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. when christianity 1st arose it was without him egyptian it had only words a new script images with 1st introduced into the christian's assembly rooms where they were concentrated at the far end of the simple hole colby acclaims yes but once the walls were adorned with images they told a story. how did these images a rhyme how did these stories come about. and what role did angels play in the

stories of conflict between power and order heaven and earth. angels on the messengers of the one goal of who no image exists and upon whom no human will ever set eyes people worship gods words words that were brought by angels who were closest to him. they are spiritual beings like him beings of

light. the angels proclaim what god wishes to tell people that is their calling. they were imagined to be omnipresent always talking guiding advising and judging people and so they became a central theme of the pictorial history of the week old western art. i am. christianity became the state religion of the roman empire at a time when it was already beginning to collapse. the city of rome the capital was

a civilized metropolis of millions whose standards of living and represented the pinnacle of human history. the roman emperor has placed themselves on the same level as the gods even today we talk of their buildings and legacies as monumental which also means overwhelming. different baptist because 2 of the christianity whether at life it or not is also an add to the roman empire they were temporally contingents the roman empire had a claim to universality christianity also claims universality and translated it into the commandment to go into the world and preach the gospel to all creation because the condition.

of the 1st images of the 1st pictorial symbols arose alongside the scripture when the christian or a trees in rome was still hidden underground in the catholic or. these pictures were different from those of pre-christian antiquity i'm portrayed angels wearing halos instead of winged messengers with laurel reeds but in the beginning there were very few specifically christian images. i think oh my shirt unless your hats kind of dark matter the antique roman religion didn't develop any dogma and for that reason provided no order to order 1st becomes apparent in christianity for instance in the hierarchy of the angels who we can see as the successor to the mynah functional gods of the romans one of those but continuity and transformation volatile. but what were the models for the superhuman images in christendom were they the heroes of antiquity early christian

imagery has its roots in the assyrian babylonian period with its anthropomorphic creatures for example the firy and winged cherub. but this isn't because if they let it take. the concept of demons which in the greek hero were neither good nor bad the morning demons were only intermediaries between the dead his and humanity in christianity they are rico defined as unclean spirits the new testament teaches us that they are the repudiated and resentful gods of the greeks frederick t.v.'s and then i'm delighted to commission. instead of adopting the pictorial world of antiquity christianity chose to take a detour through demonic beings which took on an idealized human form copied from

the empty god's angels are based on models taken from antiquity and the babylonian demons even their name reflects these roots anger loss is greek for messenger and the cherub bears a resemblance to the early demon. so don't you see this is the suitor dionysius is the ideal author because he imagines the angels heaven as a world organized according to 3 sets of 3 it's made up of spheres nested in each other until they reach the highest mystery on this who's gotten the got. one from the same person can and trump his highest mystery perceived only as a sea of light divine glory is radiated to the world below so now it consists not just of visible light but also of the knowledge of who god actually is this is

based on the 1st level of angels the seris from them to the cherubs who pass it on via an almost visible spiritual connection to the throne of the political masters and self and so vital. and thus the portrayal of angels in the late middle ages is above all an indication of the primary thing communicated by christian images order . the successfully theo one of these are reflections on quo. as jensen how can i portray god how can i portray what is holy and purely spiritual without it becoming sensible and being dragged down to the level of antiquity which the christians termed paganism. thus and because. the picture of a hierarchical order in heaven is the keen to christian imagery order is the prerequisite for perfection.

the 1st step towards a self-contained christian iconography of angels didn't take place in rome in the 4th century a.d. the roman empire collapsed into 2 hobs rome and the western part of the empire was overrun by the goths then reconquered by eastern roman by xantia in the mid 6 century rome became a provincial city of the buys and time empire with bama as its capital. this is where the 1st systematic pictorial history of the still young christian grown as a synthesis of greek philosophy and the christian doctrine of salvation was developed. private not my love as it is of youth as a simple way to get this tired of the high number 3 is normally reserved as a symbol of the day it is this but in the old testament we also have an angel often

a sightly and the prophet izzy kill all eyes are allowed to look up to heaven they see being surrounding got the flick they are either ordered in groups of 4 or have 4 facets for example eagle like a lion like all human like beings and all of figures. are few it is something that was imported from the babylonian iconography and integrated into christendom god is surrounded by groups of 4 figures but seated on him. throne and that's why alongside the number 3 which symbolizes gaunt there is a number for an extension symbolizing his rule in all 4 world least she has an heiress i figure that's also why the derivatives of 341224 were also endowed with a holy systematic significance hives systematically door to. the oldest most acts of christian iconography out to be found in the sacred buildings of ravenna opposite a series of martyrs there's

a series of holy virgins that individual expressions are not important but the series and the number. 16 prophets stand above them which signifies 12 plus 4 and the fact that they are placed above the virgins in the martyrs expresses their place in the hierarchy and they're all foraging within christendom. even higher up are scenes portraying christ's passion even this position denotes hierarchy order here in rev and at the hierarchy is formulated and translated into a system of images. the beginning and end of this mural are reserved for the key figures of holy scripture mary and christ they are positioned formally alongside each of them are 2 angels that look out directly on the view of. the angels all the courtiers whole body guards of mary

and jesus christ. her own. this simple pictorial system became a canon upon which everything else was based from then on the churches became larger and the at ces and jones expressed the unity and perfection of the christian cosmos. in the way it. rangely its images the christian pictorial system took over and transcended the buys and time court order and its portrayal of power and representation. when you read the 38 jubilee eulogy on constantine the great we can discern a formula for order in the wild one god one empire one emperor constantine was an

advocate of an eagle a tarion god a clear hierarchy order this system of subservience this reflected socio political relationships and. in trash the. revenue was where the synthesis between the systematic thinking of the greeks and the christian doctrine of salvation became translated into imagery. amidst the ruins of rome new churches were built and the ancient roman buildings repurposed by christians the pictorial canon of ravenna made itself felt in some time out here in trust their bearing the larger the church was the more imagery could be depicted.

here for the 1st time mary was depicted directly alongside jesus christ as his companion the mosaic still expresses representation directly but the angels are missing. thus the picture clearly indicates that the central figure of the new testament jesus christ the redeemer is superior to the angels in the hierarchy even though he was a human being. the upper basilica of sun clemente in rome was built at the beginning of the 12th century in the buys and time courtly order is abandoned the christian cross dominance the ordering of the spheres still expresses numba and order but more important is the concentration on the christian visual symbols they signify the opposites of power christ as the holy land the center of his flock. the.

love this is god as the angel of peace among us a full god it's a different pictorial message from those of antiquity all the buys and time empire . will. around the turn of the millennium the church order as expressed in images went through a profound crisis of increasing worldliness and corruption the authority of the pope and with it the message of salvation through the one church was substantially shaken. the radical return of the liturgy to the original message of salvation took place not initially but in france am in a small chapel near only on the founding motifs of that message of salvation are represented on it's by centime or sanders.

above 2 small 6 wings cherubs 2 of the angels dominate the dunnage. they represent the old and the new testament which in the language of the mosaic were delivered by angels to humankind the suggestion of a hand tells us that they have delivered the scripture upon god's command i'm not the path to salvation can only lie in following god's work. the snooze system of christian liturgy and message of salvation comes from cluny abbey founded in 1910 by the juke of aquitaine as a benedictine abbey clooney was not only the center of the christian cosmos during the middle ages but the largest and most powerful church of the christian world it was only supposed later by st peter's basilica. during the french revolution almost

900 years later clooney was destroyed as being a symbol of an absolute monarchy that claimed divine legitimation. but today even amid the ruins the pattern significance of this order with its many of the churches and ministries throughout burgundy is still palpable it's no accident that burgundy was home to the most significant monastic orders and of the biggest cathedrals of the 11th and 12th centuries the most important pilgrims way to santiago de compostela took them through here. tun cathedral house is the most significant pictorial example of the transformation of christian iconography joining that period it was carved in stone by give back to a spittoon 11201135.

the main portal through which millions of pilgrims enter the church no longer depicted the power of god but the last judgment christ and the elders the angels that god's throne sits and judge over human souls which in line with the general understanding of this period threatened by evil more than ever. in order to uphold order and the perfection of salvation christ and the angels have to demonstrate that they can differentiate between good and evil from this point on the rank of the angels changes dramatically in the imagery from now on they become the most important representatives of the ruler of old things a god that rewards good behavior. as christ companions the angels are lot at the role of completing salvation the angels are once again the mediate has between god and humanity they fight for god

full humanity against evil. little the pilgrims moved within the great knaves as though they were in a parade and looked up into the capitals with their vivid illustrations of the evil in all its incarnations. the 2nd temptation of christ taken from the gospel of luke makes it clear what's happening here christ's determination to resist heresy and damage. the suicide of judas shows what happens when someone turns away from god the monumentally impressive knave signified to the believers that only god's words could help against all these temptations and human weaknesses. matter at all oh no. home out heading southwards with the mountains just visible on

the horizon lies one of the most important cities of the middle ages the peace of the modern day he out said a miracle he was originally a burial place beyond the city wools the whole complex with its cathedral baptistry and campo some toll was bigger. in 1300. the campo santo was the largest cemetery of the christian middle ages and that's a place where death damnation and redemption played a prominent role here we find a monumental representation of the last judgment. this powerful fresco must have shocked its contemporaries it begins with the last judgment on to ruffle christ who reveals his wounds and flings his outrage like lightning in the direction of how. this anger is offset by the gentle virgin mary

to his left. beneath them is an angel with 2 scroll at high level with the viewer is the warrior archangel michael with his sword. another an angel hurts frightened citizens of pisa towards damnation the faces of terrified and pleading but no one can escape divine judgment this is a recurring motif in christendom in the face of the minds of the last judgment the wealth and grant of bishops and even the power of mana all to no avail. in the frescoes pictorial arrangement the artist has paid tribute to social status the kings occupy the top 10 even one of the angels reveals its fear in the face of

the past and unavoidable ity of the last judgment announced by trumpets on the left we can see the saved these 2 are portraits of real life citizens of pisa their facial expressions a calm and they all look up to the muscle figure of the virgin mary that into seso before the judge. their body language is relaxed the face is a clear although their expressions reveal intense concentration. pieces pious citizens are expressing their heartfelt gratitude for the victory of good over evil . only a bump in the struggle does trying to quality rain these angels receive the souls who have already been saved. it's as if in addition to the widely understood concepts of the apocalypse in the last judgment

a new orientation is taking place towards the end of the 20th century not far from the russian pass on the edge of the southern alps the monastery of muddy and back was established to this day the benedictine monks there assembled in a narrow vault that are a tree. marian bagmen history is famous for its roman frescoes in a symbolic series of images they reinterpret human beings path to salvation they are brought closer to the angels by pursuing their battle against evil. humans can rise in the heavenly hierarchy by successfully overcoming evil that is the message of these frescoes. we see the end jet except sin cherubs recognizable by the 6 wings. alongside them

is the apostle peter who holds the key to heaven in paradise and on his right is a protective angel. this constellation indicates a new link between apostle and heavenly beings man and angel again come closer to one another despite the evil in the world. who. is the most important message those communicated in the arrangement of angels above the almighty in the mandorla in jesus christ appears to be standing on his hand. the real focus is this small angel smaller than all the other heavenly figures it represents the new human who are to fighting a lifelong battle against evil is seen by christ to be deserving of redemption and

thus as a small angel is taken into the communion of the big angels human beings can rise into the sphere of the heavenly beings and can be redeemed heaven awaits them that's what this fresco expresses the small angel is both messenger and message a new era in the relationship between humanity and the heavenly smear has begun whoa. further southwards we reach a place of great importance in christian iconography assisi. in burgundy joining the 12 century monasteries had adopted a strict the organized liturgy and had almost completely rejected imagery. in the 13th century new waters arose in central italy this one in assisi was to be a purely mendicant order completely dedicated to charity and neighborly love as the most direct path to redemption. the

building of the lower church began in the early 13th century together with thomas aquinas francis of assisi was considered the main renewal of the christian doctrine of salvation no building from the late middle ages bad as great a testament to the spirit of renewal as that of the highest church of assisi. it's nave is dominated by jaw tows world famous francisco's but the real secret is to be found in the older decorated transepts of the name of what is here translated pictorially is the virgin mary's bodily ascension to heaven and her final exultation over the angels.

in one of the men dollars held up by for an angels jesus and mary are in friend in loving devotion one of the angels is said to have called out who is she she who is raised up from the desert nestling on her love on. pain jewels profits on the saints assemble around the heavenly throne on which the virgin mary sits alongside her son as an intercessor on behalf of human. that is. what is important here all the protagonists hammond's st francis whose face can no longer be recognized pleads for redemption on behalf of his brothers this is conveyed by mary to her son who listens and gives his blessing to the franciscans. the virgin mary's role in the heavenly hierarchy is in this franciscan church newly defined. she is jesus' companion and on par with the angels at the same time she

remains a human being that signifies that she is the 1st human being to be redeemed and raised to heaven. the rose window in the outer wall is like a final symbol of this new order. the shape of the sun can be construed as referring to jesus the rose to the virgin mary both forms are united as part of a circle that has only one center god. at the close of the middle ages towards the end of the 14th century tuscany became a european stronghold of progress the dominican monks and jellicoe came from the area around florence and achieved world renown with his portrayals of angels.

there's. a man in the conspicuous chapel nicol tona 'd his home to the annunciation a popular motif. the message is depicted in the form of visible was the virgin mary is faced still has a generic madonna like quality but is also individually defined and this image symbolizes not only the metaphorical line between the middle ages and the modern era it also makes clear what mood become more and more important. human samantha represented as emotional and individual beings in the story of salvation. 'd 'd 'd the lower part of the painting depicts the marriage between mary and joseph what is

grand breaking in this weapon and jenny co is the expression with which she has endowed the figure of mary reserving the alkane jewel gabriel she is his equal she represents the human striving for salvation the face expresses humility and dignity yet is still powerful she remains self-conscious and had gesture expresses not subservience but surprise and also knowledge awareness of what is happening she has been and battled with an individual soul and it is for that reason that we still describe her as beautiful. the impact of from and gentle coe's work remained basically limited to tuscany he traveled little his main ambition was to embellish the sacred places of worship for the brothers of his own order ringback 'd. once again the

relationship between the history of god salvation and the world of the profane changed dramatically. the renaissance emerged 1st in tuscany then in rome it was a blossoming of trade and dot and no since the downfall of the classical world had been so prosperous that of course also influenced the depiction of angels. the vilified in rome was commissioned by the bank i go in and built by. it is seen as the ultimate expression of the high renaissance and with its perspectives hole it features a room of tom boy painting. 6

the walls are covered with scenes from the life of an example of a great book 1st catches the eye is a writing messenger with flowing cloak in the form of a white fan giving the impression of wings. the messenger is part of a historical allegorical depiction of the wedding of alexander to the persian princess roxana at the center alexander appears and hands the princess the crowd the real focus that was the heavenly messenger half and half archangel gabriel. alexander is typical of the newly awakened interest in mythical historical figures during the 16th century the small angels which look like cupid's are borrowed from the pagan classical era. in classical times cupid's when love calls depicted

a small voice. the author of christendom makes them into anonymous angels and and celery figures they reveal them. meaning and intention of the miral its aim is to move the view ascension not spiritual. the villa funny siena is the high point of the renaissance this work shows have images from the past pool here a survived into christendom the godlike figures in the hero's return in allegorical form complementing the christian images. there. at the beginning of the 16th century the foundation was laid for the new st peter's basilica in rome it was intended as a proof that christendom the classical era. in

the mid 17th century a sculpture was made for the church of sun. it had the same aim to illustrate the ultimate triumph of christendom. was a successor. whose late work marked the end of the renaissance and the beginning of the baroque. the motif of the ecstasy of saint teresa is a variation of the annunciation also depicted by frog and jellicoe but with danny there was a decisive transformation. to rezone is portrayed in dramatic film many many attempts to make their tangible the mits a groan her eyes are twisted her body is open. from now on the story of salvation and the motifs derived from it were presented

theatrically utilizing old visual tools available that included classical heroes and out agrees. precisely at the moment when st peter's basilica symbolized the victory of christian imagery of a pagan antiquity the latter returned in full force into the christian world. in the immense scope of st peter's we find the legend of its foundation expressed in the sentence and so i say to you you peter and upon this rock i will build my church. the new building claim to be nothing less than the greatest monument in the history of the world time and again the builders dishpan it and down to it whether the immense vote would be capable of bearing the enormous coppola but will. the spirit of the age demanded

a massive triumphant. as an old man received a commission from pope clement the 9th to design the entrance to the cast as some tangent of. the building was the most a limb of emperor hadrian and the triumphant entrance way over the bridge was lined with statues of the classical gobs of victory many replace these with angels converting a pagan monument into christian. the angels honed the instruments of the passion. in their hands the road becomes a symbolic way of the cross all via dolorosa like the one won't by the pilgrims in jerusalem. converted it into

a triumphal procession and the angels bear witness to it with the symbols of christ's passion. the angel. with a crown of thorns was sculpted by benny himself the newly sculpted angel stood in a sequence of statues with the apostles peter and paul who were on it as martyrs and the here to proclaim the victory of christendom. the more easily i'm of cast out sometimes yellow but always dominated the entranceway to rome if people look around now they saw the miracle of st peter dedicated to the triumph of the holy roman church but this triumph was soon called into question by knowledge and science. the battle began for the right to interpret imagery and after bernie's death it was

no longer 40 in italy but in the hapsburg empire on the other side of the house. nancy understood how. the house spoke if you visit the headquarters of the hapsburgs in vienna the hoff org you'll see on the left and right a representation of how austria ruled the world's oceans and much of the world order that didn't be has done since the ark can see it as a plagiarized version of the form of the rebel an angels associated with michael and this is austria personified defeating the enemy forces with a lance exactly as we know it from my clients this fall he thrusts lucifer into the jaws of hell and nowhere is this try and pass clear as in the michael motif of the christian tradition the church is celebrating its own triumph that's why the church directly adjoining the hoff org is dedicated not just to any old saint but to

michael the hero the general of the angels with his soldierly demeanor the inheritance. often than any skin. this full of the rebel enjoys was completed in 726 during the reign of the austrian emperor col the 6th. the michael motif had become much more than merely a central christian motif it also signified gone's forgiveness and the emperor's grand. the church of st karl has the most significant baroque edifice in vienna makes that very clear. it is a sacred building with imperial aspirations the church was intended to symbolize the connection between rome and by send him between the west and the east roman churches that is why it looks rather like the hardiest sophia in istanbul and contains its imitation trojan columns this too has to be understood in an

allegorical way the absolute monarchs of the blood marrow wanted to appear as glorious as the roman emperors. in the coppola is the ecclesia with an allegorical figure representing the one true church she wears a gorgeous cloak as the holy grail in her hand and holds the eucharist over the grail having the last supper positioned at the center of the coca-cola in the patron church of the 6 was intended to signify that his empire would uphold the supremacy of the christian world view. out in borgen abbey is only one hours journey away from vienna towards the end of the reign of kala 6 the baroque painter paolo tolga was commissioned to decorate the central rooms of the abbey with frescos.

even the architecture of the imperial stack ace has symbolic significance to flights of steps merge into a single one that implies that 2 separate spheres can be seen as a unity. religion with it sits alongside science as allegorical figures on the heavenly coppola and they are reconciled with one another. all figures on the arched roof have both allegorical and sacred meaning the heavenly virtues of love and hope are depicted as symbolic female figures faith is shown as masculine and posing victoriously. the angels fill this heaven and serve as an ordinance they seem as though they're about to applaud

the harmonious order the happy dance and. the painting above the imperial stack ace tries to illustrate to the viewer the reconciliation between the sacred and the scientific worlds angels have no significant role anymore in this money. that's the end of this history of angels more than one and a half 1000 years of a dominant religious interpretation of the world with a single center god gave way to an age of absolutism succeeded by the age of reason and the era of industrialization. the angels as messengers of an inscrutable god lost their significance but as advocates for and counselors to humanity they are an eternal reminder of humans yanni not to be alone and as

a perpetual changing motif of vibe they are a central aspect of western religious culture. choosing that 1st job why some say. it could have an effect on your entire career. what should people starting a new profession look out for. which mistakes and pitfalls should they avoid. my 1st day at a new job tips for

a path to success. made in germany and 30 minutes on w. to me. colby promises. never eat at me. from my perch in your backyard or prefer to go to africa out of the back of. a movie over. there because of

it is. something jenny said. this is you know we news life from berlin outreach on the streets of india the death toll reaches 25 in clashes between protesters and police hundreds of thousands of people continue to rally across the country against this is ship law they think discriminates against muslims also coming up a deadly christmas time soon ravish is essential for.