change the. political decision. or at least give. the people. well we are now in the final hours before the divorce known as brics and on friday at 11 pm london time the u.k. will leave the european union on the eve of this historic parting of ways europe and the u.k. well they still have 2 things in common their power in the world is about to shift and as people around the world watch europe and britain will seem at least for a while incomplete as if something is missing as if something has been lost in berlin this is the day.

by u.k. type a complete. look good. to see this it's a mistake when people are coming to counter removing borders and there's free movement of us what do they have their reasons but i do think it's beneficial even for them over rest of the. group. they wanted to leave and now that we've got this place this with a bit more comfort the understanding and listening to solutions are a lot closer than people think. it is. also coming up tonight 4 years ago when the breaks that referendum a majority of the scottish voted to remain in the european union now a major poll shows due to that a majority want to leave the united kingdom. and feeling that turn out to the e.u. . with our consent tree and it's horrible.

to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin the day on the eve of britain's departure from europe tomorrow friday at 11 pm local time the united. kingdom's membership in the european union will end the finale of a relationship that goes back almost 60 years it was in 1961 when the 2nd world war was still a recent memory that the u.k. 1st applied to join what was then the european economic community it would take more than one try but eventually on january 1st $173.00 the u.k. along with denmark and the republic of ireland joined since then britain's place in europe has changed becoming stronger and more embattled in 1975 the 1st referendum on whether to remain a member was held in that when 67 percent said yes well that sentiment did not have

staying power in 2016 a majority of the british people voted to get out now the irony of history is that beginning tomorrow the republic of ireland which joined the e.u. with the u.k. it will become the elder frontier of the european union as well as the only e.u. country where english is the main language the u.k. will suddenly stand outside will it be announced sinar we have this report on how the u.k. europe and all of us arrived at where we are tonight and this nation will be introduced to provide an end now to referendum on membership of the entropy of the union before the end of 2017. that single sentence from the queen's speech set off a process that would disrupt politics for years. david cameron prime minister at the time introduced the referendum he didn't want britain to leave the e.u.

would all he wanted to bring his party's many critics into line a month long campaign followed that hardliners especially nigel farage and boris johnson sought to turn public opinion against europe with aggressive slogans and as would later become clear lies. the date of the referendum was june 23rd 2016 and the day after this means that the u.k. has voted to leave the european union. and the right it was. the prime minister cameron resigned and to resume a took over as boss at 10 downing street. at opponents and brags that supporters were irreconcilable the new prime minister tried to make the best of it . rex it means brett sit and we're going to make

a success of it march 29th 2019 was set as the braggs a date but it was still a long way off. negotiations dragged on for more than a year. then may enter a u. counterparts signed the press a deal. the problem was may was unable to get parliamentary backing for it so they're no use having the news have it. twice may have to ask the e.u. for a postponement of britain's leave date breck's it became braxton sion and may ultimately resigned. boris johnson became her successor the champion from the very outset. but even he failed several times at 1st because of opposition in parliament and the bracks update had to be postponed once more the prime minister made

a gamble early elections his strategy worked. boris johnson's conservatives won an absolute majority with this about this majority we will at last be able to do what. pay attention now after years of political tug of war nothing else stands in the way of britain's departure from the european union. and on this city eve i'm joined by a colleague who has followed the bracks it saga from the very beginning barbara they's all we know where you know we're very well she is in london tonight good evening to you barbara we've had i don't know how many countless moments in the past 3 and a half years when it seemed that breaks it would collapse that it would never become a reality it's so it's hard to believe that breaks it becomes a reality in just

a matter of hours now what do you say. it's quite incredible brant because it almost a melancholy feeling being back here tonight on this day absolutely it's going to happen tomorrow in front of parliament in the back here talking about the the situation and we've had this wild roller coster off right i've said downs and in and out and in between there was hope that all this could be turned back and then there was another setback and it was a dramatic politically incredibly dramatic and so in the end do you have the feeling that as so often is the case it doesn't end was the bang it ends with a whimper it's sort of a downturn and is sort of a feeling that makes you slightly said in the end that it has come to this point you know barbara when we talk about break and inside the u.k.

we remember that when this referendum the birds the referendum when it was passed in 2016 it was only then that we realized how divided the country was over whether or not to stay in the e.u. where are we tonight how does the country division how does it look to. i would view this slightly differently because bricks it was the point the political issue that was dividing the country had you even have before the referendum you went out in the streets here and you just talked to anybody and you asked them about the european union people had simply new opinion on it they never thought about it because it didn't touch their daily lives as it doesn't now it doesn't touch like the average london or a british person's daily life because it's political issues it's about trade it's about part of foreign policy it's about things that people normally don't really

have very much to do with it and it was only sort of the bricks of campaign that the division was sort of driven into the country that people suddenly found themselves on one or the other side of this deep divide and families have been sort of torn apart friendships and even marriages so this has been the most divisive issue in recent british history and it is going to take a long time to overcome this and when we look at the political casualties here prime minister theresa may she became prime minister promising you know you know what will she keep saying breaks it means briggs' it but in the end breaks it meant for her a tenure at the top of power that was cut very short would you say she's the biggest political casualty in u.k. politics because it breaks. i would like to add david cameron to that because it was his foolhardiness because he wanted to sort of heal the divisions within the

conservative party that he is sort of came up was this referendum at all it was it was unnecessary he would never he should never have done it if you look if you look at it and it ended his career right there and it made him into a political non-person and then of course as you said theresa may was the 2nd big casualty of bricks and she came out so confidently but she didn't have a majority in parliament and parliament looked so different than because now if we see it now the people in there it's been purged of people who are standing up for europe and who said the european union is a good thing it's a completely different tory party you find there who has the power in westminster now then went to reason may came up and so she mishandled many things but she also of course was a victim off a very dire situation and off the deep division within the country and she sort of

left without having achieved anything at tripped over her own feet tripped over her own feet maybe one day she'll walk into the studio because i would love to talk with her what about the european union. we know it struggled as well how hard has it been for the the e.u. to let the u.k. go. it's been hard and if you think the sentiments we heard during the last days where so many european politicians present micron land to new commission president of course and if we think back to the last president to drunk load younker the people in brussels when they said we we never want to this and it's really it's sort of tearing us apart and it's of really emotional saying it's the truth it's not only big words but it is also the truth because of course. the european for a big member state like britain to be leaving it something that has never happened

before and nobody ever thought it possible nobody ever believed that this could happen that a country would turn around and sort of tear itself away and it's so it's an extension moment and it's worse than a divorce maybe it is it is like like losing a member of your family and the whole the ideological part of it the rational part of it the sort of negative side all the bad words that we've heard against europe and the european union are making this even more difficult you know we thought we were friends and then we found out that we could even be enemies and that is a political experience that nobody really thought would would ever happen well let's hope that. is true in this case that time heals all wounds we will start finding el beginning tomorrow at 11 pm london time or prevail in london on this bridge city evas always barbara good talking with you thank you.

well if you travel to glasgow or the highlands of scotland chances are you'll hear the locals talking about what could be the next brags that break up when the u.k. leaves the european union tomorrow the people of scotland will be doing what most of them voted against the only way to stay in the e.u. would now be to exit the u.k. a new e.u. gov opinion survey shows for the 1st time in years that 51 percent a majority believe the time has come for scottish independence you don't use u.k. correspondent very good mass reports. in the capital at more than 70 percent voted to remain in the e.u. . as did most members of the wild once. these hardy winter i'll to swim as a staunch supporters of you and the furious that scotland is being tricked out of

you. that you need nerd and feeling that would be turned out of the e.u. . without her consent tree and it's horrible and says we don't start off england and unfortunately go into england now and. yes give us our independence he can we can look after ourselves the s.n.p. is scotland's leading political party it's calling for open borders with england scotland's top trading partner as well as an independent scotland rejoining the e.u. . we have had a lot of extremely generous and friendly overtures from other european governments saying that if things pan out britain leaves the european union and scotland takes political control of its own affairs then scotland would be welcome in the european

union but that would require a new era for. and among scottish independence something the conservative government in london is keen to avoid. that referendum was a once in a lifetime once in a generation of it happened only 5 years ago rather than spending all our time as politicians going over and over having referendum after a from them after referendum well i don't see any but the scottish nationalists i'm not about to back down they may protest this in glasgow have renewed calls for independence. from. the conservative government may have a majority in the union parliament in westminster but it's a mandate stops at the scottish border it's a challenge for the prime minister and a challenge for the conservative government every time they say no a few more people of scotland say yes. a strong will and plenty of stamina that's what the scottish nationalists need to push their course forward perhaps the winter

swimming can provide some inspiration. well it is difficult to predict what breaks it will bring for the future of scotland in the u.k. but as my next guest writes in her new book that does not mean that we should ignore the possible consequences in her book the optimist telescopes thinking ahead in a reckless age bina because raman combines her skills as a journalist and scientist to argue why now is the time for humanity to end its addiction to short term thinking and to embrace the ability to think into the future to plan ahead before it's too late. now bina was a climate change advisor in the obama administration and she now teaches science technology and society she's also editor of the balls to globe's editorial page said roy that's right has anyone ever told you you were impressive or very kind is

your to your not so unimpressive yourself and thank you love you it's good to have you on the show thanks so much for having me you're the perfect person to have on the show on this brigs it eed the break up of the u.k. scottish independence are those the consequences of brigs that were not considered or perhaps were simply ignored 4 years ago when the when the referendum was whom i think we're seeing failures of imagination on multiple levels and failures of imagination actually do contribute to some of the ways in which we don't plan ahead and our inability to plan ahead often so there's a failure on the imagination certainly of of the voters when that referendum came up for breaks it to really think through what the negative scenarios might look like when the u.k. leaves or even what this long period of consternation around negotiating that exit would look like i think many of the voters if you look at the polls more recently

maybe would have changed their vote if they could have anticipated how it would really. tear apart the fat of some of the fabric of british politics i think the other level of failure of imagination is on the part of the e.u. to really chart a vision for what a unified europe looks like to define that culturally and not just economically not just to the currency but to really paint that picture because when we try to plan for the future we're facing the fact that everything that's me immediately taken with our senses that's true for us as individuals it's too true for us is the orders it's true for us it's leaders and if we don't have a sort of picture of what the future we're planning for looks like and how it will feel and look it's so easy to privilege the present so i think on the other hand the bricks the tears the national fraud. you know we had a very vivid picture an independent frightened a sort of return in the stall for an experienced lived past and many things experience especially the older generation and so i think that was more powerful

a little estate in the u.k. for a moment the guardian newspaper has become this week the 1st major news outlet to announce that will no longer run advertisement from fossil fuel companies which means no longer taking in ad revenue from fossil fuel companies and i mean it's it's a big decision they say it's a tough enough environment we know for newspapers at the moment to say no to any type of revenue what are your thoughts about this well you know i have to be careful here because of course i'm out a newspaper a new sensation now that hasn't made such strong profit proclamation reading my mind there now and i think it's a powerful thing to do to say we don't want to feel it ourselves with these companies because they represent and you know sort of an industry set of activities we disagree with you know so i commend to every the guardian figured out that calculus and figured out that this wasn't going to cost them there and you know the sort of major source of revenue i don't know what that calculation is at every

newspaper and i think it's a really tough thing to do here we are in a time where the 4th estate is threatened we really need viable journalism we're seeing misinformation for that matter the brags that referendum is a great example of how misinformation campaigns and sort of shoddy journalism report polarized journalism or ads on facebook can lead people astray and in times like this i think we do need to think about what those revenue models are going to be and to be too pure about the ads are willing to take could could be difficult for some news organizations so talking about it the boston globe or the i you know i actually don't know the answer to that specifically on fossil fuel companies i don't see us running a lot of fossil fuel ads and certainly we're more subscription model so we don't have as many conflicts like those that we do try to build value for. ivers we have a sort of you know you can read one piece every 90 days before you hit that pay wall in syria now it's frustrating for folks but people have to make but yeah and the journalism we crave we try to make really deeper and different than what you

can get on buzz feed or other more address and moderate journalists let's talk about what's happening around the world right now and that is this new strain of the corona virus china has what major cities in the last we know flights into and out of china have been canceled by several airlines how do you grade the response of the w.h.o. you know tonight they declared worldwide health emergency i mean has there been adequate planning in the years following the sars outbreak that we saw or was it 2003 i think it will yes and no so one thing you're saying is that the recent memory of sars 2002 i mean for china in particular you're saying the ways in which that experience has shaped the chinese response to kind of virus and i'll give an example so during sars it took about 3 months for the chinese government to report to the world health organization w.h.o. the these cases were coming to this outbreak was happening and that actually contributed to it spreading sure either in this case it was less than a month before the chinese government reported those cases of the current virus to

the w.h.o. the other thing i've done is be more transparent about the science and the monitoring of the virus itself so they basically opened up released the genome based sorry release the virus to be studied by scientists to sequence the genomes that back it happened really quickly so the virus could be monitored for how it might mutate how it's spreading it's not built in the vaccine right exactly and now there's a vaccine under development so i think a lot of those things are very positive on the other hand if you look at factors like in the u.s. the fact that the pin demick response office which was basically created around the ebola happy jemmett has been slashed out of by the trumpet ministration or that the c.d.c. funding for containing and detecting outbreaks is the leap from animals to. humans abroad has been cut significantly in the number of countries they're even monitoring for such leaps have been reduced dramatically i think in many ways a lot of our institutions are ill prepared for this it's

a very positive development i think that the world health organization has declared the public health emergency it's a bit of a blunt instrument it's not to say ok everybody panic now but what it does is it gives director general the tools to influence how companies respond and some of that is telling because those countries not to do trade bans for example not to over react with age ok so. before we run out of time i have to ask you this too we're going to switch gears a little bit i want to go back to the profession journalism and the dangers of journalism which includes the united states the committee to protect journalists just began offering a journalist safety kit ahead of the 2020 presidential kid and for the editors of the checklist i want to read this to you the checklist these 2 questions joe's the role of profile of any journalist on assignment put them at more risk the role of being a journalist in itself can be risky will the journalist be working alone with the risk for solo assignments can be considerably greater this is in 21st century

america i now and here we are we think about journalists being threatened when they go to the congo or saudi arabia or under repressive regimes around the world and here we are in a situation where our own secretary of state in the us has yes this from pay i was behind me. has basically intimidated and bully national public radio reporter of very high repute just for asking a legitimate question asking a legitimate question showed her a blank map 1st of all who has a blank map in their office of the world i don't know an answer to point to ukraine and then she of course did and then he claimed it was bangladesh of and then the reaction of the white house after the fact i think it's really telling in the way that they're putting out these statements that are senshi trying to undermine her and undermine national public radio the president's tweeting saying national public radio should be defunded these are incredible. incredibly destructive to the norms and sort of divisions and respect for the press that have

existed under past administrations and i think what we're learning is that these kinds of norms that uphold our democracy that make it possible for citizens to get impartial information and make us able to vote fairly that these norms can are only as good as the people we elect into public office unfortunately producers tell me we're out of time. but it's not you but it's fascinating talking with you coming in and. sharing your insights tonight and we'll look forward to your new book as well thank you so much frank pleasure thank you for the days almost done the conversation it continues online to find us on twitter at d w news you can follow me if you use the hash tag the day and remember whatever happens between now and then tomorrow is another day we'll see the numbers.

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