case is that later i found out that people who had once been my

sources and who seemed to be honorable figures at the helm of important institutions were the ones behind my kidnapping. as one of 2000000 women who were victims of sexual abuse during the war. a special jurisdiction for peace has been set up to investigate cases like hers and all other war crimes in order to guarantee truth and reparations for the victims. sort of i agree here this is an attorney who has represented the victims of state persecution for many years she was involved in the peace negotiations in an advisory capacity and helped organize the special jurisdiction. that is about the look at this case what is the special tribunal for those responsible for crimes are to tell the truth the see the why is the truth important. that irrespective of the punishments society must be able to find a path to

a stable and lasting peace that passes what it is to us that means it has to know the truth about what happened that who committed which crimes and why it's the only way to make sure this never happens again. see if. anyone is in there can't be any transitional justice for just one group like the guerrillas everyone whether directly or indirectly involved in the conflict must answer for their actions that includes the armed forces civil and military state officials politicians and companies besides. shortlist but. we are taking part in the special jurisdiction for peace for. the fortunate we have men in our own ranks who violated ethical principles mark broke the law and killed defenseless fellow citizens. in west. and in defense. is that space short us journalists and i'm not the one accusing these

people they themselves to confess to crimes. it is true that about 2000 members of the military have been reported and charged. as he'll say yes. but east. what you believe that is skills equate that a lot of the military people who have to face the tribunals are soldiers from the lowest ranks just carrying out orders more of this will they contribute to finding the truth about was whether it will they reveal the names of those responsible within the chain of command and as to whether the model is so much that that is our big question in identifying the chief perpetrators of state terror in colombia what was his. literally most eloquent albeit to the side of the net is false and yet we believe there was a high level of responsibility on the part of the state and the armed forces and that's group b. a c. that's a you only have to look at the official figures from the national center for

historical memory to say this was some 80 percent of the crimes related to serious human rights violations or crimes against humanity were committed by state or paramilitary units people is the girl is were responsible for about 20 percent of these crimes service will say let's get we give the. paramilitaries committed over 1100 massacres. there were over 10000 extrajudicial killings of opposition members and trade union leaders. to date 60000 people have been disappeared and members of the colombian army killed nearly 6000 innocent you. presenting their bodies as guerrilla fighters killed in action. all these crimes are supposed to be dealt with by the tribunal. president took a however is now trying to play significant constraints on the special jurisdiction . and the law was to see

that this is not years when you've been seeking justice for so many years you begin to believe in anything that at least looks like a small beacon on the horizon. it is but and i believe that for those of us who work for justice the special jurisdiction for peace and the truth commission our sound institutions that let us hope for change. you know when. you. say that. there's all this give you. cause. that is no you don't. actually have to cut us for us. i mean how far to sequester. are not where this is one of my. absolutely one of the guts to look at it by so for years. but i wouldn't.

put us in that you might ask i. care. if at least one of the well when they've taken everything from you and if it's hard to keep your fans it's so hard because they've killed you even though your life. it isn't is it one of the. having faith is so hard when you look back and realize you've lost everything. is going to kick the door i always told the women i work with young even if they've taken everything from you just really what it is the one thing they can never take away is your dignity or you could have good at it with that and. his legacy that. the peace process in colombia is under mounting pressure amidst continuing threats the systematic murder of opposition members and the return of paramilitary groups it seems increasingly endangered and history

appears to be repeating itself after former president juan manuel santos from the liberal party initiated peace his conservative successor yvonne duke has made a u. turn. the car that was where our headquarters. was. at the end of my journey i find myself back at the main square in bogota and cities across the country tens of thousands of come together to light candles and protest against the murder of activists who work to achieve real peace just like 2 years ago after the last referendum it's once again up to the young generation to demand change. i've come to realize that a peace treaty is only the beginning of a new era a fragile document that must be filled with life the people i met her green pieces failed to reach those who have suffered most from poverty and war and that social

justice and major changes are needed to put an end to the vicious circle of violence in colombia yes you are right. the earth you are the earth through early through our earth through our earth you are. strong opinions clear positions from international perspectives. last sunday's election in may have been strictly local but the victory of pro-democracy candidates sent a signal straight to mainland china a wake up call for beijing find out onto the for.

90 minutes. welcome to the but is the game here to tell the. truth i'm trying to talk about its. coverage. more. subtle we have. let's have a look at so many of them at least look so you don't want. to get the w. .

into the room entire book travel now amazing time. this is the w. news live from berlin thousands of australians students out of class today to join in global rallies on climate change australians kicking off a day of fridays for future protests with rallies planned in cities around the world the call to action comes ahead of next week's un climate summit we'll talk to one of the movement's organizers here in the studio also on the show. tom connor

thanks president trump for legislation supporting democracy in the territory but china condemns.