edge of legality with tremendous health hazards like a train. in 55 minutes to. most girls who could ever know for sure that it was ours we are going to be. in support. of all. the debris we're. hello and welcome to tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. the lights of our lives. born is no sun no life we explore the fascinating and at times destructive forces in the star at the heart of our solar system and look at our scientists are trying to improve

solar weather predictions. arms stables and the healing powers that lurk in the air scientists think they found a cure for allergies and it might just have a lot to do with cow urine. is there a way to harness the phonic that in medicine also on this show. could soon face it feels to be the best way to achieve carbon neutral comes thanks for joining us. it proves the rhythms of our lives. provides. helps our bodies produce essential that indeed. it makes the food that we rely on for nourishment grow. and plays a vital role in the production of the oxygen we breathe. without the sun there been no life on earth but in fact. it's just

a very average stuff. our sun is a huge ball of electrically charged gas. at star amateurs over a 100 times that of ours and in. spots regularly appear on its surface they show up darker on telescopes because they're cooler than the surrounding area. looking at it in the ultraviolet spectrum reveals powerful eruptions with loops of hot plasma shooting out from the surface. the sun's core is a furnace converting hydrogen into helium it takes more than 100000 years for the radiation produced to reach the sun's surface. the temperature there is $6000.00 degrees celcius for a cooler than the sun's atmosphere at

a 1000000 degrees the corona can be seen with the naked eye during a total eclipse. our sun has been shining bright for around 4 and a half 1000000000 years despite its spectacular characteristics it's just another normal star like countless others in the milky way. once its hydrogen has completely burned out the sun will expand and become what's known as a red giant by then it will have turned earth into a dead planet. since time immemorial human beings have understood the key role played by our sun it provides the earth with heat and light the sun the rich diversity of life on earth would never have developed. different peoples throughout human history have worshipped the sun and brought sacrificial gifts to win its favor. the sun also marks the

progression from morning till night its course is a more accurate measure of days than the moon and of the seasons. in this way it served humanity as a compass in time and. in the 16th century polish astronomer nicholas copernicus placed the sun rather than the earth at the center of the universe that led to it. shift in thinking and sober physics took on a new significance. but we have to wait for human made satellites to reveal just how influential our sun earth is it ejects of steady stream of charged particles into space known as the soul room where. at the edges of our solar system this stream forms an enormous protective bubble that shields earth and the other planets from cosmic radiation emitted by the rest of the milky way.

these solar wind can protect us but they can also be destructive. when massive spikes of radiation emitted by the sun reach the earth they not only pose a danger to the satellites in orbit. they can cause entire college credits to collapse . the northern from vinay 859 there was a huge solar flare a massive eruption from the sun the only electrical system in place then was the telegraph and it broke down. and the telegraph is relatively robust compared to the microchips that we know use all over the place in space and airplanes but if there's another flare like that and we don't know how often they occur then we have no idea what it would do but we do know it would have

a much greater impact today. to help them predict storms on the sun european researches have to develop the new solo over to assess and i that will soon launch into space its mission to report back to earth with a soldier with a full cost. full of the tybee island and solar storms we see on the sun a caused by relatively small structures in its magnetic field that's why solar researches want to examine it with as much press. it's possible they hope that will tell them how and when such storms begin to brew to do that so let's set a light has to get as close as possible to the sun and observe it with several different telescopes. with them so. with the solar orbiter we'll be able to resolve structures about 150 kilometers in a size that doesn't seem exactly small but you have to remember that the sun is one

of a half 1000000 kilometers in diameter so that's really quite a small area of it. every time it approaches the sun the solar will be exposed to 10 times the radiation striking a satellite in earth orbit that much radiation could easily blind its many detectives. to prevent that the design is built tailored protective windows they will allow only the frequencies of radiation through that the research is want to see. this window has been developed to protect one of the most important instruments on board which was built by solar research at the max planck institute in the german city of getting on its job is to track the visible surface of the sun what's called the photo sphere in great detail and at the same time map its magnetic field among other abilities the device can determine how powerful the field is and in which directions it stretches the solar researches in charge of the

project can even use it to peer into the interior of a star. full of sound waves that come all the way up to one surface there we can detect and measure them through fluctuations in their speed and that allows us to trace the path they took inside. these glimpses into the inner life of the sun are important for the researches because that's where the magnetic fields arise that cause dangerous solar storms. the solar will also examine the sun's atmosphere which is made up of several different layers. it's telescopes can measure data from a number of frequencies and the visible spectrum as well as x. rays and ultraviolet light.

there are searches will be able to combine the images in different waves that will provide new insights into the. and processes at work. has been explicitly designed to look at as many different layers as possible we want to understand how they're coupled together and what physical force connects these different layers to each other and that's a form that's. the solo over so it will work in tandem with an american person that will approach even closer in the sun both platforms will provide data on the solar wind they should be able to show how the electrically charged particles that make it up change as they leave the sun behind. researches are hoping that the solar will provide unprecedented insights into the sun and its magnetic field they'll be able to observe tybee island areas of it for longer than ever before. that's because as the probe approaches our star it's all bit will be sinked to the sun's

own rotation. after 7 years of observations the solar will focus on the poles they play a critical role in the formation of the sun's magnetic fields and they've never been studied before. why are. you going. to do you have a science question that you've always wanted answered it we're happy to help out send it to us as a video text ovoid smell if we answer it on the show will send you a little surprise as a thank you cannot just ask. if you find us on line d.w. dot com slash science on twitter steve w underscore sign and on facebook t w dot science or one of 4 tearing from you. it's clear that humans and other mammals are related there are obvious similarities in

the blueprints of our bodies. we all have heads down and live. on the doing salazar was intrigued by one feature in particular or rather more than one. why do we have to nostrils. 2 eyes enable us to see in 3 dimensions is help us hear where the sound is coming from. but we only have one nose and nonetheless 2 nostrils right next to each other. couldn't we do without one of them. no we couldn't even though they look the same we smell and breathe differently through each nostril. just close one of them and brief through the other them switch nostrils you'll find that one of them transports significantly more at. the nostril that transports less however still detects sense and it does so differently than the other nostril because less air is

flowing through the constricted nostril and more slowly that enables you to detect different all factory signals from the surroundings. the 2 nostrils together produce the final impression of smell. scientists have found that this may also help determine the direction of smell is coming from. experiments with nose have shown that stopping up one nostril made them less effective at hunting prey sometimes they never found it. seems that mo's at least can smell in stereo. humans probably can to the remnants of an ability left over from a time when hunters also used smell to localize prey. by the way all mammals have to nostrils. form except whales which only have one.

and lots of animals use that too nostrils to smell far better than humans do. the nose is also like a security guard immune cells and the nasal mucus membranes protect you from nasty intrude in but sometimes the immune system sounds the alarm for homeless substances too that triggers an allergic reaction. allergies are on the rise worldwide especially in cities now researchers say they might have found a miracle here in an untraditional place. these cows are the charges of the university of veterinary medicine in vienna. professors avoca and isabella polish should study allergies the particles of dust they've come

here to collect will hopefully provide new insights into why spending time around cows can have health benefits for humans. in the range of studies have shown that farms are like a protected area if you spend a lot of time on a farm especially in the cow shed something in the air makes you resistant to allergies asthma and a topic dermatitis. in the case of children they get protection for later in life if pregnant women become less susceptible and even pass on that protection to their children it's called a farm effect and in this it has been a spawn who fucked up. children who grew up on farms how few ology and those who live in cities unfroze who grew up in the immediate vicinity of cows that he grass or hay have even fewer. protective effect works if the home is within a radius of about $300.00 metres of a cow shed. perspiring 100 metres away but coverage has disappeared. the

belief is that whatever provides. protection is conveyed via the air. hence the dust sample gathering. scientists have until now believe that certain microorganisms typically found on fall behind the health benefits but. microorganisms tend not to be carried far in the air so now we think that proteins are a factor in this protective function proteins are larger than microorganisms and are more likely to float in the air a member of a family of proteins called lifeboat kinds helps to protect calcium infection a notable source is counsel. but it's not the only one on cows your night they could also spray the protein into the air or to touch is to dust particles kalle secrete different substances like milk can feed scenes but they urine is often overlooked as a possible source of light callan's even though it's excrete in part as an

aerosolized spray. the researchers take the particles that collected to the lab for analysis they found that traditional livestock systems provide greater energy protection for humans than industrial scale enterprises. they therefore suspect that the dust found in regular farms contains particularly high levels of the protein. low and behold they do indeed find the precious protein in the samples from the cow shed stats of need it's a member of the lipid callen family stable so that also helps explain why we still find it in the cow shed just several weeks later that in turn means people are exposed to it for longer breathing it then could protect us from allergies asthma and a topic damage titus. the cow protein detected in the air has a kind of pound that allows it to transport iron and britain in. a more light on a person consumes through air intake will cow milk the researchers think the better

. but intensify process. decreases the level of those protective nutrients in the case of milk produced by factory farms the chemical pouch is left empty. seen as angus meat this is about animal health green fodder in hay a beneficial because the milk has a high level of the protein and has a healthier effect. and yet that is. so untreated organic milk from healthy callus should provide protection against allergies but it can also contain pathogens that's when the researchers want to supply the protein in pill form as a nutritional supplement after successful tests on mice they're now conducting a study with humans. it's having a really unfortunate leavis is seeing a farm isn't an option for many people who live in urban areas all their children and that's where the idea for a cow is shared pill came from and we now know that it is possible to package the

protective protein as a pill and this after to heaping form for packing. allergies are estimated to affect between 10 and 40 percent of people worldwide and that number is rising almost one in 10 people will develop asked more at some point in their lives. increasingly allergies are associated with too little contact with animals and germs excessive hygiene and environmental toxins. are now the priority for the researchers is determining whether the cow shed pill will also enable city dwellers to fully benefit from the farm effect. whether you're in the city or out in the sticks the car is still germany's top mode of transport we'll stay on facebook how you usually get around and how you think we'll get from a to b. in the future. do you mean you're from bulgaria says he cycles every

day except in winter when he takes the bus he thinks that in 10 or 20 years electric bikes scooters and hover boards will grow even more popular and of course . al promises convinced will use teleportation in the future to get from a to b. but perhaps not anytime soon. john roll from the philippines things motorcycles are the easiest way to maneuver through the bumpy and muddy roads there. in the future he hopes electric cars will grow more popular. jimoh says will be moving less in the future and that we won't need to travel because there will be systems that make the journey for us as a service. and reap from indonesia says buses minibuses and motorbikes will dominate traffic but he things that in the future the

field powering them should be environmentally friendly and sustainable thanks for getting in touch. traffic and transport do indeed harm the environment because most of our vehicles still run on fossil fuels and fucked traffic and transport are responsible for more than 20 percent of all global c o 2 emissions compared to other sectors like industry that might not seem like much but in the last 20 years emissions from transport have increased by 7 to 7 percent . to help curb this trend there are cutting edge carbon neutral fuels in the. pipeline. this liquid doesn't look like anything special but it could help power germany's energy transition. what we have here is freshly top synthetic fuel made in one of our laboratories from c o 210. it's only a few milliliters but in

a lab we can scale up to produce tons. based on calls him both comes company enter a tech produces gasoline and diesel from c o 2 the goal is to launch chemical plants that compare gases into liquid fuels for the world market is confident the company is on to a winner. i know these and while there's a vast existing infrastructure and there's a large existing fleet of vehicles without having to change the infrastructure all the vehicle engines we can improve the common bonds of our existing fleet by using musin fuels a lot of bypassing. in fact the basic processes the company uses a nothing new. in the 1st step in electrolysis electricity is used to split water and produce pure hydrogen. in the 2nd step c o 2 responded to the hydrogen a process called methylation produces a synthetic natural gas

a process known as fisher trop synthesis also leads to liquid synthetic gasoline or diesel fuel. c o 2 can come either from the atmosphere or recycling while the electricity could come from renewable energies that would make the fuels produced carbon neutral. both going wants to use in or a text technology to protect the climate and tackle the carbon problem. we're working on standardizing modularizing all the units allowing for series. duction. there will be separate modules that can be connected and integrated into containers you know into it so ultimately they could be positioned all over the world anywhere that produces renewable electricity. your. carbon neutral fuel could be produced right there on the spot. researchers at the

cultural institute of technology also work with carbon neutral fuels. and his colleagues figuring out if they can be used the same way as fossil fuels in standard combustion engines. to the sand they run tests on engines that effectively simulate hundreds of thousands of kilometers on the road. during the tests the scientists mimic real driving conditions. and we've run various tests sent that actual sank loading an existing engines and old aggregate motors and very old engines as well this train drives and we've had excellent results. one focus of the research is to explore how renewable and fossil fuels can be combined now here this gives us an overview and for what we have here is fossil fuel of the sort you get at a gas station and here we have

a certain fuel synthetic gasoline in peter spencer and in the middle is a mix of both in the more center fuel i add to the fossil fuel the more carbon neutral it becomes and it's. and that makes combustion engines more carbon neutral. or left to strongly believes that synthetic fuels are the way forward and the only way the german government will be able to deliver on its 2050 climate action plan because i'm pushed on one aspect of the issue as i like for mobility or another is fuel cell operated cars and yet another key aspect is reducing the carbon footprint of the existing fuel powered fleet by using renewable energy and the fuel mix. but the approach also has some critics. they say making the electricity based fuels themselves requires a lot more electricity. then it takes to charge up fully electric cars operate fuel

cell vehicles. so they maintain it's a waste of energy. it's an argument that the tech team has heard before timbo says the argument is only legitimate in part because the production process for synthetic fuels will grow more efficient in time and in some sectors there is simply no alternative. so to. us most ones are flooded with as repeating that synthetic fuels on the only solution in certain sectors such as aviation for the time being there's no way of powering long haul flights electrically or with hydrogen fuel cells. that means that if aviation is to become carbon neutral by 2050 synthetic liquid fuels all the only solution would also be on. an argument that still impossible to refute.

that's all for today. but make sure to tune in next week when we'll be looking at the structures of the future. researches are trying to use technology to conserve resources. science is helping dishonest to build more robust buildings using less material than ever before that much more next time on tomorrow today see if they.

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but stay with us for all time high. time the sound of fresh starts february 7th. in the. climate change. the city. people. want to do years today out of their future. g.w. dot com there goes to the making it. clear. they were systematically robbed by the nazis. and after the war there were no signs of compensation. collectors agata and answer saw mine. today researchers are searching for the missing works of art. painful process for

the descendants looted art. starts feb 10th on t.w. . place. place. this is the news live from berlin it's a day is they one of britain's future outside the european union after midnight celebrations by those who voted to leave the u.k. now faces a new reality and a new realization the hardest part of it made yet to come and as the world scrambles to stop the spread of the new coronavirus more countries begin evacuating

their citizens from china germany.