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africa. for centuries the kremlin chimes have been counting the hours and minutes and marking changing times india is for those who don't know or maybe have forgotten i will remind you that the times india has changed surprisingly regularly in 20th century russia. in 1917 the bolsheviks overthrew the czar and replaced him with a communist government for the following 70 years. then in 1991 after michelle goldberg chaffs perestroika reforms the russian people overthrew the reds and voted boris yeltsin in as president in the country's 1st democratic elections. now. with freedom came the economic crisis and the 1st chechen war whilst yeltsin

was anointed modern day czar and then his health started to fail. this is how russia entered the new century and the new millennium. being a documentary film director i recorded what was going on around me. this film is my personal witness testimony about the events of one single mum enters year. from the 31st of december 1999 to the 31st of december 2000.

for the freedom of russia all of this was for the freedom of the media. we. didn't win the freedom of the media will be guaranteed. but. people are really curious they've all gathered here. well and shared press freedom . nobody appreciates the freedom in this country. you should move well when you know you are wrong we do appreciate it thank you take care of by. by nightfall all the key figures in the campaign had gathered in the campaign office. it's important i introduce them to you. live a life lesson russia's minister of press broadcasting and mass communications and

owner of the country's largest advertising agency his ministry supervised all the t.v. channels in russia either directly or indirectly. gleb couple of skate the former soviet dissident and chief political adviser in the kremlin in the early years of putin's rule 12 years after putin became president he joined the opposition. mario over the former head of channel one russia and deputy head of putin's campaign office she joined the opposition shortly after the election and died in 2016 at the age of 54. mikhail kasyanov prime minister of russia during putin's 1st term also later went

in top position he was persecuted and publicly humiliated after a t.v. show screened a hidden shooting of his intimate life. that is laughs or cough was the kremlin's main ideology. just and held senior positions between 2002013 he was demoted after putin returned for his 3rd term in office. valentyn your musharraf was boris yeltsin's chief of staff in the 1st person yeltsin spoke to after the election results were announced in 2002 you must have married yeltsin's daughter tatiana. anatoly to beis was co-leader of the union of right forces in parliament and one of the architects of economic reform in russia as well as a close associate of boris nemtsov after putin's fast term his party lost all its

seats in parliament and went into opposition. obviously. as all of this you will. become as the ship. pushing you know. well look. all those we think. it.

was usually. the only company she buckled both of. you want to believe. if. anybody. not a failed not of the clap of those you're thinking nile politically but you will accomplish that if you want to have the will to nibble but that will bludgeon a couple in the doing in the dust and no wonder they get what they're looking at a family owes a debt of. them journalists the state is sure. to detail mostly. they might. still. know. now it bill. we should.

thank. the press conference was great these were great words lunch and take them down congratulations well now we should we should have a drink. with your oh let's have a drink and then get to bed or we should toast who supports your. claim that he wanted to leave there's always why wouldn't it be cool to do that as you say. although washington i. know asked. the consul who will serve us there are no waiters here you never heard such a telling the truth of what you're going to. make on the question of labor you say well we can serve ourselves i wish there was a meeting tomorrow at 10 would you not go to war with.

israel where you from. i belong to the people. what do you mean the people. the people are us the electorate it's the same it wasn't serious and unfortunately not all of us can gather here and some people are sitting off or downstairs where there's no table like this so they're sitting at their p.c.'s mark foley knew she was under oath but their enthusiasm is obvious and i'll ask dimitri on a told you to thank everyone once again has so many. more you can use them. sometimes she says the same goes for everyone gathered here. now so you need to define what you would. not miss some didn't we didn't always agree but in fact which everything was developed step by step little by little noticeable aiming at the result we're currently moving closer towards. the only solution. in the career and you know what it's a. symbol of. so i want to thank you all and congratulate you.

you know to put it at the moment to trust but verify this is your success because there is so much. people in the world that her re already sounds a bit hoarse that's because we're all tired it was a great effort now we'll get a 2nd wind. a simple thank you and see you tomorrow. we're going to. help. the t.v. set in the campaign headquarters was tuned to n.t.v. just a year later russia's best channel would be broken up and nationalized immediately

or it was going to disappear with all the money for our treasury not continually. you. know there you are listening to this because. you know you. are the girls. are just like all that. you could put me to this article you posted a bit of a superior solution to the. issues that are sort of much worse and. even now looking through the footage hi can hear boris nemtsov voice coming from the t.v. against the hubbub in the winner's campaign headquarters i turn up the volume. and . rush was it 5 years i didn't get what you get called you know the cool if you're good at westerbork was a positive distance. you must look

a little so you. can postpone our search for little conscious decision to govern us oh yes there is just a ghost of a storm the ocean will lose interest will work till it appears to be due to the ready working models it is a good service to be included. in the of course to the lowest of the world looks suspicious when you can is listening to the girl who put you in the border of the us you know who she. was when i was there the russians still going to destroy. the dogs of the yet you are just a tourist nicolas are you certain certain new. orders are. that tomorrow is to stretch out for many years in the autumn of 2015 the body of the millionaire lesson was found with head injuries in a cheap hotel in washington d.c.

it was a very happy. and in the winter of that same year off who had joined the opposition to putin was shot right under the walls of the kremlin strangely enough most of the people who worked for putin's victory and stood shoulder to shoulder with him when he was elected have today either gone into opposition or been dismissed like alexander voloshin the kremlin chief of staff and even putin's wife looked miller whom he divorced. the only person still with him at least for now is dmitri medvedev the f. who became interim president of russia between putin 2nd and 3rd times. brought him a putin took power like a hot knife slicing through butter co-opting

a submissive state happy. raters ready and waiting to follow its new leader. the state was as yet still unfamiliar with the concept of vertical power the subordination of everything from parliament to the economy to one single command center was already going into high gear. although the oligarch mikhail khodorkovsky hadn't been imprisoned yet and n.t.v. was still daring to criticize the president for example over his handling of the loss of the cursed nuclear submarine it was already becoming quite obvious that it was better not to cross the president the ghosts of the past were reappearing and trying to make up for what had been lost in the present soon of ladysmith putin the president of the russian federation would call the collapse of the soviet empire the greatest geopolitical tragedy of the 20th century.

meanwhile i went on shooting my film which was now about the elected president followed by a film about life in the kremlin it seemed that nothing radically changed during the 1st year of putin's presidency just details and nuances that seemed insignificant at 1st glance. for example the president signed a federal law returning the banner of victory over fascism to the army. well what bana did they hoisted over the reichstag in 1985 the red soviet flag of course with its stock hammer and sickle and although the trickle i was still the national flag of russia the presidential candidates swore allegiance to the red flag of our old soviet home and.

the new president also brought a new inner circle to the kremlin equal said putin's former deputy in some petersburg became one of its main figures it was said sheen who was seen as the prime mover in bringing the business community to heel and imprisoning mikhail khodorkovsky. would take over as head of rosneft the oil company that swallowed up khodorkovsky

after his arrest. this. god. every day shit out of you doesn't. even notice of i'm going to claim i saw it because all of us feel you which must be i'm sure she's going to do so out of. the news as rescuers. don't move on so yes you.

my work resulted in an official film that was aired on russian state t.v. on the 1st anniversary of putin's presidency and the shown in many countries of the world. even today i'm not ashamed of it in fact it seems to have matured and shows a lot that had gone unnoticed at the time however i am still being asked if anything was left on the cutting room floor it was for example this. you turn on your camera again. about the way people live. recently i was in. and some woman not get elderly but also not younger said to me. give us back our old life. the way it was 20 years ago. what can you say to that it's impossible to get anything

back then you can either recover your youth nor bygone days and. moreover if we try to return to that we will definitely destroy everything. to ensure that people aren't doing worse than they did before better. that is something we can do. it. seems this is such a candid conversation so i cannot help but ask why did you restore the old soviet anthem. at the world and if this is connected with what i just said to me. it is necessary to restore the citizens confidence in the establishment. the. millions that woman and yet some who said we should give back her old life the way it was 20 years ago. people shouldn't feel that they are being deprived of something that might mean. she has to grow old but we have to live on.

you know there. was no no yes you're right we have to live on. the why do you think we should live with this music rather than that. and when we listen to the anthem written by alexander oh yeah well you know why can't we think about our victory in world war 2 rather than the gulag. why should we necessarily associate this music with the worsening aspects of life during the soviet period i mean. with that conversation about the anthem i was trying to find out why putin thought the state should return to the past at all especially when today's russia still has not yet come to terms with it . but if i told you it would hardly be possible to restore things. but it's really important to sense that the majority of the population has

a certain nostalgia. you must not deprive people of everything. this is the moral aspect and. this is what i think about when i remember my parents and this was part of their lives do we just dump it all on the scrap heap of history as if they hadn't lived at all and yet would be very cruel towards our parents so that is at least one reason why did i do. you know the sort of she went on certainly going to work. that produced the divorce mail cobar. picture that said you would coincide so there is seriousness or check nothing that's sitting outside of those areas who. don't wash your car from what you've got a few years ago in your state although i would offer. that it was a kind of pretty. difficult. this all castro under the supervision of the film director nikita mikhail cough and his father sergei who wrote the lyrics for 2

soviet anthems is working hard to record new fashions of the former soviet and present russian anthems well that's again by mikhail koff senior. fellow at the temperature never. seen. for what it is lifts the lights dim. i tell her give me a good bit of. the old. oh come the. cameras which are we can just watch over its natural.

course of the motivation that. fortune. is fixed and that at least she may have moved into the jeff's own officials in the one the underworld were there and. if you see you can only conclude instantly. the fullest. system is going to bill is not good. so we believe there's obviously sure that who is legitimately who. her.

slug. yes. he says if someone. we're going to. teach you that you know something of. an unexpected morning call from the kremlin brought me back to the president's office if you can believe hello you again with the silly camera to be careful the cameras on it what. i wanted to have a heart to heart talk strictly speaking with you but i thought i could take the liberty of talking about it. i do not know what your goals are and i won't

interfere in the creative process. do things as you see fit i'm not trying to impose anything on you with this to which i just want to state my point of view and you can decide whether you use that or not. so about our conversation about the anecdotal even. certainly it's of the why haven't we returned to the old melody by alexander city unfortunately many people don't understand history. and it's strange that there is such a misunderstanding as we should have. been i do not know if i managed to convey this yesterday in what was more or less a formal conversation that i knew would suit that. so that. it was a detour but that he might have let me say the restoration of the anthem when the soviet melody and gives additional bonuses to someone involved in politics in respect of increased ratings or public confidence. this is necessary in order to achieve anything that those that you must be able to rely on the population is

trust. of course you can always argue about the ways to make that happen and choose the best option. what happens if there is a dispute with your thora tis with a president it's very simple there are instruments of democracy a lot of people have signed a petition against the answer not your conscience of the nation so to speak. this conscience does not feel for the tragedy that the people are going through. it was signed by people who do 10 who voted for you. to assist you understand whenever i have to make certain decisions some people including the ones who voted for me always say that they are wrong. i believe i have to explain my motives to everyone simply everyone ups and then act as i deem necessary. to students so you're not afraid you will lose some of that trust by taking tough

decisions that will some with a view. i mean i think it is obvious that the decision should be taken in the interests of the state regardless of whether they provoke a positive or a negative reaction as well as we can only we have to understand that. if you consider you can agree or disagree but you really must understand that if you really think about it you absolutely see you're already wavering you know i know what you want me to say that i'm wavering on was the impulse. no but this is a matter that could have been put on hold for now like the issue with lennon in the mall the lamp posts lead you know most of the issue of the labor code could also been put off. no it couldn't have. been that's your opinion others think that land reform could have been put off if they said that there was no need to introduce a new land co you know what people like that exist to do you think they're less

important than those who do not want to have the old anthem back it would only give me shit you get when you get to. wear the thing all it takes is the art of the possible the art of possible compromises isn't it. yes it is although that's a nice phrase that you can use whatever whenever you need to fill a part of. the room with you said it was a compromise. on the opinion that. there was yes to a certain extent it is a compromise. but it's still. certainly looks like a compromise to comparing the state of the. companies. in the eastern nevertheless these are meaningful actions to achieve a position which you can rely on to solve substantive tasks in the reconstruction of the state and the modernization of the economy so that you will. only get

results you can see i can't disagree with that argument you see we're already moving closer. but only with this argument just because our positions are moving closer and yet you say people can't be persuaded. i don't know why putin needed to convince me his decision was right when it was already impossible to restore the anthem wasn't anyone left to disagree with him are you concerned you haven't persuaded everyone of the correctness of this decision that if you cannot persuade everyone unfortunately it's impossible 140000000 people because you can't discuss things with everyone a person although i think i'd be able to if i could only it's not possible. well useless and no offense but i still don't share your opinion about the on some . pity.

on the 31st of december 2000 exactly a year had passed since the resignation of bars ielts in and the appointment of vladimir putin as his successor. oh yeah. oh. yeah sure. thought i. knew who. you were. when you. were george thanks. for the all. it will

hear. more of the larger. story. was. booting got his sea legs quickly enough and increasingly distanced himself from his mental. vacation. from the phone book with leaks that made them keeping. them in person the rights that we brits of predators that they could live with me write the numbers for the critique of the and put it that's when it got to be a record but i didn't get the funding for the final book. during the year after his resignation boris yeltsin rediscovered the original meaning of the word family

you're just 3 minutes to midnight listening to the outgoing yet the bush and putin would have to live in the it would mean that by the way this is the 1st year that it's been more or less peaceful there's none of the yearning of the previous 10 years the feeling of thank god it's over with here dear relatives records dear friends. stored. tonight. there is your ringing out the old year and ringing in the new you know i'm sure you know for this country. would be upcoming year will be better than the old one. will be better. and yet we are ringing in. our rather and bringing out the old year with a certain sense of loss. nary

a letter says the lord for. somebody. to fix. it is. to defeat the. words. today restore the anthem without your knowledge even the new lyrics couldn't save it. since your. presence redish. i felt this word redish which embodied all the bitterness of this

reanimation of the soviet past also became a valedictory sign for me yeltsin died in the 7th year of putin's presidency. but. so. does the president have a say over a lot of things. certainly the head of state has a say over many things. certain functions of the president are laid down by the law they are very comprehensive and presidential powers may become the determining factor for forming these functions correctly but you probably know as a rule to do this far as things i've been planning are concerned i've basically managed to meet the goals i've set for myself. for those the ability to say you could do it is a trick but there's just what is your attitude towards the all embracing unity of

the nation under the guidance of the wise visionary and just. do what you should. trust me to and i sense a slight irony in your question. here for. 30 years i've been everything we used to call extreme and this certainly doesn't help but rather horrid. to play anything it's all the bus lines monuments and other elements of autocracy is left over from the past and cannot lead everyone but they are very difficult to counter such a mission to. shall we go if. i admit despite the fact that this was only the 1st year of putin's rule all my questions were already raising issues of succession of power imperial ambitions and autocracy although there was no obvious reason for this and if you listen to believe what putin said then you should have had no reason whatsoever to worry

about russia's future. we could be getting out of the car and buying a mug of beer is quite difficult as you can probably guess because you're always on the move you don't. a lot of people around you it's not so. much that someone so there's a problem with the traffic yes if i get out of the car and start drinking beer thousands will wait for the motorcade to pass and nothing good will come of it we should use what you say should use that phrase that got attention from all of this is just the simplest example that some of us put everything is like that but most of. the what you like fact. some of the news you're watching that you yes and i would. i do believe that the day will cause when i'll be able to return to a normal life since i do believe that someday i'll have a future as a private citizen and for that i'll be engaged in some other activity and will live the life of a normal person. should not mention. well these are wonderful but

stay foster a certain optimism cannot be missed. because most of them said no and i don't sense any irony in what you say you'll strew and i'll tell you why would you answer it's very important at that so let's go with this by the way as we're returning to your question about whether it wouldn't be better to step into the shoes of a model citizen should see him on a. regular 1st of all the amount of the life of a monarch is quite complicated she'll survive but monarchs quite often in recent years in various parts of the world during official visits to the opening of senate receive them and i can say that their faith does not inspire me at all or. at least i would not like to experience anything like that on the most any of. them other times this is just their life is harsh and full of restrictions with anyone who isn't stupid yet they don't belong to themselves. in the sea. well that's their destiny for those missing. trees and it's forever is one of the windows

in this respect the elected head of state has a better life than those inside gives you a chance to prove yourself in the greatest need to use you know in service to the motherland with the maximum effort. most of. us do so even when it's only a bit of the same type of my gives you an opportunity to live a normal life after uniform directional duties after the edge over the term signal of a name i don't know if you are constantly being reminded that you're terminal and one day. you're going to listen to which it's just not a mileage look at you know mr bush and you will know the 1st of all have to live a life of a normal person that will and as they used to say in a way you want to shamed of. what i was muslims. know abuse them so that you can address people openly in your new positions that without of hurting your gay as it was an e-book don't eat yourself as one more thing is very important if not it is necessary to understand that you will live as

a normal citizen even if you know that in a few years time you'll be confronted with everything you do with the state in the society now as an ordinary citizen if you don't you're still going to question you know we're going to learn you know. it's a good lesson should not only are you serious mr will it's a good thing to remember that before taking any decision rather than yielding to monarchical initials. that's just remember it's because it is. washed always pops off as a camera down inside his offscreen that age because you dislike of the usual if you do exactly as you are saying you will do now it will become a pledge of those where the future for both the country and you pass nearly anyone's nation i don't know you are going to storm this for us and never goes right but as i'm telling you subsequently i've sat and thought what a rack my brains about how it should be the best you are doing don't think about how your children of any future think how the children of your friends and relatives will live and how you will notice it what kind of country it will be. the

city has moved the group and this is a serious issue and most probably the source of all the advantages of democracy according to some leds i don't know it would be enough one of the reasons why to mock. seems that democracies are more resilient you go vector of consciousness where you are going to you immigrate to you know to what is it is possible to get. more there is no idea what to say now so let's keep our fingers crossed and 2 thumbs up. when you. look at the good you going to get. the other. units.

were put in still rules russia a lot has happened over the years he's been in power the end of the war in chechnya and the beginning of the chechen wars in moscow the olympics and doping scandals the crimea and the war in ukraine and a growing confidence and getting kicked out of the g. 8 war over there was emigration imprisonments and the deaths of those who try to speak out against putin and there was also the price i had to pay for naively assuming i was just a witness life has proven that tacit consent turns witnesses into accomplices so we all voluntarily became hostages of the very person who was leading us towards a glorious future that ultimately came to echo the dark past.

and. lisbon is plagued by unchecked real estate speculation. by historian and the city is fighting back her strongest weapon the label shops with history. it's meant to protect businesses with long traditions from the whims of the speculators. shops with history.

in 30 minutes on d w one. the all. in literature invites us to see people in particular has had an eye to see herself as the kids find instruments grown up her. might object to what marriage is to share with a friend beautiful. you know the books on youtube. do you know that 77 percent. are younger than 65. that's me and me. and you know what time of voice is. the 77 percent he told me to shoot. this is where.

77 percent this weekend on d w. this is d w news live from berlin christmas celebrations begin in bethlehem. thousands of people are in the west bank city to take part in christmas eve festivities also coming up . asian leaders meeting as north korea threatens a christmas surprise that might be a missile test china south korea and japan hold a special summit to boost cooperation over north korea's nuclear program. and no

christmas mass had not spent an cathedral in paris for the 1st time.