tv Doc Film Deutsche Welle January 18, 2020 1:15pm-2:01pm CET
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space x. could be ferrying astronauts up to the i ask us within the next few months. up next is our dock film battle of social networks i'm michael okuda thanks for watching more news at the top of the hour. it's all happening. normally news from africa the world your link to exceptional stories and discussions can you and will come to their views after doing program tonight from funny to me from the news of the easy to our web site the deputy africa join us on facebook at g.w. africa.
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in our hyper connected world social platforms such as twitter facebook telegram and what's up have revolutionized the way we communicate and disseminate information to society. it's estimated that more than 5000000000 people have mobile devices more than half of these are small they have a camera and internet connection millions of text images and video circulates on a daily basis through social media making it difficult to distinguish between real and false content the battle for control of the truth has just begun. information warfare is a weapon and a very dangerous weapon if i see a piece of content i have an emotional response to it takes less than a 2nd for me to share the consequence of the very very dangerous of covering a society in which untruths.
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how is fake news created how does that affect society and what in. impact does it have on states the mainstream media social media and governments are under scrutiny and are being called upon to stem the rising tide of disinflation. real responsibility now to be very careful very transparent to keep trust with their companies have a strong responsibility in terms of making sure that their part forms aren't being used to the summit aids or propaganda the risk of government regulating social media is that they will regulate something that we don't fully understand. these platforms pose challenges but have also created opportunities society has been empowered it everyone with a mobile phone can step into the role of citizen journalist and share in real time what is happening anywhere on the planet through social media. social media
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appearing in our lives we realize that that's really enabled us to gather in the streets and make revolutions we saw how twitter a key role in catalonia and communicating to the world what was happening during the elections and the police brutality that we saw. so i was a big city of you we are a very brutal society with a democrat the book i. have a lot of visitors every year so we are an open minded society and for the 1st time in many years on october the 1st of 2017 the government asked the people to walty no referendum just to say if the citizens want to be going there and then from spain or not it was like yes' or not this
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confronted with the party of spain. that called out that referendum was illegal. and. the courts gave the order to the spanish police is on the civil guard to avoid barbara for a day to day golf and old boxers on the people as the courts say that they have to avoid the referendum but without bias but it wasn't. the 1st october i was here in london i was intrigued to see what was going to happen but i did not expect. that it would be
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a big international news event until suddenly at some point that morning someone sends me a message by what's on and says turn on the t.v. and you'll be amazed at what is happening in catalunya i went to this program is like a big schooling barcelona when i arrived there there was about 200 people more or less many of us did know each other by we had organized through words up and i remember that the people called we are people of peace we are people of peace. it would have been very very difficult all realized. the voting that took place. without. social media and without instant means of my instrumentation between people books the internet provides social networks are facilitating the logistics
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that are necessary to organize collective action not only because they make their diffusion of information cheaper and easier but also because they facilitate coordination when protests take place on the streets. they were sitting on the floor peacefully trying to avoid confiscating the ballot boxes. suddenly the police arrived and we could not believe what was happening just what's that there was no cameras or no government is there i'll take my cell phone i'll just start to record.
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in countries where citizens large fundamental democratic freedoms like iran or china social media play a fundamental role. that these networks allow information that would ensue to wade a through more traditional means like mainstream media to flow in reach people that wouldn't have been exposed to that information in the absence of those networks social media platforms higher. than what we see nowadays saw the opportunities are social media platforms have brought us are mainly that they have given boards to all those silenced people that have them boys before and i'm not the only one talking about non-democratic regimes where peoples for social media they kind of spread information but i'm also talking about. democratic systems how people can argue nice collective action on social media platforms when the bullies and read to the school dealings was extreme i'm sure that the without doubt be the no one who
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believes that what's happening in that school so that's why i decided to withhold that video. it's as if the spanish government went into this day all government all the spanish police the civil guard just unaware of the times in which we live the forgotten books every person with a mobile phone with a camera on it is
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a potential journalist. in that we're not living in an age when there's just half a dozen t.v. cameras. oh maybe in the same place but everywhere where there was voting going on there were people watching after that they went out of the school and i just decided to spread died be the oh and i just send it to all my contacts like groups on whatsapp friends all the people who were here in that school and it was amazing because after about 10 minutes that the same be the 0 came back to me in about 6 different sources so friends family and different people just gave give that video back to me it was like whoa that's pretty great fast. social networks were enabled citizens to communicate what was happening in real time and half of the world the whole world was able to follow bands of october 1st in
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catalonia almost as they were happening and this was something that in catalonia hadn't happened at this scale before i shared a video on twitter and after 10 minutes julian aside we can leaks and we tweet that b.t.o. so it was amazing. it was about 400-500-6000 extension 0 reads weeds in about one hour or 2 hours. a shot. at least if i do the same day's different media like b.b.c. or c.n.n. use it to explain what was happening in the last. speech to poke around my hands i knew. it was for sale in the primitive.
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media i wouldn't say social media are the new weapon the weapon really is the message and. the target for social change social media ira weapon to the extent that they help those messages be visible and they help people's self organize and coordinate and and in a lot of action that will make demands more visible in the public spotlight. sundra gains on is by lawn teaches at the prestigious annenberg school for communication in philadelphia her research topics include house social networks facilitate political mobilization and communication among citizens the close is discussing recent examples through these video
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a bet i'm showing you on this 3 it's an example of content that he's published in social media that goes vida very quickly these footage which was sticking with a phone was taken over by beat media outlets and it was shown internationally ritz a lot of people any allowed the message that these referendum was trying to convey had to go global well does remind me off the face have a trying to specially his or her on her on the streets but son his people just i start off the nights the protons beards a social media i think will 1st name my and it's because i and doing will research with a it is a role as such me on of the syrians or lot
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of the are so just citizen journal of the least and a happening as by in weight is the mother socially a it is whole conflict in history of bang favor that privately said oh it's often used to show it injury of the war in that report is can't get but is still lake as so the subject to a lot of issue is that or it injury has whether it's pop get the or whether it show that sure let's happening in those bed so it's interesting how's socially a lot people to sort of or sell for port idol war it's well we saw i was that the people now powerful tools at their disposal that war for the 1st time not controlled by their governments and that they could use these tools not only to you know organize themselves among the population but then
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also to disseminate this news in images and video to the rest of the world the arab spring was really one of the most is really one of the most prominent examples of social media to find a message that would otherwise have remained very local in constrain. facilitated. paling out the project as an international scale in treating these phenomenon of fan page and even though again contagion here is just a metaphor but it inspired out a movement in a political context to a rise partly because these movements emulated the use of digital technologies to amplify a political message. that i didn't. get to indra friend to place in 2017. percent of the people were connected to the internet with cell phones and access to broadband what's up integration. huge into the lonia and everybody was well aware of how important technology and the technological
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infrastructures were for the referendum whereas it in the springs. but the divisions in some cases were of the 15 percent and some down just as libya were 5 percent i recall and not all the people were connected to these 2 examples of the arab spring and the cuts in a referendum are very different in many different ways. there are many sociological differences in the context from where these movements arise but they obviously share in common a lot of things as well and in particular they have in common the use of digital networks and digital technologies to spread their message. i wouldn't say that there is a direct relationship between social movements and this information what happens is that one social media here in our lives it enables people to gather in the streets
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and make revolutions throughout the whole world but it also empowered people to make this information that they struck democracy on the one hand the internet has been used to hold very powerful interests accountable to rally the citizens through the public square in order to demand their rights to film and disseminate clear abuses of power by governments and on the other hand it's been used by more malevolent actors in order to subvert the democratic process by manipulating online discussions by smearing journalists. silencing prominent opposition voices on social media in the last 10 years there have been these huge societal shifts we've had the global financial crisis that we still haven't understood the implications we've seen climate change we've seen huge migration trends we see people losing their jobs because of all to mention people
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at dating much more vulnerable than ever before and so when people are feeling vulnerable they become tribal and when people become tribal it's about them. and that's what misinformation takes advantage of. you not going to get your question about you are free to do your. streets are strict. the term has become weaponized it's being used by politicians around the world as a way of undermining a free press which is critical to any democracy we never make reference to fake news and we talk about this information for several reasons the 1st of all it's because. this information that we're consuming has never meant to be news and
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therefore we shouldn't call it bad the 2nd reason is because we're not so sure what it means so we that leads to some confusion and it's actually being weaponized somehow by politicians and the 3rd reason is because when we talk about news we imagine a specific format and when we talk about this information we need to include images videos mimi's adios to understand the whole problem. by 2022 more fake news will be read on the internet than real news organizations such as 1st draft in the united states which is headed by clear wardle provide journalists and citizens with methods to detect dissin formation and fight against it. so as humans we have an emotional relationship to information academics and journalists we like to pretend that people have a rational relationship to information but that's not true the types of information that we share on social media and the types of information that make us happy or
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sad or cry or make us feel connected to others the visual content plays a crucial role in treating this kind of channel reaction. that we call contagion it triggers a very visceral emotional response certain images certain videos make it more likely that people would share news and information because their emotional response to that content is stronger and there is a correlation between the emotional response to content and then your decision to participate in the chain reaction or join their companion or or simply to transmit that information. if people list reading information and that scaling up it is possible that they're spreading misinformation and that scaling up in ways that it wouldn't have done
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before so we've always had misinformation it's not something new we are beginning to understand some things about misinformation which are worrying i mean if people are exposed to misinformation and even after they're told you know it's misinformation they are. more likely to carry on believing it than if it's in the university of oxford is home to the prestigious reuters institute for the study of journalism this is a mark of us kids research is how social media can serve as a science of social empowerment while also on the mining accurate information being disseminated by traditional media social media platforms can be useful internees the end that one is. in the public debate social media platforms can be used to spread this information information that has. to make harm right so tell me about homes can also be yours to. highlight devices the shows in the public
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a sphere. we needed to be of an independent nonprofit platform after they got out on elections in 2017 because we realize that this information has arrived in spain as much as in the u.k. or in the us we realize that we need to dedicate much more effort some we needed to be very for the citizenship to be able to distinguish between what is true and what is false false news and rumors online have led to the rise of fact checkers many of which are non-government organizations they keep close contact with the media and internet users to monitor and lies and verify information we've basically have established 3 reasons for which this information is created the 1st one is basically because there's bad people in the world that actually want to make this information to see how far they can get how many people become fool with such this
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information the 2nd one is for economic reasons for people that makes this information so that you get into their web pages and see their advertisement and they get money for it and there's a 3rd reason which i think it's the most dangerous reason which is disinformation creative for a view logical reasons this is someone is money relating your take or your feelings are a specific issue so that you decide in one way and not in another that might be in favor of their a view ology and those who are creating dissin from ation who deliberately want us to share they know what they're doing they walk share highly emotional content now journalists can share highly emotional content is their journalists and they have to work with truth and facts. they have to be rational and so generous in content it's much less likely to be shared so that's why we have that discrepancy.
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for me social media is a listening device it enables me to stay tuned in to all sorts of conversations that non journalists are talking about. social media is a listening tour to be in touch with what audiences are engaged on what stories they care about and it's a reporting tool in order to find sources and verify sources and communicate with sources their basic responsibility traditional media have in this information landscape is the fact that they don't have a good business model and they're currently not putting enough resources or enough time in fact 2nd they formation that they publish they have to publish a lot and sometimes not of good quality and that makes them sometimes publish this information 20 years ago journalist enough to worry about false information
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journalism is all about the truth so if they had a rumor and i dismissed it the problem now is that what he and his want to help in navigating the information that they're seeing on facebook and twitter and instagram and the social web and so now jenny's have to actually help orleans's but there are some challenges about how you report on this information if you repeat the rumor in the headline there's a possibility here actually encouraging more people to believe that. the times has a set of standards and processes and verification methods that are largely institutional there's a standards guide here and every reporter has to adhere to. these standards and they exist for very good reason and they're often re-evaluated as the industry and as technology changes these enable us to sort of stay committed to things like
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verification and fact checking and there are built to prevent us from being susceptible to things that we think in danger of free press in other countries such as bribes such as gifts and such as being compromised by people with a political agenda or a monetary agenda technology has afforded us the freedom to communicate with people in video and audio in text who would be inaccessible decades ago or even 56 years ago so we're now able to look at an attack in yemen and get user generated content or eyewitness video and with a lot of technological listening to all those we can verify the geo location of that video we can even strip it down off the internet and figure out what kind of phone or a camera was used to record it and there are all sorts of tools out there that help us verify this information in the same way that we used to verify information in
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the old school way with public documents when we just use parchment paper. john condon isn't all things screenwriter and journalist his work to a media outlet such as the financial times the new york times b.b.c. and that will street journal he's based in london and barcelona and these pieces analyze the global political system i think we need professional journalists possibly war urging leaves on ever before to make some sense out of the bay bill. voices shrieking and sheltering we're here. to try to distinguish what is true from what is false and then of course there is fake news which has been hijacked for political purposes by so many people including president trump it's a fake question your c.n.n. your fake he's making policy and then tweeting it and we've never had that before
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we've never had a president unpredictable and so i'm willing to be constrained by institutional. rules and gnomes and his movies of all because of social media and he can get instant visibility and in some control he's our institutionalized completely and institutionalized and i agree that's a problem but i don't think it's. what he's saying to his 55000000 followers this is the end date propaganda has always been a prominent tool. for governments and other political actors to interfere with the political process freedom house is an independent watchdog organization dedicated to political liberties and human rights its annual freedom on the net report analyzes the relationship between government institutions and the
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internet we've seen that the number of countries that display some type of dissent from nation and fake news and propaganda has only risen every year that we have covered this so now we are at a situation where in $32.00 countries these pro-government commentators are paid by the states in order to go online and manipulates conversations away from sensitive issues and towards the government's narrative around. everything is going ok in the country and making sure that people are not criticizing public officials online. usually when we talk about this information we refer to platforms such as twitter or facebook but we need to take into account that the problem is much bigger for example there are some countries where consumption of news through what's up is
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huge we're talking about spain but also brazil or argentina our nigeria or india in those places what's up on this information what's up is a huge problem we're not addressing yet social media is definitely why doing divisions between people who contributed to this global dialogue of the dearth polarization that you see inside come for is between different countries because what social media does it gives more weight a move value to the people who shout loudest and who are the more extreme views the most effective misinformation is that which divides so there's a reason that populist candidates are emerging in places like brazil and the u.s. and we're going to see other places around the world because our countries are being divided and so the role of mace and this information dividing countries is
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what we need to take seriously we should be teaching people if you see something on social media that makes you angry then be more critical so i think one of the most useful things people can think whenever they see a piece of content is why is this being shared and who created it when it comes to content sourced on the social web the most important check is provenance who was the fast person that created this piece of content because then you have some idea of motivation. the question is can technology help solve the fake news issues i'm sure it can't how or what is the best at something for the industry to the side and figure out and what is the but more effective way to help solve this problem facebook can do that google can do that and we had solutions for similar problems like spam in
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e-mail and they're still spam by that's it's much less of a problem that it was before companies have a strong responsibility in terms of making sure that their platforms aren't being used to disseminate hate or propaganda. or one of the ways around this is you know i think when there are when there is information that is posted on places like facebook or twitter or you tube that contributes to radicalization towards extremist views or the dissemination of fake news that that constant is removed because it violates the terms of service of these platforms. i think that platforms like facebook and google have more power than some state government if they decide to complain for a candidate or to throw government i think they have the all the information they need because we gave them all this information all these years facebook and all
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these companies have more information and more fresh information and more relevant information that any government has and this is probably one of the in the long term these companies know about their citizens about the infrastructure of their governments about the infrastructure of cities and i've people that allowed them to understand better than anyone what are the needs of cities government will so i think governments need to think with a lot more rigor about regulating social media come. so it's not just a free for all because if we've learned anything in the past few years it's that social media companies are not incentivized to implement real reform on their own they're going to need the government to rope them in because their financial incentives benefit tremendously from a good distance from asian story so i think we as a society are going to solve this problem through many different sectors of society
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but i think it begins with the government. who the nuclear people. implicitly people. who. get a good. deal done in the. from the government perspective i think that the main thing is to resist the temptation to pass new laws that make of the government the arbiter of between what is true and false online unfortunately we've seen a lot of governments go the opposite way and it when governments are the ones that are determining what can and can't be said online that presents an opportunity for abuse and also for making sure that the ruling party stays in power and can criminalize what the opposition is saying is actually kind of the real problem here
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is. the social media yes it's true that anything now in politics good and bad is going to be spent on social media what we can do is try and restrict the kind of the pathologies the hate speech the misinformation. part of this excessive trial and the new president president. i think it was about 2 days after that big deal that the foreign minister of spain for the us this because you know several media and he was just talking about everything was fake news there was no real injuries i think by now. many of those pictures have been proven to be fake pictures really i couldn't believe that the former prime minister of spain was telling the world 'd that it
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was fake i just couldn't believe. january 2018 the european commission made a public call so that different experts on this information would present themselves for a higher level group on base information on fake news but the high level group has succeeded in formulating concrete steps to provide european citizens with trust 40 information and to make them better equipped to never gauge in the online environment when the e.u. commission set up this expo group the idea was to bring many people from many parts of europe from many different disciplines to kind of have a really honest conversation about what could potentially move the needle of misinformation so we had people from the platforms we had forecast and his print journalists academics fact checkers simple. to
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make a new film it don't do don't. do limited. we ended up doing a report that has i think 2 very important things that we need to take into account the 1st one is it said that we're not prepared to make a legislation against this information because we don't know the phenomenon enough we need to study it much more and there's a very thing line between censorship and law and we need to be sure when we make it that we are on the last side and not on the censorship side the 2nd important thing that reports said is that we need to invest much more on education and the media literacy how and where should that regulation take place within in a context of international information sharing across social networks where regulation is inherently domestic and based in particular countries so i think there's a range of battles that we dealing with whether it's between those social networks
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and uses and the government trying to censor. all whether we're talking about the right to privacy and the way in which social networks use in share our information in ways that we may or may not agree with and bigger questions about then how do we regulate that in an international global setting so social networks i think raise numerous problems and concerns around censorship crissy control access. for now 8 consecutive years freedom house has found that there's been a decline in global internet freedom especially what that means is that governments are finding new ways in order to control the internet to remain in power to smear old to smear domestic opponents and also to monitor what their citizens are saying and doing online the country that received the worst ranking in our freedom on the net report is china followed by iran syria cuba and if you know.
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more solar social media that these days people are using our own the war is blocking your all including treater face for you to win hearts and rouhani was elected president of iran he promised to improve civil rights in the country including grace and freedom of expression online class according to a mirror cd of the new york based center for human rights in iran not only have violations of civil rights increased but freedom of expression and freedom of the press have practically disappeared in iran. we don't have exact number how many people got errors but i think it's fair to say dozens of people get urs said because of a speaking of their mind on line on twitter facebook some of them are not don't get you know they some of them and they you know all we're using into me
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day shannon techniques likes that in order to keep them silent and keep them it way from the social media even some job they they issue a sentence or she's like you don't have rights to how access to the internet for like 2 years we did is no way you can you know how it's kind of charged and if these guys activity on the internet or not but i mean do you use these men told and take me in order to in. people to keep them silent during certain crucial movements like around elections or protests many governments around the world will actually cut off access to the internet in order to make sure that information cannot be disseminated oftentimes information that they don't agree with or that could lead to them losing power you could say that there is a battle between governments and social networks particularly in the context of
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protest movements way you say twitter being used as a means of communication between protests as opposed to publicize the fact of a processed and to organize a protest social media is revolutionizing communication the flow of information and also how social protest is organized it poses a challenge to government institutions media platforms and to society itself which is still seeking a solution to the problems associated with the rise of the social media age so there is evidence in the last 10 years where we've taught more young people how to be good consumers of information that in fact and now they don't trust anything they don't trust wikipedia they don't trust the b.b.c. they don't trust the new york times and instead they just trust those people who are closest to them and that's a real consent how can we give people skills and tell them to be skeptical but not too skeptical and that's a real challenge. there's no way we can go back there's no way we
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can just disconnect and get out of the crate and so we would have to renegotiate how we interact with these platforms will have to demand from these platforms that they define their role in democracies in a different way and we will have to work with a particular areas and policy makers to ensure that our rights are protected. may. the future of social networks is to disappear. and reads a lot of technology and this doesn't mean that we will have means of must communication or personal communications broadly much more efficient than the social networks right now. definitely encroaching on the terrain or traditional media. you know the whole point of being it's television be it radio newspapers be it amounted to standing in a call or giving a speech is to have
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a political influence on people which means to persuade people to win the hearts to win their minds and social networks have the power to do that to reach huge numbers of people instantly i'm so the political impact which means emotional impact which means because choice of employment is enormous. i think what we need to worry about that misinformation fake news people dismiss it as being frivolous it's no i think it's the biggest crisis that we face as humankind because it's dividing us and as we divide did we're going to get to a point where democracy is no longer functioning and we've turned against one another and that i think is the worry that we're not taking seriously enough now. though when it's really powerful it's like a very important weapon it's just
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a form but you can show what happening everywhere in the world. and you can speed it is twitter or 2 or what's up it's the people who is but we're full it's not the media it's the people. oh food his secret tool. elise doily the food and his art clothes a matter of perspective. the kinetic images of sergey cutting out of the experience the mesmerizing duality of his creations 1st hand. your romantics in 30 minutes on t
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w. my 1st bicycle also sewing machine. where i come from women are polished by this ocean for. something as simple as learning how to write a bicycle isn't. since i descended from god i want to talk adam's bicycle off my home and it took me years to until. finally they gave up invention by me and i say that 100 times because sewing machine sewing i suppose was more apt procreates for goes than writing them by as now i want to meet those woman back home what bones by then 2000 and social norms and inform them of old dead peace and rights my name is the about of the hook and i wore.
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this is t w news a line from berlin authorities struggle to contain a deadly new virus the outbreak has already killed 2 people in china experts warn of a race against time as people there prepared to travel abroad for an annual holiday . german chancellor angela merkel attempts to broker a peace deal for libya a major international conference will be held here in berlin on sunday but on the ground in libya deep divisions remaining demonstrations are held in support of the
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