the 1st cut with the sand and their fury the fight for women's safety can maintain today's momentum. as you're watching news from the president coming up next dr phil latest edition with columbia the long road to peace it's. consolidated centuries of the famous naturalist and explorer. to sing the praises clicks on the phone while its 250th birthday were embarking on a voyage of discovery. expedition voyage on t.w. . summer 2018 in bogota the capital of colombia for 2 years the country has officially been at peace there are fewer casualties the slogans of war have faded

and the word peace is everywhere. nevertheless the mood is far from euphoric. it remains unclear whether the former warring factions will have the will to follow the peace plan they laid out it was a seemingly endless war and it left people devastated. it's been over half a century since a marxist guerrilla group the revolutionary armed forces of colombia or fark took up arms in a bitter war against the colombian state. but the full force of the conflict took its toll not only on government troops and the guerrilla fighters but above all on the innocent rural population the war cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of people and left the country with more internally displaced persons than any other it was a bloody and tragic chapter in colombia's history. i've been to colombia many times

before 2 years ago i witnessed the guns go silent finally the war was almost over but even then i sensed that the path to peace would be a long journey with an unknown outcome. 2016 was a year that would go down in history in september i visited a guerrilla controlled area in the province of mehta a 6 hour drive from the next paved road this was where the tense and final national conference of the far as an armed rebel group took place. the fark and the colombian government had already agreed on a peace accord one month earlier. since then there had been a cease fire. approximately 1000 guerrillas assembled to give their high

command approval for the peace treaty. some of us. he doesn't want. me to. be on. last night in the. place east timor did i mind that it would be only in name based either but indeed they think. they've got be done unless you imagine that people have you seen ok most going to see that movie when i mean i think that as soon as 18th of. the one up with it if we needed it i mean. if it davis had not beaten martin acquittal for not voting but if he didn't really got people to mean. being healthy then i thought it be none of us saying when.

during the conference i met a young guerrilla who called himself luis he had joined the fark 15 years ago and was one of the few who could read and write he organized literacy classes for his comrades but louise was not just a teacher he also wrote short stories about life and war poems to his beloved. the guerrillas are largely the sons and daughters of farmers. they went to war and a young age and spent their whole lives in the jungle by 2016 a far as fighting force had dropped from 250027000 they could no longer defeat the colombian army support among the population had fallen dramatically the days of war were numbered but there was a political solution in sight that would change colombia forever.

peace agreement benefited not just the far. but the entire population of colombia. contains land reform for political participation for a solution to illegal narcotics crops for compensation and reparations for victims . and a transitional justice system and it was a turning point in colombia's history. and from their camp luis and his fellow guerrillas watch as the historic agreement is signed under the gaze of the world media. it september 27th 2016 in colombia they hoped the only war now will be fought with words. larry lurcher who lives here it was like oh you're too old for serb repertoire they made you

a leader who. was. were steward of the christmas tree most of all you know it was cool idea who. they made only was a minor. they didn't know what to be i waited it out of us who knows what was . in the negotiations between the government and the fark the parties had agreed to let the people have their say in a referendum on the peace agreement it was largely assumed that there would be a broad consensus in favor this could then pave the way for luis and his comrades to give up their weapons for ever. the tiny village of santa ana in the province of until york here one day before the referendum. the peaceful countries are community was deeply shocked by the conflict

. first the fark arrive to recruit young farmers for their struggle then the army and allied paramilitary forces struck back with brutal force. you can brown throw is now 75 years old during his life as a farmer he's been driven off his land 7 times each time he lost everything he's one of the war's millions of victims. yeah. we've been through so much pain. the guerrillas fought battles here for days on end not just once a number of times yeah cost them a lot of sympathy among local people they would threaten us saying you do you join as you are you disappear you know they should have done that and they wanted an order of the really want you know. they were killed they need to get out but it was the army that committed the worst crimes. guerilla fighters

joining a legal group. but it was the government lead a military force that was supposed to protect the population that attacked us the most is true. it will calculate your money which you will. here in santa ana 18 people fled the war. the army picked them up and hunted them over to the paramilitaries who killed them. the whole social injustices enormous in this country you know we ever be compensated. probably not before we die. not simply can't be one the young here who deserve compensation because we are victims of the greatest war. i said greatest war because it's the oldest war of all . but today is the referendum. we hope people will say yes to peace. so that those who supported the war comes continue violating people's rights but. no

heed your landlord they take your. people from the surrounding villages are arriving to vote. posters urged people to say yes to the referendum. the counting begins at 4 o'clock in the small village school and the results are forwarded directly to the capital. which in think there is. no hint that you. know lose. bush. would lose no matter. this is a see until you. can get one of. your.

missing for nothing. you want to. think that no good is coming due to. see if. you're the boss you know. i'm not going to get to that because. it's. about a quarter to 6 it's final contrary to all forecasts the opponents of the peace accord won by a slender majority. the next morning i mean he'll be out on his modest piece of land he's shocked and saddened by the outcome. so. clearly it's a very delicate matter. they've missed

a unique opportunity to be out of the areas most affected by the conflict voted overwhelmingly for yes. no don't go in the cities with the violence was not as tangible the same people who have always disregarded as on the countryside and out of it wasn't those who suffered the most from the war one. liners were people who've always heard the state farmers and those who are less fortunate company have always taken advantage of assuming he and i don't mean the stores but. that's the way it is we've all lost. perhaps the students of the city will be able to send a message to the government and tell them who should pick up negotiations now and how and with whom. let's see if the losers can get up again and make a change. it is indeed the students who are the 1st to respond after the initial

shock they want to avert the imminent collapse of the peace accord. in the following days and weeks they managed to mobilize hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country. better. than most yet not knowing take it that's only. but you said i was i think that was a would think that it is you get this because i would just pull it by you say you are going to shut up shut up and if you look at what happened. was. i. was evil. i eventually end november 26th seen the parties agree on a renegotiated compromise and sign

a new peace treaty. the key points in the $297.00 page document cover transforming farquhar into a political party opening democratic participation for the opposition come bearing drug trafficking compensating victims and a special tribunals for gross human rights violations but perhaps most importantly the agreement plans to eliminate the underlying cause of the war by way of comprehensive land reform. you. know we'd seen a bell coming in has decided to award the nobel peace prize for $26.00 teams to colombian president one monoid son tells for she's christian loot efforts to bring the country's more than 50 year long civil war to an end a war that has cost the lives of at least 220000 colombians and displaced

close to 6000000 people. january 27th jean the end of an era is approaching in latin america the continent's oldest guerrilla group sense out on its final march to hand over its weapons to u.n. inspectors. it is a march into an uncertain future will the government comply with the terms of the agreement will it be possible for future political conflicts to be waged without weapons. summer 2018 it's been 18 months since my last visit to colombia this will be the 1st time presidential elections are not held in a state of war with the far. nobel peace laureate juan manuel santos is no longer allowed to run having already served 2 terms. even duke is the

candidate of the right wing conservative democratic center he's considered a protege of former president. who bitterly opposed the peace accord and led the campaign for a no in the referendum. during the election campaign announced he would make significant changes to the peace agreement but the political landscape has changed since the end of the war for the 1st time in the country's history a left wing candidate makes it to the runoff vote for president a lie. is seen as a candidate who can challenge the traditional 2 party system of conservatives and liberals with his progressive human colombia movement. see what it seems the previously served as mayor of bogota and is a vocal supporter of social justice control fully supported the peace accord with the far and backs its implementation.

5 hours south of bogota is the town of where 320 former foreign fighters live in an integration zone to prepare for their reintroduction to civilian life here i meet back up with the guerrilla fighter and poet no-b.s. he's discarded is now and has gone back to calling himself bloody me. you know as a little daughter with his great love from his fark days his take on political developments is sobering. and it. just it was this they live in that's ended up with. the implementation of the peace accord is going awfully slowly. and. the land reform for example

is proving extremely difficult. there's been no progress. the have it farmers with little or no land have not been given. land to plant crops on. as had been promised in the agreement this is. the end this plus more than 60 of our fighters who surrendered their weapons were subsequently killed. they had this means that the agreement is in danger of failing. but because in that. you know look at the us q did you look good but the one of the aims of the peace agreement as for us to take a more active role in politics. we are now a legal political movement. with the aim of taking over power of course. that's.

different this time within the scope of democratic structures already in place that . they throw is the candidate who represents the leftist movement. so we're going to support him because he stands for an alternative that the you know publicly that in addition to respecting the peace agreement he would also implemented. that. will soon be retraining as a body guard to protect the leadership of the fark party from assassination attempts but many of his comrades disappointed by the lack of reintegration programs have once again taken up arms and returned to the underground.

the day before the new size of runoff election for the presidency i'm back in santa ana where i witnessed the referendum on most 2 years ago. i find here about doing his little house and i'm curious to find out. what he makes of the developments over the past 2 years. we're going to question. when the peace deal was signed i was relieved. i was convinced that the government would choose the peace. style it seems they knew the keeping the promises to the fark nor to the people of colombia. if they were genuinely interested in peace they would have not let multinational corporations into the country. they were promoting rural development and growth projects. you know little by. knee. if. the question now is whether the same regime that has always given against the

perp people continue to rule. what choice do we have to make petro president no war no violence with the poor can use their votes to reshape the country. place. it's the day after elections in bogota. the conservative candidate even to kerry has made president with 54 percent of the votes and yet the 42 percent for the left wing challenger petro is a clear sign of political change. but what does ducasse stand for he hails from the business elite and represents the interests of the big landowners is he able or

even willing to serve the greater social good and push through the reforms laid down in the peace treaty. who owns the peace process in colombia. global you look good. but new government will be set up by the far right. they're an elite who are convinced that they have a soul claim to power and that is power allows them to skim off any profits and i mean economic gain for themselves. is the 1000000 farmers with no land 7000000 displaced farmers who come to the cities. and now live in abject poverty. it's a larger is. dates $500.00 hectares or more belong to one percent of all landowners . feel this one percent owns 85 percent of the land

in colombia use this is the greatest inequality in all of latin america. and that this is the root of all the unfairness that you see today in everyday life will be the. 30 percent of the population is just barely literate see there is one health system for the rich and one for the poor and the elites are not addressing any of these problems this is. one of colombia's most respected agricultural experts and was a leading advisor to the government on the peace negotiations. when you ask whether it was appropriate in the peace negotiations to agree on land reform it must be said that it was not only right but urgently necessary to see the foundations had to be laid for a genuine economic and social modernization of the country. this is a country with a truly feudal system. it's about what looking at and it doesn't even use most of

the learned how to do it let alone give it to the farmers to cultivate. split up proceed. the far north of colombia is home to the sierra nevada mountain range and to around $50000.00. are people who have lost many of their ancestral lands over the course of time. during the war paramilitaries occupied the region terrorized the villages and forced the auto lock on to relocate. the peace treaty gave the otter a walk on the hope of regaining their stolen property as part of a land reform. one

of the warring parties did not permit the indigenous peoples to participate in the negotiations. despite the fact that we are 102 peoples who live on 30 percent of the land. the armed conflict mainly took place on our land. when we were still denied access to the peace talks with. some of the 30 laws on the primary concerns of an indigenous peoples that we would bring them out of the most important is the one on comprehensive land reform. in the knesset distribution of the 3000000 hectares of land things with the government agreed to make available to those who do not own land the not a but i. and of course we would benefit from that. if you see i did some but the government has included a legal loophole in the land reform legislation but it also allows large landowners

to access the land. if one. gets in through he goes part of you is kept for democratic center and the other parties who backed the new president have foist their opposition to the agricultural reform. and you couldn't care less process can withstand this time b.n. they think all you have to do is give big companies more tuck's incentives to foster rural development with the agricultural sector but are going to decide are you comfortable yeah i'm going to stay here. did you hear people's are now in a danger of becoming victims again we are forced to accept a vision of development that we do not agree with. because that would mean a return to war not a war waged by armed parties but a war nonetheless over our land and this war is only just beginning.

if you like you solicited but war waged by the extreme right and the big landowners for 50 years unable them to rob the farmers of 7000000 hectares of land. they see this as the spoils of. as the victors they refused to hand them back yes that what they were ultimately interested in was to disarm or to mobilize the guerrillas as they called it and sell the land to multinational corporations and big businesses. done by the sierra nevada mountain range those big landowners have estates stretching to the horizon. most of the land is not cultivated it serves primarily as a financial investment the peace agreement was supposed to ensure a fairer distribution of land and after 2 years of sluggish implementation the industrialization of agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources seemed

to enjoy an absolute priority the devastating consequences of this development are all too visible here at the largest coal mine in south america. on the giant mountain consortia and of multinational companies from switzerland to britain and australia exports $32000000.00 tons of coal from here every year with over 90 percent destined for europe more than 2000 mining and energy companies have operations in colombia and are largely given a free hand by the government with dramatic consequences for both local people and nature this is the small community of the why you people are located in close proximity to the mine of the 150000 why you are used to live here in la guardia a province more than a 3rd were forcibly displaced during the armed conflict. i'm here to meet environmental activist mario cristina and her mother.

when they see it in the wind from 1907 to 2003 the paramilitaries wreaked havoc here i mean. they did him henchmen of the set a horn mining company and killed a lot of people. in 2003 they murdered my father but i mean this guy says you know how people. may have 600 meters away from the mine i mean it's done a lot of damage here environmental destruction and psychological damage it's just joy the social fabric of our village. and in the. last place you folks of course that oxic residues of fine dust settle on our roofs in our skin. but my main cause diseases especially among children.

where they look and the explosions make a terrible noise that can cause permanent hearing damage is sora see the as a lot of people are dying and the fine dust enters the river water source or it's contaminated but we have to drink it anyway because there is no alternative in mass . so we. went on a protest strike for days in the blazing sun. we slept outside but for what it was a waste of time nothing has changed. the day before our meeting 8 masked and armed men turned up in front of maria christina's home at dawn they told her to stop her political activities and threatened to return and that could mean her death. i would eat them in the but i love the that is the key to

him when really activists resist and protest in a month we run the risk of being assassinated. it makes me wonder what happened to the states guarantee to protect us. but at the head of. the early days of the peace accord are overshadowed by a dark course of events people demanding social justice and compliance with the peace treaty are not only facing threats more than $350.00 activists have been killed since the signing of the peace accord none of these murders have yet been solved. as i leave the village i'm confronted with army tanks and soldiers that were nowhere to be seen the day before . why are they here. to protect the population to intimidate them to keep an eye on them.

back in bogota i try to meet with the high command of the armed forces the colombian military which also controls the police is now one of the largest armies in latin america. it numbers half a 1000000 soldiers and accounts for almost 30 percent of the national budget at the turn of the millennium it was receiving some $10000000000.00 in military aid from the u.s. to combat guerrillas and drug trafficking. colombia is not only a strategic partner of the united states it also became an official nato partner in june 28th ayn. how does the army see this disturbing rise in the number of my. human rights activists. prevent ok. yes it's true. it is the case that in the post-war period the death rate the most socially engaged individuals and human rights activists rose in some regions. and

that is tragic which had me that is. up except the king noise much that the armed forces have acknowledged that this is not acceptable and they've drawn up a spectacular plan called horace $2.00. expect that you know me i'll. be all of those for reviews cutting edge technology to carry out an analysis of the digital recognition system. and of come to the conclusion that there are $600.00 villages under threat in colombia c m. m and i saw us in touch with that she must. study history she just. decided to encircle these villages and to install the presence of troops in the. coming up to him those they are turfs with identifying protecting the community leaders in danger i mean

ourselves if it catches up with us. we recommend that the government uses their troops to help the rule population develop he'll fight for decades they were devastated by violence. violence caused by the fark and drug trafficking in that village. 45000. that. i wonder if these brave young men and women have been enlightened by their superiors as to who the victims of the war really were and how much the military was responsible for their suffering. the offices of. one of colombia's most powerful media companies. its editor in chief is jeanette bhadoria one of the country's best known journalists and war correspondents. it is

a. little. 2 you know maybe more you would think the it was a bloody war i don't remember how many battles i witnessed or how many casualties i saw or even how many articles i wrote about all the dead for it whether they were guerrillas civilians or soldiers. it wouldn't be that. that sealed all the parties committed equally barbaric acts but it's impossible to measure the atrocities of the paramilitaries there are the worst thing that could ever happen to this country that is and they were covered and tolerated by the state by its military and police had tubes sworn to defend the constitution were the ones who kidnapped and murdered and persecuted us by would have given that it was settles us is he not in space good.

to us he put most of it basically by the letter as 1 may 25th 2000 so i was kidnapped research trip board and tortured and raped by the paramilitaries who took their orders from state security forces police and the army. that was a turning point in my work as a journalist and in my life as a woman it completely changed my view of the armed conflict in colombia pick them up with them yes. it is a bit later i found out that people who had once been my sources and who seemed to be honorable figures at the helm of important institutions were the ones behind my kidnapping. as one of 2000000 women who were victims of sexual abuse during the war. a special

jurisdiction for peace has been set up to investigate cases like hers and all other war crimes in order to guarantee truth. and reparations for the victims. here this is an attorney who has represented the victims of state persecution for many years she was involved in the peace negotiation general advisory capacity and helped organize the special jurisdiction. it is about that it is what is the special tribunal for those responsible for crimes are to tell the truth the see the way why is the truth important. that irrespective of the punishments society must be able to find a path to a stable and lasting peace that passes what it was to us that means it has to know the truth about what happened that who committed which crimes and why it's the only way to make sure this never happens again. or make any one and there can't be any transitional justice for just one group like the guerrillas everyone whether

directly or indirectly involved in the conflict must answer for their actions that includes the armed forces civil and military state officials politicians and companies sides. no so close but at the scene we are taking part in the special jurisdiction for peace. fortunately we have men in our own ranks who violated ethical principles mark broke the law and kill defenseless fellow citizens . in much. noise. and in defense. is that spits short us journalists and i'm not the one accusing these people they themselves who confessed to the crimes. to get it is true that about 2000 members of the military have been reported charged as a c.e.o. saying. policed. much of the loot that is skills equate to

a lot of military people who have to face the tribunals our soldiers from the lowest ranks are just carrying out orders mauritius. will they contribute to finding the truth bottles but will they reveal the names of those responsible within the chain of command in these to read them out of the whiskey so much that that is our big question in identifying the chief perpetrators of state terror in colombia what was. the the most eloquent albeit. to the side of the net is false and yet we believe there was a high level of responsibility on the part of the state and the armed forces will be a see that if you only have to look at the official figures from the national center for historical memory to say this was some 80 percent of the crimes related to serious human rights violations or crimes against humanity were committed by state or paramilitary units the police the guerrillas were responsible for about 20 percent of these crimes service will say that's good we give the. paramilitaries committed over 1100 massacres. there were over 10000 extrajudicial killings

of opposition members and trade union leaders. to date 60000 people have been disappeared and members of the colombian army killed nearly 6000 innocent u s presenting their bodies as guerrilla fighters killed in action. all these crimes are supposed to be dealt with by the tribunal. president took a however is now trying to play significant constraints on the special jurisdiction . the law was goes to see a little bit that this is not yours when you've been seeking justice for so many years you begin to believe in anything that at least looks like a small beacon on the horizon. it is but and i believe that for those of us who work for justice the special jurisdiction for peace and the truth commission are sound institutions that let us hope for change. one of which.

is focus give you. cause. or you. actually have to cut us for us. out of the sequester. are not for us steve swung back to the coast absolutely the guts to look at i saw 4 years. to say what i did was. what i said that was in my discount act i. care. if at least one of the well when they've taken everything from you is and it's hard to keep your fans it's so hard because they've killed you even though your life. is

it when they're all. having faith is so hard when you look back and realize you've lost everything. is going to kick that door i always told the women i work with young even if they've taken everything from you have really what it is the one thing they can never take away is your dignity i am looking to get out there with that and. just let it be that. the peace process in colombia is under mounting pressure amidst continuing threats the systematic murder of opposition members and the return of paramilitary groups it seems increasingly endangered and history appears to be repeating itself after former president juan manuel santos from the liberal party initiated peace his conservative successor if i do kaye has. made a u. turn and 7 who was who well who forged.

at the end of my journey i find myself back at the main square in bogota and cities across the country tens of thousands of come together to light candles and protest against the murder of activists who work to achieve real peace just like 2 years ago after the last referendum it's once again up to the young generation to demand change. i've come to realize that a peace treaty is only the beginning of a new era a fragile document that must be filled with life the people i met her green pieces failed to reach those who have suffered most from poverty and war and that social justice and major changes are needed to put an end to the vicious circle of violence in colombia you have lived through i heard you have lawyers who are who have given who. you are

who are or who are or who. enter the conflicts within sebastian turkey has outraged many of its allies and fatness with its military operations in syria my guest this week here at the foreign policy forum in tallinn is turkey's presidential spokesman in for him colleen how does he justify his country's filing controversial policies i suppose in the full conflict once 30 minutes. he.

crew to 2 days will hold. 97 you know. a historical turning point in politics business to push. the wrong people of the islamic revolution. opens up making its initial flirtation of those strengths and states of emergency sinks into chaos. joan chittister countries especially chance the people threaten steal her. body crisis. the start of an era that defines overmanaged. 97 in a big move to today's most since december 23rd.

this is news live from berlin police identify the attacker who killed 2 people on a london bridge they confirm he was convicted for involvement in a terrorist plot but later released early from prison prime minister boris johnson says it doesn't make sense to allow those convicted of terror offenses to be released early as calling for a viewing of sentencing procedures. and it's not the same old song and dance thousands of activists in mexico and she they aim to open.