off the top story we're following for ukrainian government forces and russian backed savers are completed an exchange of prisoners captured during conflict it's part of an agreement reached earlier this month that spain ukraine and russia the conflict has claimed more than 30000 lives. and you're watching the news from berlin coming up next a documentary looks back at a landmark year of change $179.00 i'll be back at the top of the next hour joining me. for the government came under pressure from its financial obligations to the international monetary fund but also from a seemingly endless series of strikes that have paralyzed the country. in eastern europe poland remains under soviet rule the polish economy was in crisis and the country was still scarred by the harsh the pression of the words the strikes of $970.00 but the election of polish cardinal cardinal as pope in 1978 kindled fresh hope. china was drained after 30 years of oppressive

rule in december $978.00 the chinese communist party entrusted the fate of the country. he was already in his seventy's. in iran the brutal western oriented dictatorship of the shah was under huge pressure from demonstrations that with tipping over into revolt although u.s. president jimmy carter still so we ran as an island of stability hundreds of thousands of iranians which challenging the security forces and the army on the streets of tehran demanding an end to the shah's rule. at the dawn of $979.00 it seemed the world was ready to erupt. with the food leaders of the major western nations the united states france the united kingdom and west germany appeared unconcerned as. in the french antilles they were unaware

that the location of their meeting was only a few kilometers away from last year the small during both kaino. officially the 4 heads of states gathered in the waterloo were preparing for the upcoming g. 7 summit in tokyo smiling reassuringly for the cameras in their shit sleeves. in reality the mood was fun. in iran the situation had become untenable as international protests condemned the shah's dictatorship the country was sinking into chaos and oil production had almost completely stopped france was eager to be rid of an embarrassing guess they had been hosting for several months the exiled

iranian cleric ayatollah ruhollah khomeini the voyages of states came to a decision the shah would have to resign and leave iran and the aging cleric who they knew little about would be allowed to return to stabilize the country and preserve the economic interests of the west. and i heard that part of why the law conference i think it was there that. if the show. a new column it's such a disaster for the west. all of the saudis and the mainstream of. this started talking about as a big shot at the big fight over the shah which it was not immediately. but. there was this great propaganda strategy and the european media fell into the trap because that image was really too ideal like. almost like a garden of eden

a school saying so. many come a never fail to state that everything he did will be determined by islam sooner pottle islam he had always dreamt of you know state in the sharia law which ruled a very important part of it was the rights of women the family law and everything that was why he had been sent into exile because he had objected to the right of women to vote. on french television khomeini was asked who would really

run when the shah was gone morning. show very. no no it won't be me will choose a council and in this council there will be a parliament elected by universal suffrage. that is the big lie here but the majority at the time they believe it they said ok this is very good the unity between all part of the society together for changing the system. to be to show there were people out on the streets with with placards saying they show left show the show has gone shot the show has left and they very thing and it was just an expression of.

we were in a group we were always in the streets the streets were absolutely packed and there was a huge sense of solidarity all this had quite a euphoric in fact i saw. it meeting. and i was standing outside tehran university with some other people in a lie to watch this and then this man sitting standing next to me a working class man stretched out his hand and held my hand and he said now we are one and the same people. that force the spirit of giving for.

sister porn and the army and the police and the secret police and all of them they were not effective. there was absolutely no power from above imposed on the population so it was totally free everybody was so. friendly to each other everybody was helping ensure everybody was caring for a dog and this. took. i know that you might not pick out more we should see in the name of god now after

4 months of living in france. i am leaving here to serve my country. cynicism it's also necessary to express my gratitude to the french government and people for providing me with security measures and freedom of expression. while ayatollah khamenei was taking off from paris 9000 kilometers away another plane had another cleric on board the newly elected pope john paul the 2nd he was on his way back from his 1st papal visit abroad in mexico the pope had unequivocally rejected the in his eyes marxist content of the liberation theology that was challenging the catholic church in latin america but he was careful to avoid revealing to the media that he planned to launch his true crusade against communism in his native country of potent.

you. both inside knowing people have no hope he was. very many years after the war but communism had been around for so many years the shock for him to life was hard everything was a problem. and a condemnation you had very few believers in common man anymore in front of. people and because people have no illusions. but rather feel that even though it became a big mind over time. but still ultimate force. kept the system and i intimidation linked

to this. there are 2 programs in the polls. we all listen to news at 7 30 in the evening i think. this was a common a strong you know state run going communist a propaganda machine. you know you listen to it just with one ear and i never believe tough and then something in the middle of the news they said that opposes being chosen as the pope. and that's what i mean why is picked up i thought a polish pope i think mainly because not so much of the religious it was nationalist the national. he was received in poland this is my impression obviously leader of the catholic church but as the most prominent people. in the world. we had the party membership card but each of us was also in our soul a pole. and all of

a sudden you know it was unprecedented appalled to become pope and would sit on the throne of st peter. it was extraordinary and we had such a feeling of pride. but there was also a sense that this would become a big problem for the leadership. for the do all those are probably. on the other side of the world a giant was beginning to awaken from it slumber. done shopping have been a fellow revolutionary of mouths they don't he had been arrested during the cultural revolution but was now taking control of the chinese communist party when i arrived in beijing in the apartment which my family and i. occupied looked out on to the great multi-lane highway of the avenue of eternal peace and every morning i would watch the banner women going to work. like so many people in china living

a zombie like existence. once don't become. paramount leader he never took the position of prime minister he wanted to be the power behind the throne but nobody could doubt that he was the supremes rule of china. by the late 1970 s. the party slogans no longer revolved around communism the new slogan was the 4 modernizations meaning national defense industry agriculture and science and technology this modernization was intended to appeal to the chinese people. yes little chinese people were no longer interested in communist ideals deng xiaoping knew this and understood the party had to offer something to unite people

that's why he announced this modernization catching up with the west he also east political tensions with the u.s. and the west that formula was a way to preserve the communist party's rule. you're. done shopping as a pragmatic nationalist wanted the strategic strength and a lot and friendship of the united states in case the soviet union try to use its superior military power to intervene in chinese politics u.s. policy toward the soviet union after world war 2 was basically formulated by george kennan diplomat is signed to the u.s. embassy in moscow. his can scan sept of containment was that if the serviette union or walled off and left to its own devices its system had so many defects that it would ultimately collapse and so we began a process that led to a decision on our side to normalize relations with china the united states of

america and the people the public of china have agreed to recognize each other and to establish diplomatic relations as of january the 1st 1979. the united states recognizes the government of the people the public of china as is so legal government china both believe that normalization of sino american relations is not only in the interest of the chinese and american people but also contributes to the cause of peace in asia and in the world i am pleased to announce that vice premier. accepted my invitation. and workers in. happy.

happy. happy. and early 979 britain was suffering one of the coldest winters in its history. even worse with a protracted strikes that were undermining the government of prime minister james callaghan. september 11th was on a quest for part of his that this really was margaret thatcher who'd become leader of the conservative policy for years and yet and now intended to take advantage of a neighbor policy in disarray so if you ask whether the next conservative government will cut controls and regulations and keep interference in people's lives to a minimum my answer is yes that's exactly what it should. be called so right in the general election of 179 because in the winter of 17870.

all the stripes all came together under a labor camp. there was a perfect position to be in to say this because you want to move because of a country like. this creature or the cold my nation in mourning tomorrow loosely called the british with it's all going to.

with me refuge in the streets. to look at what clearing dust where we refuse to place a wood hospital porters standing at the gate so hospital 30 people were told think we're helping. and the government could let the people they have until they do it to the. most dramatic of all has to be. the bodies of the dead couldn't be about it because the crippled workers are on strike i think from that moment the election of a conservative government has to stop a bull she did always want to be prime minister but she thought if she said it everyone would laugh at her because it just seemed too remote

a possibility when she was a young woman the most famous definition of democracy is government of the people by you know people for the people. not government office section of the people by a section of the people or a section of the pm. one of the most impressive things about margaret thatcher is you never saw her in anything except the most immaculate. condition and it was that men don't really have to think about this and every will read suits. have and that's about it but for women it's a totally different challenge she understood that the men were a club and they would support one another if they did something stupid. but the women weren't and if they did something stupid they were out she saw ritual as a battle she said there's no 2nd chance for

a woman lonely hard to find an example of margaret thatcher ever admitting that she was wrong you don't admit you've changed your mind you get on with it change your mind but you never give any ground chairs that was a definite view of how you can be a leader if you are 2 people really there was the guts thatcher which reacted in a very typical way was sort of the producer of the reason and there was the thinking factor it took a bit of time to get past the 1st one to address the certain one but you had to learn to do it. if you say the thing in her eyes that was missing was the understanding not society's not entirely composed of achievers and there are 203035 percent of people who are not going to be very happy or not enjoying their jobs and generally unable to cope and who need the help of

a society which is generous towards those who are less advantaged that was her weakness so you know the answer is simple in carriage them to work harder and they will encourage them to produce the right sort of goods and they will and then we too will be able once again to join the 1st division of nations don't just hope for a better life vote for one. on his return flight back to iran ayatollah khamenei surrounded himself with journalists a strategy that would ensure worldwide coverage of the event and help safeguard him from attack by any remaining royalists to the shah. the old after 15 years in exile khamenei was eager to finally accomplish a plan he had concealed from the wider world. when

we needed a i didn't know anything about khamenei really we wanted the revolution to continue its course for us it was a huge moment in history i was interested in the enormous welcome he received. and i was hoping he'd go back to calm and stay there very averse that was me instead of people going to copy it was they were as much these people i think i was thinking maybe i will still be religious but you have to remember that a large number of them went and will continue because of what he had promised he had promised coach democracy quebec was the

only for me it was an effect he had so what. was in the name of allah the gracious the merciful in the beginning was the name of allah. but allah rejects the corruptible. happy is the true believer. to the enemy of all its people and the religion of allah. can't keep up a little there was a great deal of laughter because his persian was not very good or maybe it was his own version. he blended it with language from the qur'an on food he was shaping his own image and perhaps that was really who he was. for us at least it was very

exotic that was our impression of him and in a way it also showed us what the people were like to look loose he has told them he will give the country freedom of course he won't give the country freedom and then these people will turn against him exactly as they turned against the shah you know that experience was there was so fresh in our mind so we were hopeful. we were sad cassock torch there that was a fatal mistake little by little happened that khomeini and islamic actually people became to depart or leg bush the left was not demanding democracy. and for various reasons this rejection of democracy was the same spirit that made it easy for the islamists to gain power you gain your 1st one more look it up. then was sowing all over them with ration from certain time that are coming to

remain also. door and also the scar fronts on he looked up with his job. this sawing talking to everybody for the unity of the struggle they women have to wear the huge oil and they offered them also in this truth of the tear on into the most patient who were jews that the veil worn by these women it seemed acceptable since they were all women of the people it was as if the veil had become something belonging to the women of the people and that was a disaster. catastrophe i think everybody was aware that there would be a confrontation but we were almost convinced or not almost definitely convinced that leave with the victors. because we where the revolution.

in the case of course was at the international women's day the women's the most ration was not called on by any political organization. it did not belong to any one it was its demonstration of women searched plan to celebrate the night before they see of march i think i heard it on the 9 o'clock news khomeini's said that women should not go to work naked. nature meaning without the fear more lonely didn't take him seriously i thought he's crazy he's out of his mind it among ourselves we laughed and said another

random statement coming out of nowhere but we were wrong. the fact that women should go to work there was like a slap in the face. there have also been martyrs among us women we fought with the veil and without it for our freedom and that of the people and if khomeini continues like this i who am a true muslim will leave my religion. but we're not allowed to speak for women the islamic government has the only word we women are not allowed to speak. was the e.u. was i believe that over a 1000000 women that they came to the streets if even for me it was very important

to know why they are out and all of them they said that if we don't we'll go but we wanna talk of more freedom more his job we're calling for equal rights with men our thinking is if we don't speak to each other now when the constitution is written they will not give us anything more we're demonstrating not only because of the veil but because of a whole range of far more important things you are passionate based not to have peace johnnie's through the instead of from the west nor from the east this universe was especially from the 2nd day. the mob armed with chain they came against our demonstration. they really. did a lot of their to do this said

a lot on their towards to divvy him and that in the most ration and also distort to attack us with change they had pushed them to blind alleys. and against the wall just taken out their. penises and heading in to them telling them you want freedom come and get it but the women answered today and was released chain they came against our demonstration . they really did a lot off their to do this said a lot on their towards to divvy him and that in the most ration and also distort to attack us with change they had pushed them to blind alleys. and against the wall just taken out their.

penises and heading in to them telling them you want freedom come and get it but the women answered today and was really struck with. allah and allah. a complete they brushed it off by saying none of this matters be a mom never said he was going to impose this women need to calm down it's a royalist demonstration things like that and the left called on women to stop. that was the. the moment when this part of the population realized. that they had to confront a new regime. after months of tough negotiations

the polish authorities welcomed john paul the 2nd to the country of his birth the pope knew that this 2nd trip of his pontificate with be an extremely delicate affair he rived in poland not only as the leader of the church but as a political figure leaving the church in an intended reconquest of the european countries still under the soviet. ok the caller was not a little confused. on what independent national institutions independent from the particle. but i would say many people are going to catch help necessarily because they're the evil. but they expressed. they have to feel towards the system and also the lid off because. there was an attempt on the part of communism and paul until separates the church the sun extends a section of the socialism based on the political done it has and on the cyclicals

. king poll we went in a group on a bus early in the morning and arrived in warsaw at about 7 in the morning. yeah. the muckers i'd been on that's where before at the time it was called victory square. it was the 1st time it seemed so big to me sort of more. losers really euphoric situation people really really pleased i mean it was just something they could never have believed to have happened even the pope this is a thing independent confident he will not be so all of the wedding going to warm their seats and these 2 can believe it i think when the pope actually arrived you could still hardly believe that he was in poland as the police broke.

down last but the salt say said we waited i don't know 6 hours and then he arrived and the mood changed. i was appalled. it's all sunni this new sense of a wedding reception by the fall clinton says i thought understandable given up on the despair from the right about 1st of all our history and our policy position in 1007 cannot. look close to a vision of course knew they had to show the visit because it was obvious that they

could say no but it was also all due so they were going to try and play down the whole thing them to make sure that the crowds weren't too big and so on so it was maybe a long lens and sure less people very good. we've always the possibility to see old people empty places and. so. just. eat. i left. at the end of the homily he prayed to the holy spirit. the dean. you. each be. j.d.

it was a very clear in my opinion political message that please you have to think unification and you have to opens it. you have to open limits which are divide the world and people. are worse than a photographer based behind the iron curtain. from both the just looks like a like a profiteer you think it's not even people but time when you look closely this is the right way and i just really can't imagine if i just time in a crowd in a song for 4 hours and hours but they love to come in they just for there was. anything where they could show the hatred for the system these slogans as we saw booker which means we even got. not sure the rights of nowadays but those those as

a form of protest against the government those are strong. yes will go on year sprog and leave a year to nourish she should soon know each tonight yet new yorkers. who she's asked them about this week me watched stagecoach is. new. story. you will learn your spats a feature. what i stand of you know oh me a suit a. year. old. woman you of any of us. almost every country whenever there's a conflict cherish you have some. country on national specific. and in politics could be very spirited strong given the history history of the main independent

institution attracted people not only because of the little news and also because of people through all to national. war yet now on your hands and. yes. rest on your rough going out all be yes call. him proud want no east. or us law some or stand of janja or schaub you. it was for him important seeing that europe which was divided. it was. how to say way leading to nazi cellphones additional 1st of all he was sinking probably not only on poland but iraq as a center which should not be divided like it was still his election.

year no he dreamed. in your small change for years now new orleans are not all that. good you look at the leeches when it comes to catholicism in our ideology there are also points of contact areas of shared ground that. some even say that jesus was almost a communist in his views. if you didn't stop seeing those images of people praying we realized they were not really communists they were radishes right on the outside only and we stopped being afraid to touch it davey's it. going on this visit as we saw poland falling to its knees. and not before us. not before ideology by the before the pope is going to call on that. but

here's a. john deduced john paul the 2nd was the ruler of their souls. communists didn't let us assemble or acknowledge our numbers the pope gathered us together saw us saw that we were meant. for twitter to call them for and beyond the why this explosion. i also part of them the people say it's so it's only from within the system can you you can try to change it if you're surrounded so you know would not to say good or the only logical conclusion. even without the pope communism would have fallen but much much later and the end would have been bloody he helped ensure that the struggle ended without bloodshed. somehow a few young economists are from time to inform our group of the younger people to work hard how to improve socialism and the main purpose of.

extent of economic freedom and smart politics of. basically the pope gave the word and we the workers working poles turned it into the body of victory which are. never going to drink and then she was going to spend that sure in america he did not mention is going to be given up and said it's at the same time this was a tribute to princess i think it would have to. first sort of darted through movement came into being can expect to. come august and september of 92 there was a great demand for proposal coming from society and the 3rd now that there's only one computers i never liked capitalism but i had no choice.

about sort of each new how to introduce it. that's why i supported it you. know it's a comic book isn't about that that's just what for. the 2 theaters that's not it is the shredder most films are used as we felt a little go thought my 1st conversation would like but once i was done by form and i said that mr sherman our human torch or fallen to comedy took responsibility and we did do it and then but also said yes this is a bank this program but this was a complement bumpus program. but necessary he was the man who actually carry through the revolution i did the political part but he did the practical part of the practice some things are. good. and there is a brief period which i have called the period of extraordinary reported so people tend to be more waiting than normal to accept how strange it is but it's kind of

got us more than 4 year. one year and half so you have to be you move very fast to pop this you just created by history you kind of fabricated this this was a psychological and political argument for moving very fast or iran had put out going out to the irony was that the proletariat had to support capitalism and establish it there is a move to times the focus plate opposing for talking behind the scenes. i try to enlist the support of leadership including the pope. but the most important purpose was on my call to inform hence what is going on in poland in order to avoid criticism of this book because i have many people saying to congress to all choked up with. unemployment. fortunately he was not critical.

vico africa. the bigger animals attract a lot of attention but don't overlook these little flowers very endangered. you can do something to protect them. and. we present 3 success stories from south africa. identifying rare plants and replanting them creating an urban oasis eco now for. 30 minutes w. .

literature invites us to see people in particular. i like to see how some of the kids find the strength grown up her. might. be good on youtube. 50 years of religion is for. people from many different states for working together toward a common goal the peaceful resolution of religious conflicts. no female members or for religions for peace from the middle east or demanding a larger community. in the same old peacemakers stores where we feel.

this is the devil in years to live from a hopeful step toward resolving the conflicts in eastern ukraine pro russian separatists and the ukrainian government to have exchanged all the prisoners they were holding we go live to kid which is gearing up to welcome back its freed people also coming after. a man with a knife turns a handle. new york city into a nightmare new york's governor is saying is it was an act of terror. and will strain his bushfires have placed a strain on.