people for information. they want to express. facebook and twitter today to touch. hello and welcome to you tomorrow today the science show on d.w. coming up self-taught the cars are just around the corner. once they hit the roads traffic flow will have to regulate itself autonomy a sea change. how far along is the technology for that is it safe. also on the show noise as the stress factor.

how harmful is noise to our house and what kind of effects can it half. a sinking city bangkok is desperate for solutions to its flood problem. traffic jams and backed up streets could be a thing of the past with self driving cars. with a computer at the helm they could smooth the traffic flow by up to 30 percent but do artificial intelligence systems know what's going on around them. the also official intelligence systems that drive autonomous vehicles have to interpret what computer scientists call optical flight. patterns of light in official seem to identify objects in the truth. it's crucial the optical flow

systems get it right almost time. today. that's what 3 researchers at the max planck institute for intelligent systems and typically in germany want to determine. this system represents the movement of an object in different colors in different degrees of brightness depending on the perceived direction and the speed it's going in. your car is moving to the right then and then your optical is going look like yellow in the color map and the faster it moves the brighter the colors so if it's moving right up to a really high speed then you see it like a bright yellow thing and then if it's moving slowly then it's more towards the light so we have like a color wheel representation which sort of like shows the corresponding civil lawsuit is that stuff like happened in the video and objects move. on a rock run john that's one way the optical fly are it represents that in yellow. if

you go the other way it times papel. the computer vision system also predicts the 5 a movement of objects it's identified is the current ahead still moving forward or is it slowing to a stop that's key to preventing collisions for example. and it has to do all this super fast. to the computer every image is a fresh image it's like it's seeing the world every this 30 times a 2nd brand new and optical flow is what connects things across time and allows the computer to have a consistent representation of the world much more like we do. testing ai systems involves trying to trip them up the researchers have indeed succeeded at least with the one they found working with certain patterns with certain colors which time the humans play havoc with this optical flow algorithm. the

researchers have identified several such patterns but this one has the biggest negative effect. with the motions. or. if they cover the pattern up things go back to normal. there uncover the pattern and the ai is confused again the colors are not what they should be. this is them can't identify objects or track their movements anymore. but the extent of the problem surprised us we weren't surprised that there was interference they'd already been research that identified problems with what's worrying is that such a small patch relative to such a large field of vision can have such an impact the sun shone the. patch or pattern like that only needs to occupy one percent of the visual field to

mess up the processing of a full half the field. there are people learning letters which can work in rain or which can work and then like foggy climate and stuff but 1st we can find certain noise types and it's like this with twists can be a lot worse for these you know. the scientists who designed the troubling patterns they didn't just crop up what that means is that malign hackers could probably also create disruptive patterns and cause havoc on the roads once autonomous vehicles is a ping around freely there may be a bit of a war going on between people trying to attack and people trying to produce robust systems this is exactly what we see also with any kind of security software you know hackers find a loophole in some operating system they inform the manufacturer of the new defenses are made and then you know it's an evolving system. the point of this

kind of research is to develop optimal and optimally secure ai systems for self driving vehicles the hope is that they will eventually prove safer than cars driven by fallible humans. if the driverless cars of the future are electric they'll produce fewer emissions and that includes emissions of noise. but we're not there yet traffic still creates a lot of noise especially in cities and that isn't just annoying in the long term it can even make us sick. even when noise doesn't pose a direct threat to our body responds as if it does. the adrenal glands release stress hormones part of the body's fight or flight response. our heart beats faster

and al blood pressure rises. glucose and fatty acid reserves are pumped into the blood to supply additional energy. the immune and digestive systems are weakened. over time this physiological response can even make you sick it can lead to high blood pressure type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol and that in turn can lead to cardiovascular disease or even heart attack. according to the world health organization or w.h.o. one in 5 people in europe are regularly exposed to high levels of noise there isn't as much data about the rest of the world but the problem is certainly not just a european one. but at what point does sound become bothersome noise or even noise pollution that's what research is. at the technical university

of dresden in germany want to find out. badge on i tunes so i has created a set up that mimics the experience of traveling by automobile. he's investigating how we hear and perceive different sounds. the acoustics lab is completely soundproofed even the floor is insulated against noise the researches have to walk on a net that keeps the reflection of sound waves in this room to an absolute minimum so sounds can be measured with great precision the researches know that certain sound qualities bother us more than others. but higher frequencies always draw our attention and that makes the more problematic temporal variations are also an issue we tend to be very sensitive to sounds that aren't constant but very. so if a sound or source of noise is highly variable like the sound of

a train that passes every 15 minutes that tends to bother us much more than a continuous noise problem our. sound is measured as a sound pressure level expressed in decibel so the higher the pressure caused by a sound wave the louder the sound a sound wave at 90 decibel say is enough to blow out a candle. a loud speaker also generate sound waves an increase of 10 decibels causes us to perceive a sound as twice as loud 10 decibels less half as loud. the sound pressure level isn't the only deciding factor frequency the number of cycles of a sound wave in one second is also an issue. with humans tend to be more sensitive to sound at higher frequencies especially in a $1.00 to $5.00 kilohertz range. that's why there are

different ways to express the sound pressure levels. d.b.a. level is weighted to approximate the way the human ear hears we tend to perceive sound in easily or double frequencies as are most bothersome. the world health organizations european guidelines recommend that traffic noise levels shouldn't exceed an average of $53.00 decibel zz over 24 hours at night it should remain below $45.00 decibels according to recent findings many places in europe exceed those guidelines. for courts and it was estimated that about 4 percent of all cases of coronary heart disease and that means above all heart attacks are due to traffic noise. so within the european union about $50000.00 fatal heart attacks per year can be attributed to traffic noise.

so it's high time for new legislation to limit noise pollution. what's your vision of the future we asked you on facebook which questions you think science should answer about 2050. roll things the thing to solve is how to increase human lifespan while maintaining good health. i would like to know the answer to more philosophical questions is our soul eternal and is death the end of our existence. dubey and is concerned about how we can transit more quickly turnberry mentally friendly energy sources. also has an ecological concern he says that water is likely to be an expensive

resource in 2050 and so we need low tech ways of producing fresh water so that people won't lack is. thanks for your comments. water shortage is a serious threat to future life on. our planet is heating up and dry seasons are lasting longer and longer. the united nations predict that 135000000 people could be displaced by 2045 because of a lack of water at home. engineers from munich have an idea that they think might help. this is a big moment for. the. plant is receiving its 1st supply of. the startup wants to make fresh water for regions where it's scarce engineer and physicist philip fair

plunkett will be using the salt solution to extract water from the air we're having here we've put our new salt into the unit and are keen to see how much water our evaporator can produce we've tested it in the lab now it's for real. the new process could bring much needed drinking water to the world's arid regions . engineer spend haslemere is helping to test the pilot unit in germany the basic principle behind extracting water from air is a simple one. a concentrated salt solution absorbs moster from the surrounding air and the resulting more time loop solution is then heated using solar energy to evaporate the water in that water vapor then condenses yielding distilled water the salt solution is also used as a coolant during the condensation phase. this eliminates the need for a separate cooling system and helps reduce costs.

and has applied for a patent for this invention. on top of the container is the absorber unit it brings the salt solution into contact with the air. that has us in this us you can hear the salt solution being pumped up into the young and then it flows down through this corrugated cardboard. when you have an idea on how to improve the process and reduce costs it makes you happy as an engineer and entrepreneur. that awful. next the fan in the absorber unit is switched on. either you you can feel hear how the fan is pulling et into the unit. the system is powered by the sun one square meter of solar panels yields around 3 liters of drinking water

a day. systems are designed to be installed on rooftops the cost about $1600.00 euros for a 4 person household. as in the business aspect isn't our primary goal we wanted to invent a system to provide water in the arab region using more people that have a lot of namely the sun. the basic concept is a solid one but some of the details have still to be worked out. during the test phase the system needs to be optimized to extract as much water from the air as possible. a number of glitches keep cropping up. this recurring problem is that bubbles start to form as the water heats up that introduces the end of the pump and then we have to turn off the unit so. now the water levels rising again grated worked up we were able to remove the bubbles and keep the system running that's good. ultimately we want to automate the

process there were a lot of. before the testing continues philip for planned to have an appointment with a visitor from a variant center for innovation and technology transfer. other meyer focuses on energy technology we ask him what he thinks of her as invention. is made doesn't it it's an interesting technology with a lot of potential that's not likely to do any direct harm to the environment but it will affect the microclimate it's the same with any technologies take cars for example from a system might work in isolation but when you have a 100000 of them the impact is different this will see when it's implemented as humans i guess it's. for her it's test phase here in germany will last for 6 weeks then the unit will be shipped to morocco there it will be set up at an orphanage

near mera cache to be tested under realistic conditions. this winter so we're looking forward to seeing how much water we can extract that we need 23 percent humidity in the ethanol system to work because germany we have 4050 or 60 percent humidity so not realistic conditions in morocco will have the real thing it'll be interesting to see what happens with your session on. aqua harris test unit produces distilled water. it's free of impurities but that doesn't mean it's ready to drink quite yet. the water needs minerals but that easy to act by sending the water through a mineral cartridge that you can drink it or not going to come in the sun about there. is an essential life force but too much of it is also dangerous floods and storm surges

are among the consequences of climate change. its temperature. rises by 2 degrees celsius 360000000 people could be affected by floods. or rising sea levels are a threat to asia's large coastal cities megacities that are home to millions. this is a buddhist temple one of many across thailand. what sets what some would chin apart is that it's now out at sea the coastline has receded a kilometer over the past half century. the abbot some look at the pine york takes us on a tour. there used to be a school over there where the water tank is now alive but everybody looked at nobody thought about prevention or solution. the erosion of the land has

a number of causes human activity storms and the rising sea level the other tells us they're experiencing climate change directly here and he's amazed by the indifference he encounters. or die nobody shows any interest when we talk about it people just carry on as if it were business as usual even when i tell them about global warming nobody cares. they're. just 20 kilometers from the coast is the thai capital bangkok built on marshy ground in the delta of the child prior river 14000000 people live in the metropolitan region much of the land is just a metre and a half above sea level. climate change scenarios for c. the gulf of thailand being hard hit under an optimistic scenario the sea level could rise 3 meters over the next 3 centuries. in the worst case it could rise 7 metres. so does bangkok have

a future persistent extensive flooding is already a problem and it's set to get worse fast this. city has been the country's capital since the late 18th century but there's talk about moving it geologist tunnel while their own homes are called has been tracking coastal erosion for decades and all. he shows us photos of what can somewhat chin temple taken in 1974 when it was still on dry land. which is a 1000000 people living near the coast are under imminent threat is. if you are thinking about to protect the ethic of that. that run is foolish we have to think about that. he says planting mangroves along the coast would help combat erosion but what about bangkok itself. there are. people will still be able to live there but they will have to change their way of life there will be more rain

and floods and nightmarish traffic if we just carry on the same way but i don't expect bangkok to just sink into the sea like the temple. currently the sea level is rising half a centimeter a year. and the city is sinking 2 centimeters a year. bangkok used to be called the venice of the east because it was crisscrossed by lots of canals but many of them were filled in as the city grew. the sunset canal still runs through the center of the city. the remaining canals helped drain the area but they're often overwhelmed. in 2011 floods devastated much of thailand parts of bangkok were under water for 2 months. while you're. here the city has flood barriers

pumps and drainage tunnels and work is underway to improve the flood control systems. we're going to continue to have this under control and we already have the technology to monitor the situation no technology will advance and we'll still be on top of things a 150 years from now. at the temple in the sea the monks have to enter via a window the floor of the prayer room has been raised. despite the trying conditions but some look at it on you is determined to stay. if i leave there will be nobody left who remembers what happened. what erosion has done here. or. people in bangkok just don't care anyway. he says the temple should serve as a warning to all that we must treat nature with respect.

mangrove forests could provide some protection to bangkok's coastline. and planting more trees in general is good for the climate because there absorb the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere but they only have a limited capacity. if you're in algeria has been thinking about the alternatives and sent in a question. could artificial trees help mitigate climate change. real tree is own important ally in the fight against climate change they slow down global warming by absorbing climate killing c o 2 through the natural process of photosynthesis c o 2 is used to produce glucose and oxygen.

researchers in switzerland calculated that $900000000.00 hectares of additional forest could absorb 2 thirds of the. c o 2 generated by human activity that could help limit global warming to 1.5 degree celsius. but critics say it's unrealistic to plant a forest on an area about the size of the united states. and existing forests will need to be preserved instead they're being destroyed for example to make room for agriculture. some scientists say that one day artificial trees might absorb up to 1000 times more c o 2 than their natural counterparts they wouldn't even need to look like natural trees. fans like bees could suck c o 2 out of the air using special filters but the world would need $250000.00 of

these systems to remove just one percent of the world's c o 2. then the carbon dioxide would need to be stored underground because the artificial trees don't convert the c o 2 into oxygen like natural trees can. so replanting forests is necessary in any case what. but artificial trees might one day do their part in mitigating climate change. if outlet is right why ov it but only if they. do you have a science question that you've always wanted on say it we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text over a smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. you finest at d.d.b. dot com slash science or top of the line at d.w.i.

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kashmir crisis and what does he hope results from the peace negotiations in afghanistan. why has he remained silent about the plight of the week or so in china and what our interview with iran khan on january 20th starts 730 u.t.c. on d w. this is the doubly news and the top story. well the latest meeting in berkeley inside dial-up hold an arms embargo on libya to help in the fighting that german chancellor angela merkel who hosted the talks said international aid has had a great to refrain from interfering in the war but libya's rival they just did not .