let me. give you percent of americans at some point and i will experience hardship.

put. hardly anyone knows how nontransparent this market really is for that one ton of charcoal requires 5 to 10 tons of wood and. this has an enormous impact on the environment. where the wood comes from there's often trouble him and lots of uses of as poverty is deforestation there's deserts of occasional rise of the. it's completely unacceptable that tropical rain forests are being destroyed just to produce cheeta charcoal should be happening it's mathes bonds in. nigeria with 186000000 inhabitants it's the most populated country in africa

this is where most of the charcoal imported to the e.u. comes from it's a huge business not only in nigeria paraguayan in south america is another big global player. according to the un over half the trees cut down worldwide are burnt to produce charcoal with severe effects to the climate. nigerian merchants praised the high quality of charcoal derived from tropical wood it's particularly durable and it's embers last much longer but these traders don't have to certify where they get their chalk on the wood could be from one of the few sustainable plantations for tropical timber in africa or it could have been illegally logged in the rain forest. kingsley a county you specialize in export ready to be field which will.

work. chin's who want to import tropical timber to the e.u. have to certify its origins the process is strictly regulated but those guidelines don't apply to charcoal. 88 percent of the charcoal used in germany is imported nigeria alone supplies $31000.00 tons a year but most consumers have no idea what they are using to grill their sausages . there's still a gemini and council tax the fridge and. where it will form and. yeah. it doesn't care there. philo. all these stealable 40 feet container. charcoal from nigeria made in germany made possible because there are no restrictions on importing charcoal made from tropical timber to the e.u. . the spoke of garden trade fair in cologne this is where the outdoor grilling industry comes together many distributors can't see any problem with charcoal from

the tropics the trade association however would rather not comment. from france has been fighting against imported tropical charcoal for years he works with the ngo the forest trust t.f.t. . they want charcoal to be processed only from sustainably cultivated forests and for consumers to easily see if they're buying charcoal from native or illegally logged tropical wood there is no transparency. but then what is the way in particular. because. some in fault are split them to be produced. but there we are british on of their tree can create over europe and walking work on the ball because. if we don't do that it's good for to not be clear also for the 1st order. there's a heart for all the all male members says it is a cure for rick us there are. distributors who keep importing. with you but the

market will force their hand the moment we change the market everyone who wants to carry on as usual will be left no other choice was that all this notion of the. other was. in france t.f.t. has already managed to change the market most buyers for a large retail chains have come to reject charcoal from tropical forests. is meeting a belgian who imports not for can charcoal the man is convinced of his products quality and he even has a seal to prove it's been produced responsibly she could understand the concern about tropically source charcoal. for the time it was either what you have to realize that there are also sustainably managed tropical forests and so on if over if i don't see why these products should be banned or you do and you can't forget that the charcoal market is helping feed thousands of people in africa with the

fish traders we'd be making things too easy on ourselves if we suddenly decided to just ban everything sourced from nigeria where john will be out of this and he could just get in asia we need to actively deal with the problem of who the 1st was that there is a kind of hope to magick. in nigeria it's true that many people depend on the charcoal business in places where qualified jobs are hard to come by they're they often live in the humblest conditions. people like kobe he and his family make charcoal for a living they travel across the country as nomads and love trees wherever they can in the wild not unsustainable estates. the process is simple enough the wood is stocks covered with dirt and then let. these so-called kilns seal off most oxygen allowing the wood to burn down slowly in

about 11 days it's reduced to charcoal 5 i walk that asked song they found produce it. within a month's. we don't enjoy the walk to enjoy the world is a. level. where you combat you are tired and was used. for one tonne of charcoal the workers need up to 10 tons of wood most of the energy escapes as acts as heat exhaust leaks from the highlands and the surrounding soil is contaminated with toxins. the forestation is a huge problem in nigeria. a study by the un food and agriculture organization found that $410000.00 hectares of forest were cut down each year. not only does

that have a major impact on the climate it also leads to erosion and the forming of new deserts. but the forests aren't being destroyed just to make charcoal they're also being cleared for farmland and yet 87 percent of all trees logged in nigeria are used for firewood or charcoal. harry hoffman is a scientist for years he's been concerned about the charcoal production in africa. is this it's the only way they can make a living during the dry season wants the end of the dry season before they return to that field if it's nothing left to pay for school so they go to the forest and cut down trees to make charcoal they can sell on the street even if it is illegal. when they do they risk their fields drying up and. back to germany. is the

wood specialist at the world wildlife fund today he's brought bags of charcoal to the tune institute in hamburg to once trade restrictions for charcoal and he's backing up his arguments with facts if it were up to him importing illegal timber into the e.u. would be banned as with the charcoal produced from it. and his colleagues want to see just how much wood from tropical forests these bags contain. there's a lot of pressure from consumers not just with these products in particular is almost a cultural asset for germans finding a legal wood in their charcoal would leave a bad taste in their mouths that's mistress' businesses can't afford that that utilize a few months or years ago this product wouldn't have gained such broad attend. to date importers don't need to show that the wood for their charcoal was legal. and any product information on the back doesn't show the country of origin either.

is one of germany's leading specialists in determining what. he can't say where the charcoal is but he can discern which type of wood it was made from even if it isn't printed on the bag. he instantly recognizes some native trees species. before i put it under the microscope i do appreciate. sometimes i use a magnifying glass to determine what type we're dealing with. i've already dug a bit out from the bottom of the bag and as you can see what makes charcoal so special is that unlike wood it's brittle with. break it off it creates these clean edges i can look at those with my magnifying glass with. here for example we have an ash tree. this pack doesn't contain any tropical timber that

other bags do. when. you swing by the nearest gas station to pick up a bag of charcoal of course you have no idea how far it has traveled already and what ecological footprint it has left behind. tire forests are being cut down in countries like nigeria or in eastern europe and sometimes even protected forests are being plundered and that has an immense impact on the ecosystem or biodiversity and on the climate overall we need to act. we care we have briquettes. here we have a product that we're looking at. you know yes. this is pure charcoal. here we have a different product with the slogan for the sake of the environment the c o 2 neutral. inspects 20 bags of.

sand then have bought in various hardware and grocery stores in many cases it's evident the wood isn't needed. before just because before i've had a look at them under the microscope i can't say for sure these samples definitely have tropical origins kind it's not that simple but i can say that the ones i've looked at all definitely not from regular wood. so we know for certain that it isn't. compressed bearcats are especially hard to examine they consist mostly of coal dust and starch but even here the expert is able to find traces of wood. demit totem an identifying would species is called would anatomy we identify types or would based on their anatomical structure or model the people have been examining plant structures for 2 or 300 years what's important is to have reference material what they are and. that's why the cuny an institute of wood research

stores thousands of samples of various trees. 6 but in spoke to him at my research on the structural features we can see here we can definitely say this word is not from a temperate or even boreal reacher way outsourced out. that means this charcoal was definitely tropically sourced. 8 of the 20 bags they examined did contain wood from rainforests. that amounts to 40 percent of their samples 6 5 bags even contained red list species of endangered or restricted will of. the findings are upset ng for your highness tannen of the world wildlife fund. not the innocents who feel this is been a topic for so many years to find such a catastrophic results here in germany was shocking it can't go on like this. many

distributors won't take responsibility for their products origin sustainable conservation environmental protection labor laws none of it matters. important to ones cost and seduction costs are much much lower than operating a colliery here in germany and voice so that makes it attractive to transporting it over the ocean from nigeria to germany or europe is a fairly small portion of the total cost untie and what they can some cost not arsenal. most germans have no idea that they're charcoal is sometimes produced with people's bare hands and colby would never have guessed that he's talking was used to grill german sausages for many industrial make use of pot from cost. to die making use of it's like this before. they also make use of charcoal. also to people who take insulin defined us there but i don't know why they use it

for all we use it for them on the ticket system. koby and his workers get $3.00 for each bag of charcoal even in nigeria that's not a lot of money but the supply chain in africa is more transporters sorters distributors everyone wants to turn a profit the jobs are highly sought after. jobs provided by level at a city sent us what shop will be choppered us is one of the few jobs that actually brings jobs. to the rural areas to the local woman to people who otherwise they have no education have a lot of to fall back to have. for the. here is a lifesaver there's really no major industry here to cry to call me this is a boss. that also wanted to work because the other thing.

and this sector is growing. just one study estimates the market could be one thought to $12000000000.00 by 2030 with $12000000.00 people working at it that's a shadow market most of the money made in not sector will stay with the powerful distributors solution and paying. the money isn't made in $1000.00 it's made in europe. over here we have the products we're ready to ship to places like poland this is already one of the continent called saying we should get out. in 2015 alone exports from nigeria to poland grew by 51 percent. but i'm biased from africa most times there repackage and then sell to walk. on

trees for land is a very big call that by a lot of friends around markets. the charcoal is shipped to europe in containers the t.f.t. organization has seen to it that less nigerian charcoal is imported to france but exports to poland are on the rise here conservationists say charcoal from tropical wood is simply repackage and distributed throughout europe. what continues his search in poland. board all that up forces to occur. we are here to see if this factory really does produce charcoal at all some of the we want to know if all the wood was locally sourced and processed with us or. this is in our previous visits to poland. we learned that some only pretend to be producers. actually imports charcoal repackage it and then sell it. and then they claim it was

produced here in their factory said. today only d. and his colleagues are visiting europe's largest charcoal producer wants the company grease gun and has 3 factories that produce 15 percent of all the charcoal consumed in the wide. the managing director is guiding a tour through the facilities. the conservationists want to find out if all the charcoal is truly produced here in poland or if it's mixed with charcoal from tropical woods. for. the most important clue is a look in the business books he's interested in the amounts of charcoal and wood coming and going to so far he's been acting on behalf of french chains that have committed themselves to offer only sustainable charcoal. and therefore the forest trust checks that no tropicals would find its way into the backs of.

their biggest difficulty is figuring out how many tons of wood the company needs to produce one ton of charcoal. based on the method employed the amounts can vary greatly. now it's p.-l. of these job to estimate how efficiently the plant works and compare the wood purchases with the charcoal sales competition in this sector is fierce as is the temptation to cheat with illegal african charcoal. when the countries keep production costs down and companies manage to buy raw material from dubious sources then they can earn higher profit margins on the import and trade when done by import of the model for them. it's. just. while importers pay very little for their raw material european producers must dig

deep into their pockets for the wood. producers traders everyone looks to cut corners to make sure that i can make those prashad auctions that are forced onto them by the market by consumerism and more forcefully backed often leads to the cheapest would be illegal would getting into the system. the largest producer in europe states that it's wood is purchased from native forests that's a big cost factor and. there's lots of ward what's important is that the wood is actually from this region cultivated sustainably and is so that it can be labelled as responsibly produced charcoal. native wood from responsible forestry that means the amount of wood that can be logged is limited to how much can read grow. european foresters have known this principle for centuries that's how they responded to the massive clearing of forests in the early

18th century they call it the sustainability. of gold from this region. this particular place. from 5 to make sure the charcoal is as sustainable as the managing director said it was their next appointment is with the forester again checks the production books and the woods origin. to make sure the forests are large enough to supply the amount of wood the manufacture needs are you know off he takes careful note of the numbers of hectares the age of the trees and the amount of wood extracted. from the 4 as they plant or they're not rahway. places he hasn't found a bug in the system yet but he keeps asking the manufacturers. quality manager and the forester both take all his questions. unlike in africa the amount of woodland

in the e.u. is growing. in poland it went from 8800000 hectares in 1900 to 9400000 hectares in 2015 that only works with truly sustainable methods. is very pleased with what he's seen here. they have a forest cultivation plan set up for 10 years with a registry for each logging so. and that way they know exactly how much wood they're allowed to take from each plant or do dismiss means traceability right back to where it was felled and we know they've been cultivating sustainably for years. disorder here for example is 60 years or so from your.

word for guilt free charcoal and thanks to traditional forestry guidelines modern technology and careful documentation this forest will continue supplying as much wood as it does today for centuries to come. or. is that still that's still the devil there's plenty of wood right here in poland that you don't need to buy it in africa. that out there is enough deciduous trees to cover the demand for charcoal that's. hopes to someday find charcoal in supermarkets that is only produced from sustainable wood but in europe there are many sustainable manufactures like this one in poland and companies that produce charcoal and electricity on the exception to the rule and so

he sets off for france. one of the most modern charcoal factories in the world is here in the region. the region is also home to vast deciduous forests and yet france still imports most of its charcoal. this manufacturer wants to prove that producing charcoal in france can in fact be profitable. what it lacks in size the business makes up for in innovation. the french government supports it with subsidies. the managing directors were even invited to the world climate conference in bonn in 2017 to talk about eco friendly charcoal production at home and in developing countries. i'd also this word here comes from the forest park east of sun. thanks to modern technology they only need 2 and a half tons of wood. for each ton of charcoal they produce that means they can preserve

40 percent of the wood in comparison the earth mounds in africa only have an efficiency rate of about 10 percent interest meaning their kilns require 4 times the amount of wood. but there. was the offer to open it but it had been taking. the charcoal is dried in huge baskets with the excess heat given off during production. or someone was just set up on a couple days here is proof that we're able to make renewable charcoal. all it takes is sustainable forestry and today's technology. that using this method we can produce charcoal electricity and heat. products at once from one single resource poor fellow they can also do this up what's what makes this product competitive and profitable in europe when he visits he said. this site provides

10000 homes with steady electricity. the tropical charcoal producers can only dream of having such a modern plant. developed by world wide fall where experiencing the deforestation of several 1000000 factors each year or this is so that is so much and so relevant that it makes up about 15 percent of manmade carbon emissions consumed by tate. satellite images reveal that 30 percent of africa's oldest national park has already been destroyed. the wrong national park is very old and has been particularly affected by people illegally extracting wood to produce charcoal artlessly facetious that's a stone. is a ruger national park lies in the eastern part of the democratic repub. congo. the

charcoal produced here isn't export it 97 percent of the people in the region use it for cooking and heating the area surrounding the national park have already been cleared. according to the world wildlife fund 90 percent of the trees felled here are used to produce charcoal. over 4 years ago this whole area was full of trees and now 4 years later all the trees have been cut down and not only that even the roots have been pulled out of the ground. the world wildlife fund foresters are shocked. the demand for charcoal is so high in this region that even digging up and charming tree roots is worth the effort. 3000000000 people on the planet cook with word and it's not just cooking used for heating too it's essential to them and there's no way of replacing it.

producing wood sustainably requires space space they don't have the population in africa will quadruple by the end of the century capacity limits are often exceeded no. one big problem is the lack of infrastructure only 3 percent of the people living in the huge city of goma and its surrounding villages have access to electricity cooking with gas would be easier healthier and more eco friendly but charcoal is often the only source of energy they have. people need to be certain that they'll have gas when they need it otherwise they can't cook it's a crucial source of energy for many people and it will be for a long time to come. the last 10 years have seen huge forest areas vanish the w w f workers are certain the ongoing political conflicts in the region are

contributing to the deforestation here. and this all used to be forest monkeys lived here now there aren't any looked. to save the national park the w w f workers want to turn around their charcoal market and are reaching out to all parties involved even the transporters they ride their bikes 30 kilometers to the next city q one and. she keep. going to some of the focus is because of the love here they say it costs $20.00 and in goma it costs $23.00 and it was a look at 6 we asked them if they produce the charcoal themselves but they just buy it to resell it and it's less shit. the destruction of the room got national park is immense the region is one of the most densely populated in all of africa and the conflict in neighboring rwanda have only

made matters worse countless refugees are seeking shelter and using charcoal for cooking. the world wildlife fund in goma is very engaged in the topic of. kidney and his team hope for lasting peace in order to save the national park. and city since 1906 this region has gone through a lot of unrest that we didn't know before that there were the looting wars from 1902 onwards just over and then came the 1st liberation more than 1906 that forced many to flee if you all that had an impact on the environment but there's a lot of them. in goma the number of residents has nearly doubled in the last 7 years. especially due to the many refugees who have come. only 11 kilometers separate the city from the national park so it's no wonder that 80 percent of the

charcoal used here is illegally sourced from virunga. like in most places in africa the charcoal business here is also a shadow market. the dealers buy their charcoal in villages and then sell it here. well enough that i got a good price range depends on how old the tree was that used to make the charcoal you know what i shall call from young trees cost $20.00 u.s. dollars so. the older the trade the more energy it supplies and the higher the price nike lawyers get i being. retailers prefer the cheapest softer charcoal because they can sell it in small portions i knew some households by the higher quality tougher charcoal and i

personally delivered to the wholesale dealers. just as in europe here too it makes a difference where the wood for charcoal is from but it's also just as important to reduce the charcoal consumption. the men and women of goma stove are contributing to just that with direction from the w w f they conducted several tests and studies that helped them develop a particularly energy efficient of and it only uses half as much charcoal as a traditional oven. under the metal plating is a clay core that is bakes the 1st time the oven is used. the 1st use should be for something that needs to be cooked for a long time that's the case the most things called regularly here such as beans samba a corn fufu sodas i don't mind that long 1st use bakes the clay cole says he also

added up. the demand for efficient cooking is huge go musto has produced and sold more than 80000 up and since 2009. they've even delivered their product to the capital kinshasa. that. we produce a lot we used to make 7 ceramic inserts a day now it's 3035 even 150. this customer just bought her 2nd goal must of the savings have made a noticeable difference in her household budget. the oven manufacturers smart marketing water over straight away. some households were uncertain about how they would cut their coal consumption in half it was that we asked them how much they had used with their traditional style

of it they'd answered 2 bags so we told them to go and buy 2 bags and when they do we give them our start of as a credit and tell them to use it and pay us at the end of the month to use that then by the end of the month they realize they still have one bag of charcoal left that's good bread and what you now call is that in my. one bag or less a month each family can save one and i have tons of charcoal over the 2 year life expectancy of a stove and it's affordable the cost can easily be paid off in a month. at the end of the month families are left with more money. with efficient cookers it's possible to drastically reduce per capita charcoal consumption. sustainable charcoal production on the other hand is more difficult outside of the

national park hardly any trees are left and inside armed rebel groups from rwanda have a tight grip on charcoal production they wouldn't dream of giving up this critical source of income. down lives in a small village on the edge of ruin going national park he still clearly remembers when the rwandan rebels came into his village and turned everything upside down ever. but they invaded the park and cut down all the trees. since then the environment has been out of balance is sticking with him we don't have any rivers or streams and then the dry periods of become longer. in the pool engine that's when we decided we need to plant trees and some decay for little me and restarted looking for partners who would help us in the city it's an easy. but they need it to give us

a pollution. became their trusted world wildlife fund partner he's a forester and knows what it takes to create a plantation. to live if he's sick in full to. settle a sleeve you need to keep a close eye on the seedlings look bland so they reproduce at the right time. the full mystery must be planted at the beginning of the rainy season or do be the last as will be. if you missed your window even by just a few days of the plug your plantation might not survive and they will proceed. with. the w w f support plantations across the region with their eco project. knows the people here well and understands that close contact with local chieftains and

mayors is just as important as a tree nursery. is also an advocate. on the hills this will help us find your ocean . when we would be. the water there flows down the slopes and destroys our fields. look even. even tears houses down. the advantages are already visible after just a few years the w w f was successful now 103 nurseries 13000 hectares of plantations and 9000 farmers have joined the project. geoff a village chief is also convinced of the advantages ever since the project began he's been working to persuade the 6700 families in his tribe to plant trees in order to secure the villages future.

plantations they told her different way to cut down trees and build. the sticks you had before that way we can produce higher quality charcoal that we can sell in goma for a higher price that's ok. i am pretty. pretty soon up so we have charcoal we can cook without sounds. in the lab we can sound. the tune and that will pay for our children's education and for medical treatment and also for food. today he's showing others how to plant trees to protect the fertile soil from erosion and landslides.

in 5 years these little saplings have become fully grown trees perfect for producing charcoal. when they're ready for harvesting they provide a clean legal alternative to trees from the national park. we can save them for in the national park if we plant more trees said the end of the same time we reduce our consumption our use of charcoal. improving methods of recall making have doubled the amount of charcoal we can produce. these us would become by now with our improved stove and we're saving on both ends. of the lid on them on the one hand we're improving charcoal yields of weather while on the other or using less charcoal. the soup 1st so basically we're raising supply and lowering demand or diminish their months with us

the charcoal makers have learned that drying the wood for 2 months before charring it is more effective for. this dense pile will be covered with dirt later and set on fire then to lation shafts to light the pile and it chimney made of old barrels will double the amount of charcoal this kiln can produce for in addition the quality will be much higher if for. 15 percent of the charcoal used in goma is sourced from the w w s eco makana project the long term goal is to raise that to 30 percent. the farmers have already begun to notice positive effects on the environment the grid of course had to be there ever since the project started we've noticed an upward trend reversible the times for planting used to be messed up as we risked

losing our crops thanks to the plantations we planted with the eco mccollough projects we've seen the eco system restore itself. that is good. we can now go back to planting based on the old calendar don't. but 30 percent is all this plantation can cover. wouldn't leave enough room for farming the project has helped slow down the destruction of the national park but it can't stop it all together further solutions still need to be developed and new energy sources tapped into. back to france the charcoal pioneers are working on making their method more attractive for developing countries. lower wood requirements reliable electricity and quality charcoal together these 3 things might be able to save the verona national park.

the charcoal visionaries and. are convinced that all it would take is enough political will to reach a sustainable solution for africa's charcoal problem. without the correct circumstances however they don't want to introduce their method. the roots of. the process plantation programs are a necessary condition for setting up a factory like aus in africa they may have it there for growing share jewels supported by the government or local groups would make that absolutely possible. one particular advantage is that they'd not only have charcoal but electricity to. examine. too many people in africa charcoal is a necessary energy source in europe it's central to the grill culture. efficient

production and sustainable forestry can make charcoal a renewable resource only the combined efforts of governments businesses and consumers can stop the destruction of our tropical forests. quite as soon as it's sick. to understand the world better we need to take a closer look at. the experience knowledge to. leave.

out of the comfort zone. into the crisis on faith or director milorad doesn't shy away from human suffering he demands an incredible amount from both his actors his holiness the artist activist prices for your milorad on meet the artists. 60 minutes. to know that 77 percent. are younger than 16. cuts me into me. and you know what external voice is part. of the subject to 7 percent we talk about the issues. this is where we cut. the 77 percent this weekend on d w. odd.

place. blame . news live from berlin burning out of control bushfires in australia combined to form a mic and fire me sydney which crusade is too big to put out the country's largest city is shrouded. in a cloud of toxic smart cross officials wait also coming up german chancellor i'm going to medical maids who makes her a 1st official visit to the auschwitz death cap she says remembering the nazis bob barry converter of millions of jews in august is a responsibility that never.