it will certainly be seen that from some corners of the european as having some potential positive outcome ok thanks so much for that and we have much more on german politics at our website e.w. dot. com. welcome to the but is the game here for d.l. the triple play to talk about some. place else our coverage. 3 more. slowly have. let's have a look at so many of them illegal so you don't want to. get to w i. summer

2018 in bogota the capital of colombia for 2 years the country has officially been at peace. there are fewer casualties the slogans of war it faded and the word peace is everywhere. nevertheless the mood in is far from euphoric. it remains unclear whether the former warring factions will have the will to follow the peace plan they laid out it was a seemingly endless war and it left people devastated. it's been over half a century since a marxist guerrilla group the revolutionary armed forces of colombia or fark took up arms in a bitter war against the colombian state. but the full force of the conflict took its toll not only on government troops and the guerrilla fighters but above all on the innocent rural population the war cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of

people and left the country with more internally displaced persons than any other it was a bloody and tragic chapter in colombia's history. i've been to colombia many times before 2 years ago i witnessed the guns go silent finally the war was almost over but even then i sensed that the path to peace would be a long journey with an unknown outcome. 2016 was a year that would go down in history in september i visited a guerrilla controlled area in the province of mehta a 6 hour drive from the next paved road this was where the tense and final national conference of the far because an armed rebel group took place.

far in the colombian government had already agreed on a peace accord one month earlier. since then there had been a cease fire. approximately 1000 guerrillas assembled to give their high command approval for the peace treaty. some of us. knows i am a little news aki doesn't win titles on us but the little league the committee got it on the list that it will be on. the left side of the. place east timor and i'm mad that it would be only one thing based either but indeed up with a living baby on beaches on the other the cup be done unless you imagine that the baby see no cable is going to equal since that is how many said they called it as you initial any of these. one up with a definitive get that even if. it doesn't begin to date is that enough eaten by that acquittal for not getting it but if he did the article really got people to me

. think if they did i thought it be any money i was saying when in this state only . during the conference i met a young guerrilla who called himself luis he had joined the fark 15 years ago and was one of the few who could read and write he organized literacy classes for his comrades but louise was not just a teacher he also wrote short stories about life and war and poems to his beloved. the guerrillas are largely the sons and daughters of farmers. they went to war at a young age and spent their whole lives in the jungle by 2016 a far as fighting force had dropped from 250027000 they could no longer defeat the colombian army support among the population had fallen dramatically the days of war

were numbered but there was a political solution in sight that would change colombia forever. out of peace agreement benefited not just the part. but the entire population of colombia for. it contained land reform for political participation for a solution to illegal narcotics crops for compensation and reparations for victims and a transitional justice system and it was a turning point in colombia's history. and from their camp luis and his fellow guerrillas watch as the historic agreement is signed under the gaze of the world media. it september 27th 2016 in colombia they

hoped the only war no will be fought with words were sure were clearly lurcher where's your little circle your total sort of repertoire they made you feel. were steward lucas was primo showing. it was cool idea what a minute he was a mile and. then down over to be idly printed out of us who know what was. in the negotiations between the government and the fark the parties had agreed to let the people have their say in a referendum on the peace agreement it was largely assumed that there would be a broad consensus in favor this could then pave the way for luis and his comrades to give up their weapons for ever.

the tiny village of santa ana in the province of until york here one day before the referendum. the peaceful countries are community was deeply shocked by the conflict . first the fark arrived to recruit young farmers for their struggle then the army and allied paramilitary forces struck back with brutal force. brando is now 75 years old during his life as a farmer he's been driven off his land 7 times each time he lost everything he's one of the war's millions of victims. yeah yeah we've been through so much pain. the guerrillas fought battles here for days on end not just once a number of times. cost them a lot of sympathy among local people they would threaten and saying you do you join as you disappear you know they should have done that and they want to know what the

really want. they need to get out but it was the army that committed the worst crimes. guerrilla fighters joining a legal group. but it was the government's legal military force that was supposed to protect the population that attacked us the most is true. which yet. every time to other people fled the war. the army picked them up and handed them over to the paramilitaries who killed the. social injustice is an enormous of this country. you know we ever be compensated. probably not before we die. not simply can't be one the young we deserve compensation because we are victims of the greatest war. i say the greatest war

because it's the oldest war of all. but today is the referendum. we hope people will say yes to peace. so that those who supported the war comes continue violating people's rights but king ignore. your landlord they take your. people from the surrounding villages are arriving to vote. posters urged people to say yes to the referendum. the counting begins at 4 o'clock in the small village school and the results are forwarded directly to the capital. city which in state that is. you know that you. knew knows. bush. would lose

no matter. who is this is a see him doing you. can get one of. your. missing for nothing. to thank you it took. about 4 things to do it was to see in the 2nd. those things that was no save me do it is going to tell me. see if. they serve the party and i. think not. because now we're into that because seen around the enough. no it's. not. by a quarter to 6 it's final contrary to all forecasts the opponents of the peace accord won by a slender majority. the next morning i mean he'll banter on his

modest piece of land he's shocked and saddened by the outcome so. it's a very delicate matter and. they've missed a unique opportunity to be out of the areas most affected by the conflict voted overwhelmingly for us. in the cities where the violence was not as tangible the same people who have always disregarded as on the countryside and out of it wasn't those who suffered the most from the war who want. to read lucky winners were people who've always heard the state farmers and those who are less fortunate company have always taken advantage of assuming he end up where we go it only. stores but. that's the way it is we've all lost. perhaps the students of the city will be able to send a message to the government and tell them who should pick up negotiations now and

how and with whom. they do it let's see if the losers can get up again i'll make a change. it is indeed the students who were the 1st to respond after the unit shell shock. they want to avert the imminent collapse of the peace accord. over the following days and weeks they managed to mobilize hundreds of thousands of people from all over the country. i got most of it yet at that moment take it that i saw this but he said i was i think that it was up would. you get it because that would just bite you so you either set up but if you look at what happened. i. was. i was i. was.

i eventually and november 26th the parties agree on a renegotiated compromise and sign a new peace treaty. the key points in the $297.00 page document cover transforming far into a political party opening democratic participation for the opposition come bearing drug trafficking compensating victims and a special tribunal for gross human rights violations but perhaps most importantly the agreement plans to eliminate the underlying cause of the war by way of comprehensive landry for. the weeks nobel committee has decided to award just in the belly peace prize for 26 teams to colombian president one monoid some clothes for peace

christian loot efforts to bring the country's more than 50 year long civil war to an end a war that has cost the lives of at least 220000 colombians and displaced close to 6000000 people. january 2017 the end of an era is approaching in latin america the continent's oldest guerrilla group sets out on its final march to hand over its weapons to u.n. inspectors it is a march into an uncertain future where the government comply with the terms of the agreement will it be possible for future political conflicts to be waged without weapons. summer 2018 it's been 18 months since my last visit to colombia this will be the 1st time presidential elections are not held in

a state of war with the farmer. nobel peace laureate juan manuel santos is no longer allowed to run having already served 2 terms. even do cays the candidate of the right wing conservative democratic center he's considered a protege of former president. who bitterly opposed the peace accord and led the campaign for a no in the referendum during the election campaign duca announced he would make significant changes to the peace agreement but the political landscape has changed since the end of the war for the 1st time in the country's history a left wing candidate makes it to the runoff vote for president aligned. the stubble petro is seen as a candidate who can challenge the traditional 2 party system of conservatives and liberals with his progressive human columbia movement. see where it seems the previously served as mayor of bogota and is

a vocal supporter of social justice patrol fully supported the peace accord with the far and backseats implementation. 5 hours south of bogota is the town of economic zone where 320 former fark fighters live in an integration zone to prepare for their reintroduction to civilian life here i meet back up with the guerrilla fighter and poet no-b.s. he's discarded his nom de guerre and has gone back to calling himself bloody mia. you know as a little daughter with his great love from his farm days his days. on political developments is sobering. and. i mean at. least it was

a silly look with. the implementation of the peace accord is going awfully slowly. and. the land reform for example is proving extremely difficult. there's been no progress. the farmers with little or no land have not been given more land to plant crops on. as had been promised in the agreement this is. the end this plus more than 60 of our fighters who surrendered their weapons were subsequently killed. there this means that the agreement is in danger of failing. but because in the. you know look at the last few good news it looks good but one of the aims of the peace agreement as for us to take a more active role in politics. we are now

a legal political movement. with the aim of taking over power of course. that's a little different this time within the scope of democratic structures already in place that. petro is the candidate who represents the leftist movement. so we're going to support him because he stands for an alternative that the you know publicly that in addition to respecting the peace agreement he would also implemented. that. bloody mary will soon be retraining as a body guard to protect the leadership of the fark party from assassination attempts but many of his comrades disappointed by the lack of reintegration programs have once again taken up arms and returned to the underground.

the day before the new size of runoff election for the presidency i'm back in santa ana where i witnessed the referendum on most 2 years ago i find here about doing his little house and i'm curious to find out what he makes of the developments over the past 2 years. it's just wonderful he might all the help we're going to question . when the peace deal was signed i was relieved. i was convinced that the government would choose the peace. he started seems they knew the keeping the promises to the fark nor to the people of colombia. if they were genuinely interested in peace they would have not let multinational corporations into the country. they were promoting rural development and growth projects. we can only help by.

if. the question now is whether the same regime that has always given against the perp people continue to rule it what choice do we have to make petrol president no war no violence we the poor can use their votes to reshape the country. place. it's the day after elections in bogota. the conservative candidate to run to kerry's made president with 54 percent of the votes and yet the 42 percent for the left wing challenger petro is

a clear sign of political change. but what does ducasse stand for he hails from the business elite and represents the interests of the big landowners is he able or even willing to serve the greater social good and push through the reforms laid down in the peace treaty. who owns the peace process in colombia. global you look good. but a new government will be set up by the far right. they're an elite who are convinced that they have a soul claim to power and that is power allows them to skim off any profits and i mean economic gain for themselves. is the 1000000 farmers with no land 7000000 displaced farmers who have come to the cities. and now live in abject poverty.

it's a larger. it's $500.00 hectares or more belong to one percent of all land owners. feed and this one percent owns 85 percent of the land in colombia use this is the greatest inequality in all of latin america. and this is the root of all the unfairness that you see today in everyday life will be that in the us. 30 percent of the population is just barely literate see there is one health system for the rich and one for the poor and the elites are not addressing any of these problems this is. one of colombia's most respected agricultural experts and was a leading advisor to the government on the peace negotiations. when you ask whether it was appropriate in the peace negotiations to agree on land reform it must be said that it was not only right but urgently necessary. the foundations had

to be laid for a genuine economic and social modernization of the country. this is a country with a truly feudal system. it's about what looking at and it doesn't even use most of the learned. give it to the farmers to cultivate. put up or to see to. the far north of colombia's home to the sierra nevada mountain range and to around $50000.00. are people who have lost many of their ancestral lands over the course of time. during the war paramilitaries occupied the region terrorized the villages and forced the auto are going to relocate. the peace treaty gave the auto aka the hope of regaining their stolen property as part of the land reform.

one of the warring parties did not permit the indigenous peoples to participate in the negotiations. despite the fact that we are 102 peoples who live on 30 percent of the land. the armed conflict mainly took place on our land. when we were still denied access to the peace talks. of the 30 laws on the primary concerns of an indigenous peoples and we would be the most important is the one on comprehensive land reform. in the knesset distribute the 3000000 hectares of land that the government agreed to make available to those

who do not own land not to but i love his and the force we would benefit from that . if you see i do something but the government has included a legal loophole in the land reform legislation but it also allows large landowners to access the land. get sent through the last part of the us kept more democratic center and the other parties who backed the new president and foist their opposition to the agricultural reform. and you couldn't care less courses can withstand this time b.n. they think all you have to do is give big companies more tuck's incentives to foster rural development with the agricultural sector but i'm going to sorry i didn't come out yet i reduced. did you hear peoples are now in danger of becoming victims again we are forced to accept a vision of development that we do not agree with. because that would mean

a return to war not a war waged by armed parties but a war none the less over our land and this war is only just beginning. like you'd like solicited by a war waged by the extreme right and the big landowners for 50 years unable them to rob the farmers of 7000000 hectares of land. they see this as the spoils of war. the victors they refused to hand them back yes that what they were ultimately interested in was to disarm or demobilize the guerrillas as they called it and sell the land to multinational corporations and big businesses. done by the sierra nevada mountain range those big landowners have the states stretching to the horizon. most of the land is not cultivated it serves primarily as a financial investment the peace agreement was supposed to ensure

a fairer distribution of land but after 2 years of sluggish implementation the industrialization of agriculture and the exploitation of natural resources seemed to enjoy an absolute priority. the devastating consequences of this development are all too visible here at the largest coal mine in south america. the giant mountain a consortium of multinational companies from switzerland to britain and australia exports $32000000.00 tonnes of coal from here every year with over 90 percent destined for europe more than 2000 mining and energy companies have operations in colombia and are largely given a free hand by the government with dramatic consequences for both local people and nature. this is the small community of the why you people are located in close proximity to the mine of the 150000 and why you were used to live here in la

guardia a province more than a 3rd were forcibly displaced during the armed conflict. i'm here to meet environmental activist mario cristina and her mother. when they see it in the in from 1907 to 2003 the paramilitaries wreaked havoc here i mean. it became henchmen of the set of one mining company and killed a lot of people. in 2003 they murdered my father but only. most. of 600 metres away from the mine i mean it's done a lot of damage here environmental destruction and psychological damage it's just joy the social fabric of our village. and in the.

last place you folks because the toxic residues of fine dust settled on our roofs in our skin. but my main cause diseases especially among children. where they look and the explosions make a terrible noise that can cause permanent hearing damage is sora see there was a lot of people are dying and the fine dust enters the river by water source or it's contaminated but we have to drink it anyway because there is no alternative mass. but we went on a protest strike for days in the blazing sun. that was left outside but for what it was a waste of time nothing has changed. the day before our meeting 8 masked and armed men turned up in front of maria christina's home at dawn

they told her to stop her political activities and threatened to return and that could mean her death. i would be i mean no but i love the that is the key to him when really activists resist and protest that i might run the risk of being assassinated. it makes me wonder what happened to the state's guarantee to protect us. but up at the head of. the early days of the peace accord are overshadowed by a dark course of events people demanding social justice and compliance with the peace treaty are not only facing threats more than $350.00 activists have been killed since the signing of the peace accord none of these murders have yet been solved. as i leave the village i'm confronted with army tanks and soldiers that were nowhere to be seen the day before

. why are they here to protect the population to intimidate them to keep an eye on them. back in bogota i try to meet with the high command of the armed forces the colombian military which also controls the police is now one of the largest armies in latin america. it numbers half a 1000000 soldiers and accounts for almost 30 percent of the national budget at the turn of the millennium it was receiving some $10000000000.00 in military aid from the us to combat guerrillas and drug trafficking. colombia is not only a strategic partner of the united states it also became an official nato partner in june 28th aine. how does the army see this disturbing rise in the number of murdered human rights activists. preventative. and feed

my yes it's true. that is the case that in the post-war period the death rate the most socially engaged in the vigils and human rights activists rose in some regions . and that is tragic that's what set me that is. up is that the king noise and i start the armed forces have acknowledged that this is not acceptable and have drawn up a spectacular plan called horus $2.00. expect that you know without all those. be all of those for me to use cutting edge technology to carry out an analysis with a digital recognition system. and of come to the conclusion that there are $600.00 villages under threat in colombia c m. m and i saw us in touch with this he must. study sr she just. decided to encircle

these villages and to install the presence of troops in the. coming up to him those they are turfs with identifying protecting the community leaders in danger i mean ourselves if you kept up with us you know shot those we recommend that the government uses our troops to help the rural population develop here but for decades they were devastated by violence. violence caused by the fark and drug trafficking and. shia foreigners fighting in that capacity. yet. i wonder if these brave young men and women have been enlightened by their superiors as to who the victims of the war really were and how much the military was responsible for their suffering. the offices of. one of colombia's most powerful media companies.

its editor in chief is janette bhadoria one of the country's best known journalists and war correspondents. about how. does it. get up get up. early. you know maybe more you were a little it was a bloody war the i don't remember how many battles i witnessed or how many casualties i saw or even how many articles i wrote about all the dead whether they were guerrillas civilians or soldiers. to me does. it get that all the parties committed equally barbaric acts but it's impossible to measure the atrocities of the paramilitaries they are the worst thing that could ever happen to this country that is and they were covered in tolerated by the state

rights military and police heads who'd sworn to defend the constitution were the ones who kidnapped and murdered and persecuted us by would have given the ship was that it was us is he not in space good. to us he put a musket by the letters 1 may 25th 2000 so i was kidnapped to have me searched trip board and tortured and raped by a paramilitaries who took their orders from state security forces the police and the army. was a turning point in my work as a journalist and in my life as a woman it completely changed my view of the armed conflict in colombia. a. good bit later i found out the people who'd once been my so. forces and who seemed to be honorable figures at the helm of important institutions were the ones behind

my kidnapping. is one of 2000000 women who were victims of sexual abuse during the war. a special jurisdiction for peace has been set up to investigate cases like hers and all other war crimes in order to guarantee truth and reparations for the victims. here this is an attorney who has represented the victims of state persecution for many years she was involved in the peace negotiations in an advisory capacity and helped organize the special jurisdiction. this case what is the special tribunal for those responsible for crimes are to tell the truth you see the way why is the truth important. that the respective of the punishments society must be able to find a path to a stable and lasting peace that passes what it is to us that means it has to know the truth about what happened that it who committed which crimes and why do you

it's the only way to make sure this never happens again you. see if. anyone is in there can't be any transitional justice for just one group like the guerrillas everyone whether directly or indirectly involved in the conflict must answer for their actions that includes the armed forces civil and military state officials politicians and companies besides. national trust but to see we are taking part in the special jurisdiction for peace. fortunately we have men in our own ranks who violated ethical principles mark broke the law and kill defenseless fellow citizens. and west in a style of indifference. is that space short as journalists and i'm not the one accusing these people they themselves to confess to crimes. face sallust just getting it is true that about 2000 members of the military have been reported and

charged as a c.e.o. saying yes to south east. what you believe that is skills equate to a lot of military people who have to face the tribunals our soldiers from the lowest ranks are just carrying out orders more of this will they contribute to finding the truth by last but it will they reveal the names of those responsible within the chain of command and as to whether the model place is so much that that is our big question in identifying the chief perpetrators of state terror in colombia it was both sides he stood at the foot of the most eloquent albeit to the side of the net as ford said yes we believe there was a high level of responsibility on the part of the state and the armed forces to be a c that's a little you only have to look at the official figures from the national center for historical memory to say this some 80 percent of the crimes related to serious human rights violations or crimes against humanity were committed by state or paramilitary units the police the guerrillas were responsible for about 20 percent

of these crimes service will say that if we give the. paramilitaries committed over 1100 massacres. there were over 10000 extrajudicial killings of opposition members and trade union leaders. to date 60000 people have been disappeared and members of the colombian army killed nearly 6000 innocent years presenting their bodies as guerrilla fighters killed in action. all these crimes are supposed to be dealt with by the tribunal. president took a however is now trying to place significant constraints on the special jurisdiction. and the law was goes to see a little bit that this is not years when you've been seeking justice for. so many years you begin to believe in anything that at least looks like a small beacon on the horizon. you could get by that and i believe that for those

of us who work for justice the special jurisdiction for peace and the truth commission are sound institutions that let us hope for change. or not when. yes. there's all this good. cause. but in the next hour you know. we have to cut us out of. me out of the sequester. are not. one of my i think i was sacked jack was a little bit one of the guts to look at it i saw for years it was going to say. that if i discount ak i. care. if that

is one of the well when they've taken everything from you and it's hard to keep your fans it's so hard because they've killed you even though your life. is where they're all. having faith is so hard when you look back and realize you've lost everything. it's going to get to that and. i always told the women i work with young even if they've taken everything from you have really what it is the one thing they can never take away is your dignity i am looking to get at it with that and. just let it be that. the peace process in colombia is under mounting pressure amidst continuing threats the systematic murder of opposition members and the return of paramilitary groups it seems increasingly endangered and history appears to be repeating itself after former. and juan manuel santos from the liberal party initiated peace his conservative successor in front took a has made a u.

turn there there were well who have who are who are. at the end of my journey i find myself back at the main square in bogota and cities across the country tens of thousands of come together to light candles and protest against the murder of activists who work to achieve real peace just like 2 years ago up to the last referendum it's once again up to the young generation to demand change. i've come to realize that a peace treaty is only the beginning of a new era a fragile document that must be filled with life the people i met her agree that peace has failed to reach those who have suffered most from poverty and war and that social justice and major changes are needed to put an end to the vicious circle of violence in colombia it was you who fired you have

lawyers who are her who you are a group . even the essentials are lacking in this small village school. and yet the country is rich. but the huge oil revenues have been seeping out into government officials functions. in the cities people have taken to the streets to protest. what can teachers and school children in the room larry it's due. it is resulting in.

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is news coming to you live from berlin and the united nations climate summit opens in madrid it's meant to put the finishing touches since 2015 palace of chords but the u.n. secretary general is warning that gil the warming may have reached the point of. also coming up. for driving a look at the case of the saudi woman still imprisoned long after the ban was lifted on women behind the wheel. and chile's coalition top.