into tomorrow today the science show on d w this time we look at the early stages of life. premature babies often struggle to survive researchers are trying to raise their chances but it all starts with conception how men can improve their sperm quantity. and we're all animals what our doctors can learn from other mammals. a pregnant woman usually carries her baby in her womb for 9 months by the time it's born the child has developed enough to be ready for the outside world. but more than 10 percent of births worldwide are too early according to the world health organization that's around 15000000 pre-term babies who often struggle with life

threatening complications. studies show that a simple method can help funding them. a potentially life saving touch. depending on their stage of development babies can stop breathing up to 15 times an hour in these episodes of respiratory arrest by known as apnea and any of them can prove fatal dr ornish told me heads the neonatal department at leipsic the university hospital in eastern germany every year he helps dozens of premature babies get a start in life that's as normal as possible. premature babies should still be inside their mothers tummies they would normally strengthen their respiratory muscles there and take breaks now and then all the premature babies on the ward are doing the same they breathe when they feel like it and when they don't they stop.

out of the womb without a placenta those pauses mean the entrant is no longer getting a steady supply of oxygen the shower monitoring devices the alert the nurse goes to the baby and strokes him or her and make sure they start breathing again this process can happen several times an hour before. when the alarm sounds a nurse enters the room thoroughly disinfect her hands and opens the incubator. time is of the essence because the longer the process takes the longer the baby has to go without oxygen. the neonatal department unlike say he employs around

a 100 new. says he performed this intimate life saving work around the clock. to improve the care these babies receive in the future already told me and his colleague martin green violet have launched a joint research project they hope to develop a mechanical method of stimulating the premix your babies when they stop breathing . we want to improve the response times so that when apnea occurs the gap is the shortest possible. we can prevent it entirely but we hope it will minimize the developmental disorders and cognitive impairment that can occur during the premature babies growth phase despite all the procedures in place these are still life threatening circumstances. engineers and martin is lending his support to the project he's developed

a device that can be used to measure the intensity of a touch. assist to put this is our doll gave us and she has a pressure sensitive cushion filled with water in her foot it can capture and compare the different kinds of stimulation like a simple touch us or whether she's been pressed or stroked to get into she's used military and different kinds of stimulation and different levels of pressure and it's very likely that they have different success rates and we want to find out what's most successful what sort of calm target how firm is that and if it's a rub how fast. and that's what this experiment is for the middle of. the project has revealed how difficult it is even with the latest technology to

simulate the human touch with a machine. if we can't do it in a manual way because of a lack of staff then technology needs to take over i'm a strong advocate of the real stimulation and the real world but in this case we have to look for other options and compromises. of. technology will never be able to replace nurses and certainly not parents but if the project is successful the machine could be a helpful tool in neonatal medicine. then the building and food if we can improve the conditions for premature babies in incubators and then the whole of society will benefit we won't have as many children and teenagers with delayed development and it's important to remember early childhood in an incubator isn't an ideal childhood the infant survive but they're growing in sub optimal conditions.

there's still a long way to go this is brand new territory not only for research is but also long make it so it could take years before the technology is implemented. nowadays babies born after the 28th week of gestation are quite likely to survive at that point it has its eyes open in the womb a month earlier it will have already developed hearing and has fine hair on its head. in the 18th week it'll have started sucking it's them it can grip and swallow . and in the 4th week when it's still an embryo its heart starts beating. now it's going back to the very beginning. crowded in here i want to out. here. now time after

ejaculation sperm face a real marathon at their size the 20 centimeters they have to travel are the equivalent of a 500 kilometer journey on foot. what's going on in. many sperm die in the vagina because the environment there is quite acidic and the female immune system doesn't only attack microorganisms like bacteria and yeast but also sperm. good finger 7 of fluid is so thick and slimy and that there are so many of us. either everybody. in. one of the sperm fight to survive the egg makes it stately way down the fallopian tube towards the womb i am going to find you just you wait. during a woman's orgasm the vagina uterus and cervix begin to contract rhythmically that helps draw the sperm deeper into the womb. we pick up speed

oh mom too bad the rights over fortunately i have an outboard motor of my own. the a jackal it becomes less viscous the sperm growing creasing late agile. you have to admire my true both 3 d. propeller ed my sophisticated legal whacko. the walls of the uterus help with orientation. and teamwork increases speed. what now right or left. we still don't quite know how a fellow peon tube signals that an egg is on the way right left right. the walls have. fallopian tubes are covered in hair like filaments that push the egg along creating a kind of current that flows down towards the spine. gotta keep swimming upstream.

many more sperm are lost in the folds of the fallopian tubes but those that keep to the path however yeah it provides a little help it releases compounds called the prostate gland turns and the sperm follow that chemical trail i can see it better activate my penetration enzyme. the eggs thick outer layer is made up of glycoprotein the sperm doc with an. almost error and then with a final twist the 1st sperm bores through into the egg casting off its tail and instantly the egg cell seals that cell overhaul try as they might all the others are stuck outside. joining. 'd the w.h.o. classifies an ejaculation as normal if it contains at least $40000000.00 sperm the

organization lowered its reference values some years ago because men are producing less and less especially in industrialized nations. but what about the idea that men are always ready for action not so when it comes to spend so what can a man do to improve his sperm quality. direct healthy male and so you think your sperm must also be in tiptop shape your is fertile as can be right or wrong you're fooling yourself. the quality of a man's sperm changes regularly and not just as he ages. most men continue to produce sperm well into ripe old age but the number of highly moche that is properly moving sperm gradually drops. experts say by around point 7 percent per year. but this season can also influenced sperm production men tend to produce the most sperm in spring and the least in summer

a phenomenon that scientists have also observed in many animals however the seasonal swings aren't too extreme suburban counts in many examined during studies never feel so low that they would be considered infertile. you've probably guessed by now that a balanced diet plays an important role in sperm quality. zinc selenium vitamin c. e. and c. folic acid and omega 3 fatty acids all help increase sperm motility. they're also antioxidants that means they help lower inflammatory processes in the tube connecting the testicles to the vast difference that's where movement in sperm 1st appears. the best foods for sperm quality are salt water fish whole grain products fruits and vegetables exercise is also good for the quality of a man's sperm because it raises testosterone levels which increases sperm

production only up to a certain point in the long run extreme athletes actually have reduced sperm production illegal substances used in the bodybuilding scene like anabolic steroids have a dramatic negative effect on sperm quality when it comes to temperature sperm cells like it a little cooler the testicles where sperm is produced are located outside the body where it's a few degrees below body temperature so should men worry that he did car seats electronic devices on their laps hot baths or sourness could harm their sperm production probably not there's no indication that sauna loving people like the fins are going extinct. could mobile phones in pants pockets damage birth so far that hasn't been proven that. but what's definitely good for sperm is sex whether alone or with a partner regular in jack you'll asians improve for chile and after

a day or 2 without sex sperm quality declines. so exercise is keen for men to make it spam. and so is a good diet. and also regular sex that's a good argument for more love including self-love if you in gambia sent in a question about that. what does science say about masturbation. today societies are talking more and more openly about sex but masturbation is still something other to bu. surveys suggest that 93 percent of men and 89 percent of women in the united states pleasure themselves on a regular basis germany has similar numbers. masturbation is considered

a sinful act by many of the world's religions and cultures false claims are propagated in the name for example that people who masturbate will get smallpox. hairy hands and even tuberculosis or they'll go blind deaf or insane. over the years science has managed to refute all of these allegations. the latest studies have shown the opposite that masturbation is actually healthy it activates the release of so-called happy hormones which reduce stress it helps to keep the body fit by raising the heart rate and burning calories and it can help us to sleep better masturbation can also relieve headaches and menstrual. cramps it could prevent cystitis and even prostate cancer. some people say a jack layton 2 or 3 times a week could help improve man's sperm quality by replenishing their stocks with

fresh sperm. masturbation can also benefit sex with a partner both men and women can learn more about what they like and how to help each other climax. however masturbation can become a problem if it becomes addictive starts to govern everyday life and is no longer a source of relaxation. but accidents with objects like vacuum cleaners and strangulation aids can even proof fatal but overall modern research gives masturbation a big fun example science even says that total abstinence might do us no good at all. if outlet is right why are there but if you. do you have a size question that you've always wanted on set and we're happy to help out and

send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you can i just ask. you'll find us online on twitter and on facebook. whether alone in a twosome all howsoever. sexual arousal causes the body to release a firework of chemical messengers substances especially oxytocin endothermy. these homans and neuro chemical stimulate us in many ways and regulates al bodily functions and our feelings. but sometimes they allow our emotions to get out of hand. and paul are on their way home paul is angry he's had problems at work anopheles awaken relaxed. her

parasympathetic nervous system is activated this works to relax the body aided by various hormones and chemical messengers that flood her system for example noradrenaline which is formed in the internal glands. and the happiness hormone sarah tone and it plays a key role in the central nervous system as well as other parts of the body suddenly a large s.u.v. cuts in front of their car and quickly steers them to safety pulse reaction is also swift because he's so wound up his sympathetic nervous system already activated goes into overdrive 1st of all the lower the body's fear response originate the distress signal. the hypothalamus communicates with the pituitary and adrenal glands telling them to release adrenalin and cortisol. signals

to the heart and lungs increase the muscles oxygen supply within milliseconds paul is ready for action suddenly an old man walks across the street and anna has to break sharply paul is so worked up that he cries out he's in a biochemical vicious circle the more the amygdala stimulated the more stress hormones like cortisol are pumped into his circulation and this makes paul see red . normally the hippocampus and the make below would settle down again but that process is completely blocked by the escalating fight or flight reaction the production of serotonin is also suppressed ok called system is out of control. although both of them have experienced exactly the same thing and quickly gets back to normal the degree to which you lose your cool can depend on how often your reactions have been triggered the more your inner alarm is activated by stress or

anger the more likely it is to go off again. anna has learned how to quickly regain equilibrium by deep breathing that encourages the calming parasympathetic system to kick in looking into the distance also helps as paul doesn't have to concentrate on driving today he can start right away. people aren't the only ones with feelings other animals also release homans that influence their emotions elephants apparently experience grief and mourning. guinea pigs may miss their own is. even flies may have feelings we shouldn't think with so special. now. doctors want to use knowledge it's from veterinary medicine to improve our understanding of human health. many

animals have developed amazing characteristics that we humans don't possess some species for example appear to be a mutant to certain kinds of cancer heart disease or kidney failure at the skansen zoo in stockholm some of the world's leading physicians and veterinarians have come to admire the wildlife among them veterinarian johan upon us from vienna and cardiologist barbara not arson horowitz from boston they're great fans of bayer's as is kidney specialist peter stone being from stockholm their mother is managed to give birth and breastfeed their young while hibernating bears don't excrete any waste for 6 months during the snoozy season that should cause kidney disease but it doesn't. this mean the staff during hibernation they have amazing abilities their muscles don't atrophy and they don't produce any urine they're bone density increases rather than decreases and their kidneys don't suffer any damage.

how do they manage it. for a kidney doctor that is yost amazing. they don't get any of the complications that we see in patients with kidney disease they are no science or stripper oses bone loss it's only a minor reduction in. no science of just grosses and these are all features that is extremely common in humans and we have patients with chronic kidney disease. cats on the other hand both large and small kidney failure is a leading cause of death. a study of big cats in german's use found that 87 percent had kidney disease professionals in human and animal medicine could learn a lot from each other professor barbara not us and horowitz has long been saying they should collaborate more many thought it a ridiculous suggestion especially doctors it's this human exceptionalism that is

a blindfold and sometimes when there are commonalities that our species has with others we don't we can't even recognize it even when it's right in front of us. let us in horowitz is a consultant to the los angeles zoo in 2005 she was called in to look at a little monkey that had heart failure she looked at it closely and tell one of the vets mentioned she should avoid staring at directly in the eye because that could trigger what's called capture my apathy muscle damage due to stress she could literally scared to death. this happened here my apathy right has been in the veterinary literature the wildlife biology literature for decades. it was a new diagnosis in like the late 1990 s. 2000 on the human side so there's decades of experience and insight and loss to our 'd to physicians why. because we don't see ourselves as animals

because we do value animals in the natural world in fact even dragonflies can suffer from blood sugar levels that are too high and among mammals laboratories have the same genetic mutation associated with obesity that some humans do while pigs can turn anorexic under stress. and that they will this is possible animals can't have body dysmorphic disorder but then catherine and i started to adjust and we said well wait a minute are there animals that. restrict food. for some reason for social reasons and in fact there are there are actually fish who are who if they get bigger and as a consequence of getting larger they challenge the dominant larger fish they will be attacked by the dominant fish it can be very dangerous so they actually sell for strict food so they stay smaller. she's not the only scientist who would like to

see more communication between the fields of animal and human medicine dr steyn being good and veterinarian parno are working together on kidney disease. they've studied the kidneys and a lot of there is from zoos and from the wild what they found is that the wild berries have a different diet and are generally healthier than their relatives in captivity overall though both groups had good kidney values diet seems to play a big role in the phenomenon all the animals they examined had flourishing gut flora but there's diet is 80 percent plant based they eat a lot of crassus the berries. bears are eating machines but they eat everything but they are especially fond of beta berries. and i think with the enormous amount of berries they ingest in august and september disc would have messed up all icky effects we know from. this that the berries have beneficial effects on the

boat and on the basket short and may improve cardiovascular health. in the summer time of the earth can consume tens of thousands of berries in a single day the researchers think that the red or blue pigments in the berries known as those signs are responsible for the wild bears healthy kidneys the pigments are also thought to help prevent cardiovascular problems in humans. but among the free living bearers there were 2 whose values were poor they live near humans and may have gotten used to eating from dumpsters like us they'd likely be better off if they have ordered that fast food ate less meat and snacked on berries instead. the. next time a new mission to the sun so you know is scheduled to lift off in february and carry out observations related to the sun's magnetic field join us for that on the next

edition of tomorrow today. by. rebuilding of jewish life in the holy land. celebrations schools communities. when michael should drink arrived in poland and so none of this was there the new york rabbi moved to warsaw in the 99 days decades after the holocaust

and changed america. next on w. . you can meet her at night near industrial complexes. and she's armed with brushes paint and canvas. artist and zuko silk a bargain is captivated by the night. her dark passion blossoms as magical paintings of. your romance you know 60 minutes on d w how much. every 2 seconds a person is forced to flee their home. the consequences of the disastrous our documentary series displaced depicts dramatic humanitarian crises from around

the world. forgetting we don't have time to think i didn't go to university to kill people and i think the impact that hand. people feel for their lives and their future so they seek refuge abroad but what will become of those who stay behind. displaced this week on d w. the jewish service of morning prayer shari titian and warsaw's main synagogue led by the chief rabbi of poland in a minute michael should rick. the fact that there's noise behind

me because the people who are prayed are now having breakfast together is a sign that the.