cold conditions in central norway race has been running since $590.00 and is a part of the arctic world series which culminates in alaska in early march. you're watching news from berlin coming up next our documentary film series looks at how the gulf states are preparing for a future that's not based on oil and you get all the latest news and information. on our website that's at d w dot com i'm terry martin thanks for watching. language courses. video. anytime anywhere. w. .

know where the region of the world produces crude oil as cheaply as the gold states . it's a well thought popping from the ground for a long time to come. bought demand could drop earlier than supply as a former saudi oil minister warned in 2002 the stone age didn't end because the world ran out of stones. the gulf states have started to react they're investing in sustainable construction and . boosting the tourism industry. promoting education for young people.

and they're finally starting to use their abundant solar energy. to. saudi arabia owes its wealth to oil but that doesn't mean everyone in the country is rich the biggest country in the gulf lacks jobs and education. religious doctrine still governs much of everyday life. during prayers business comes to a standstill. the but the royal house is making changes saudi vision 2030 is

a plan to keep living standards stable even if oil prices sink or demand falls but saudi arabia's own energy consumption is extremely high. and instead of using the sun they fight against it in saudi arabia in the summer months 70 percent of their electricity is spent for cooling and. the young generation will need even more energy more than half of the population is under $25.00. youth unemployment is high. there's a lack of private employers and training especially for women. in some 33000000 people live in the kingdom of saudi arabia 20000000 a saudi citizens national revenue. is around $180000000000.00 u.s.

dollars 87 percent of that comes from oil. this international team is researching the future of sol renner gee they're developing solar energy collectors in every imaginable a full room tiny power plants. day oberon heads the team she's turkish holds a ph d. from germany and is a researcher here in saudi arabia. the team's truly sensational invention doesn't look like much at 1st glance. i've shown you're actually a break to a technology that can make any window into our solar panel so what we're seeing here is we're able to generate electricity from windows with some special coatings on top off but it's still visible to your eyes like any other window. so our

technology actually offer is a great platform where you can make any building a power generation yourself. the solar window is one of many patented technologies from couse to the king abdullah university of science and technology it was founded by a former saudi king as a private university independent from the ministry of education the campus has its own rules and women aren't required to wear the abaya it's perhaps a taste of what some young saudis would like to see for the future of their country . the solar power research center has adapted its architecture to the extremely hot climate there is shaded skylights and a pedestrian area to provide natural ventilation and cooling the design since the message that the future is about to change. thank you for. in

mcculloch is the center's director. he worked at the renowned imperial college london until 2014 a few of his students joined him when he moved here the count's team says the facilities here a unique part of the university is largely financed by a foundation which gives the researches more financial security. and freedom for female research and women are welcomed as colleagues here. in the street is my passion. i love chemistry is the let's because 1st time when i was 16 years old when i 1st studies studies about chemistry moment that i just liked it so much and i fell in love with it so in that time i decided to discover more and more about chemistry and go deep in there.

with trying to create materials that absorb the light from the sun or the windows and primeau it from the sun and then we can use that to start a chemical reaction and then the chemical reaction we create hydrogen and this is from water just cold water sports and so creating hydrogen allows you to create a stored energy source so this could be a potential replacement for a bottle of oil could be a big sold of. oil to hydrogen would be a radical switch perhaps the next generation will make it a reality. the hope of course is that they will be able to play prominent roles in some of the larger more influential so the companies of the future so i think that we are educated to some extent the. of the safety and

student population coasters a model that hopefully in the future is going to be replicated throughout syria. koski also has daycare facilities which helps contribute to the research environment in a country that is seeking to lessen its dependence on oil. a mother who works full time is still an exception in saudi arabia. you could record many. me and i both have our daily tasks. the things we do for each other for household and family shifted or it's worked out well so far thank god. there are difficulties and challenges. with the thought if she had but she had did her bachelor's when we were already married and got excellent results we're here with the always on our dream is even bigger well she

wants to achieve more and of course i have to help her we're going to. the 3 of them live on campus even though y. l. works in mecca a 2 hour journey away he commutes so that his wife can continue researching the technology that could help secure the country's future. but there's a big obstacle to overcome in replacing oil with solar power and that's dust. in the desert state of saudi arabia there are more than 3000 sunlight hours a year and almost no rain dust coats the equipment and reduces efficiency.

so that states we can lose 2030 percent of the output so we need to be removing it and ideally move it every day because then you don't get that layering effect of the dust right now it's super layered on i mean this is this is quite a stiff bristle brush. it starts to come off. astray an inventor george eitel who set up his company nomad based on the idea of brushing the dust off instead of rinsing it saudi engineer out a sari is a member of the chain he's also be getting frustrated about the effect of dust on solid modules. surprisingly i never knew the there is one person in the field that actually take tackling the same issue that i was seeing in the actual customer arrays and they say ok this is a problem that needs to be solving no one is doing a great job and so on it i would like to join your team and become one of the main problems or one of the biggest challenges that face this whole industry. this

solution is an electric brush with very fine bristles it constantly sweeps the dust away so it can't stick. to. the. cast provided a fellowship that brought computer engineer jamiel shaw well back from the us. i do not imagine myself staying in saudi long term and the. idea of change more recently coming to cows seeing how things are changing in a direction that i appreciate that i like. you just simple. here because all of the. in the past we have

seen problems to be as something to be avoided or ignored rather than opportunities to be embraced and this is a cultural mindset not just in the middle east but worldwide if we're honest but what we're seeing now is is a reevaluation of the problems that exist like that and a new way to address them. are mad and jamila trying to reconcile innovation with the country's traditions. they can have a lot of young people has a lot of people that want to see the kingdom change and that doesn't mean their traditions just gone that it means that things can exist at the same time.

foreign investment would also help saudi make the break from oil. but the 2018 investors conference in the capital riyadh attracted far fewer western guests than it did the year before. saudi arabia's relationship with europe and the u.s. has been strained since the brutal murder of a saudi journalist business activity is deeply affected by political events especially in this part of the world. saudi arabia is going out of its way to bring in investment. to king abdul industrial valley promises foreign investors low grants though energy costs and hardly any tax still the response has been muted thus far. there are plans to build an ultra modern city next to the industrial area. up to

2000000 residents. there's even a golf course already. into. a huge industrial port is under construction and another city several times bigger than this one is being planned for the north of the country to entice investors. slowly but surely the country is starting to realize that oil alone won't keep it going forever. saudi arabia's regional rival is its neighbor qatar a much smaller country with a similarly powerful economy due to its huge natural gas reserves. in several middle eastern countries cut diplomatic ties with qatar in september 2017 following allegations of financing terrorism. qatar is reacted with

patriotism and assurance that they would manage just fine without their powerful neighbors migrant workers keep the qatari economy going. the amir's vision for the future is to have more private enterprise that doesn't depend on gas and to foster about a highly educated population. in . 2.6000000 people live in the emirate of qatar. 240008 citizen. national revenue is around $44000000000.00 u.s. dollars 76 percent of that comes from natural gas. was blessed with natural resources as well as its very centric position.

in the middle east and in the middle of the world if you wish so not only in the foreign policy but when it comes to the for example the scene of education it has created the education city which is serving as an educational heart for the entire region. qatar has brought international universities and think tanks into the country including the brookings institution from the us. qatar has identified like the knowledge economy and education sector as are components of it so persecution of carter generally there has been a very good space to have intelligent independent dialogue and researchers and these organizations are allowed the space to be able to do the work that he to do. the brookings institution has voiced some criticism of the country's economic policy. a large share of the national population is involved in government work they have government positions their place in government they have these the really

high salaries short working hours job security these are all very good things well when a country starts talk with the need to diversify it's usually free to pursue the case of the private sector so i think in general you. need to encourage entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurship involves risk taking. the main driving force in the private sector is construction new buildings are going up everywhere. construction is also taking place underground the capital doha now has a metro system that will have full mines once complete. the 10s of thousands of people who work on these mega projects mainly come from abroad working conditions have improved following international criticism most of the moderates arrive with no training and learn on the job. these kinds of contracts and not attractive to

skilled workers. tyreese are more likely to do administrative jobs and i still prefer to work for state owned companies. rethinking old ways will take time in cata says a spokesman for the metro association. and then have a seat at the up under the dome of the well it's a very new kind of transport system for cattle. so it'll take a while for people to realise that it's safe and environmentally friendly. to afford it and we worked with her for a metro will save time money and of course energy. saving energy and reducing the country's dependence on natural gas is at the forefront of the new sustainable city center of doha this is the district of michigan rep named after the springs and wells that sustained the ancient desert cities.

that's good for the poor and you can close the roof so the whole square is in the shade during the day. to level the muddier we've created a new architectural language. while you know that the structure of the stones on the facades prevents the sun from shining directly into the buildings but to live in the before the shards of. the architects were inspired by the past when no houses in cata had energy guzzling air conditioning them a share of district uses wind to cool the area naturally you can see how it works in the old buildings that still exist here. doesn't limit but this building has been built in such a way that the wind from the north blows in and cools the entire building. the ground has many advantages too it doesn't absorb heat so the building stays cool

and also the dust sticks to it. so when the wind blows through the building it doesn't stir any of it up was that it got one shot all residential and office buildings in this district would use up to 30 percent less energy at least that's what the government is aspiring to. in just a few decades the capital doha has transformed from a fishing village into a lively metropolis. and. the tiny emirate of qatar is now well known all over the western world. and it's almost defiant in its pride to be an independent nation. qatar has taken on an important role in world politics and wants to retain it.

the foreign ministry is also involved in cutter's vision 2030 that will hopefully create a future independent of natural gas. people sometimes think that the 2030 vision of because of you know the fact that other countries are launching there is only recently that the father has joined the club as a matter of fact others had that vision in 2008 launched and that at that time we didn't have the world cup. we didn't win it but then as soon as that happened that was integrated into the overall vision. sporting events could also provide an alternative source of income. the khalifas stadium can be. and host international events in the summer because of its gigantic air conditioning system it's the only one in the world in an open stadium.

katter's world cup commission is responsible not only for planning the event but also for what comes after how can the economy build on the expertise that's been brought into the country. all of the sporting or international events it has in the logic and to see an international expert used to come and delivering the event. i mean there will be going to the next event to ensure that the knowledge stays here within about that and within the region we have this just the institute center to ensure i mean to deliver it occasion and training to build the sporting industry. sustainability is also part of the sporting industry at least that's the message the world cup commission wants to convey for example with the 1st fifa stadium to be recycled after the world cup. the whole

a stadium as there will be. this month up after that on the month of the world be broken down into different uses sword side that can be the stadium itself can be rebuilt elsewhere with a similar sort of addition. everybody down it is more like a syllabi. the building is made from shipping containers and steel girders after the world cup cutter could theoretically sell the stadium to the u.s. from mexico so it can be rebuilt there 2026 as long as the politicians play ball. oh man it doesn't just look different than its neighbors and their towering skylines. the sultanate is having an easier time. and in alternatives to oil and natural gas for one because its reserves are smaller than those of its neighbors

and a man's economy was flourishing even before the discovery of oil. life here is still shaped by fishing crafts and trade and women also have a big role in society. a man has diplomatic relations with all the gulf states including qatar. its ancient city dells and fortified buildings and now just part of the country's history because he practices a more moderate form of conservative islam. some $4600000.00 people live in the sultanate of a man of $2500000.00 a citizens national revenue is around $22000000000.00 u.s. dollars 73 percent of that comes from oil and gas. much as the historic district of a man's capture muscat and one of the city's major tourist attractions more than

$3000000.00 visitors come to amman every year mainly from germany and france. to resume is the biggest industry up to oil and gas and it grows every year by 6 percent. the government's next aim is to build a port for large cruise ships right in the front of the old town. but won't mass tourism ruin the historic area. geographer manuel a good pilot is hoping to answer this question with her research. she's lived in musket for 14 years old man has a lot to offer and a lot to lose that much is clear from a visit to the beit brandon museum. i think the days ahead of all. this is rest and.

the black robes arrived in the country with the rise of oil and the influence of saudi arabia so that also brought a more conservative way of life. now. the man well hopes to find a form of gentle tourism that's compatible with local tradition. you know we are conservative country you've got a village in the interior you need to really observe the way you dress the way you talk to people and it's not in that you know you need to really look around you the environment you're in and conform to it to the country itself that's where the turks will enjoy and we as the villagers would welcome them to come to the country open arms talk to them. in since has been bought and sold in the match a bazaar for centuries. but what will happen to the little shops with the growing

cords of tourists manuela asked some of the shop owners. to resume has changed what sold here there are a few every day goods and more souvenirs. many omanis are now giving up their shops and leasing them to migrants. but. once one that wasn't quite there around 200000 cruise ship tourists came here last year it doesn't sound like much but when you consider the population of matter is only around 200000 and that really is a lot it gets overcrowded very easily. but not. many a moving away from the truck because they feel like strangers even on the streets they grew up on the chicken that were no one. home the everything used to be colorful. around here was probably happy the problem lots of things still are but

lots aren't as much as your house was set up and these are caves with no substance we all model was used to shape this place. other than the crown. but some of the old shops are holding out their products might seem out of place but this is exactly what their money customers are looking for what they are some people come from villages far away the owner explains his father moved here in 1929 from india . who started this film i thought it was little. and although most people would say you did it and it was like you want to sit on them and them and. go you know and without you. when asked about the future of his shop he had just one answer everything should stay exactly as it is.

travelling through a man can be like a journey through time in. japan after is a mountain range in the north of the country. it. is a tiny village of supra has been clinging to this a scotsman for 400 years. to eat the food and it is abdullah shrieky was born here just like his brothers and cousins now they're turning the homes of their ancestors into guest houses for tourists. who gives. each. each. other get out of the office. my grandfather used to live in this room. off. and obviously

we prefer to varnish the wood with all of oil because it's a natural oil that. preserves the beauty of the door and protects it and. for families used to live around their grandfather's room just a few years ago life happened outside the rooms which is for sleeping and cooking on the open fire. a road now leads to the other side of the valley and the villages have moved into modern houses. how do you get media life in a new village is much more convenient than in the old and hey nation right next to the road. so with a car everything you need is nearby. we have electricity and t.v. which is nice of course. although. the gist of the incidents

was. when i also thought i had to tickle we have created something really special here with this simple set up our guest house is different from other hotels tourists can experience what the place used to be like. this is the kind of gentle tourism that could help replace oil and gas revenues. fishing has always been an important part of amounts of qana me. as. a mark also nonny grew up in a fishing family in korea at but nowadays the journey out to sea is really worth it .

though their grandfathers told us they used to fish right here on the beach we have to go further and further out. how to assess just by the us like. one solution is aquaculture. your money ministry of fisheries has set up its own research and development center for the industry. amar has been working for the private aquaculture company blue waters for over a year now. about 80 percent of the employees are a manny. unlike many citizens in neighboring countries they don't shy away from jobs outside the air conditioned office blocks. but here too the private sector is considered a risky alternative to secure government jobs. either

side of the militia and i'd advise all young people to look for jobs outside the government. if you don't get a job there try applying to private companies. to get up out of class. blue waters lowered its 1st aquaculture cages into the sea in 2017. just a year later they produce $350.00 tons of fish. being at sea nation for example and all the people are traveling all over the place in that region in africa and in the continent subcontinent and therefore this is part of their activities in the past but with the oyu there are those who are living in this has not been whether this you are well managed so people are lists willing to take risks we have better chances on trying to set our approach to. our young people

people in place for being more into can or small innovative. drops could also provide an alternative to oil and gas a man who's been trading minerals since ancient times. their names drawn from all mine is actually. was door you're. the one to which is necessary for they're making off their women as you see it is very white the purity really. suitable for making the film and. a man is one of the few nations on the arabian peninsula with the rocky terrain 2

percent of its g.d.p. comes from mineral exports spurred by the binning construction industry in neighboring countries. in most of the gulf states it's the next biggest industry after oil and gas there's money to be made from cement. the minerals are playing a rule here in major ruling or one however the challenges the major challenges on these our environment should be there is a strategy and a plan for it that not everything we will take it we should keep something for future research and development should be also continuous and part of the road to their mining. the project manager has created a lab in the factory alongside his job he's also doing a doctorate at the university of leeds in samit of course. this is

the same. group there is using with from oil and gas. and we are trying to. explore the possibility of recycling those materials. those are all material for some movement of perjury. the 1st attempts were successful. yesterdays industrial waste is becoming the raw material of tomorrow. kilo out to me is concerned with sustainability and part of that is giving a bigger role to women for example as engineers. increasing numbers of the money were. and now studying mostly natural sciences. like at the german university in muscat the only german university on the entire arabian peninsula most of the students here are women.

one reason is that men tend to go abroad to study while women stay at home. because of the boom women are also studying subjects here that a male dominated in europe like applied geosciences. and professor wilfred bauer from uk and germany teaches the subject. he says that studying he also encourages women to aspire to a korea like. most of my family members are and the petroleum industry so big and your size this i can i can be in the petroleum i actually did a training in petroleum companies but i also have like the new industry of minnows this is and you think in our mind the tourism. hydrology so we have lots of 60 years we can participate in. geosciences are opening up new economic sectors for the future and they also reach deep into all man's history.

in the largest off your light in the world is in oman it's the former ocean floor that formed here on the arabian tectonic plate a little more than 19000000 years ago. or something very special every year hundreds if not thousands of geologists come here to study the structure of the ocean floor here me and what's on board just. what would normally lies several kilometers below sea level is part of a man's landscape. and i shall is on her way to this ancient seabed the cliffs here a made up of its layers which are easily accessible to researchers. to geologists works full time is vice president of the oman geological society and is a mother. she documents and measures the geological history of her country.

800000000 years worth of it. that's the upper most part of the if you lie it's called pillar lover. and that's the main form of the sea floor when the magma actually has the cool water so 30 to find that he will bellows. anyone who knows what they're looking for can recognize pillow lava immediately the lowest section of the outfield height is called the mantle rock multan mantle that solidified several kilometers below the cold sea floor. they're quite unique in terms of they aren't checking the public. let's say attention because there's recently the studies fury that saves

a few that runs actually can capture the carbon dioxide from the air and then at transform it into different minerals so that's reducing the carbon dioxide percentage from the atmosphere. if these rocks could store the climate killer c o 2 in oman one of the biggest oil producers could actually help mitigate the impact of fossil fuel production. but this research requires the support of the sultan. this is one of the most delicate issues when it comes to the future of the gulf without political change the economy one change either. we normally concentrate on the economic aspects or diversification we have to consider the comic shops open to the politics as well as a social so that could make the impact but so far it has been only one side of the way that the region has been governed for long periods of time where the head of state small really have full power and if you're going to share that power with the

rest and therefore this has been a major constraint. so we need to learn how to undo that practice in the past and try to do it something differently where we can be more more inclusive and more fair to the public many of these days versification initiatives are. they're diddling well they're being successful they're growing. but what happens if suddenly oil and gas for the stop are they able to continue on their own and in most cases the answer is that so that the trick then is to move from the actual diversification that's taking place into diversification that's sustainable in the post oil gas or. and that's harder to do. perhaps the younger generation will make this change happen if they want to maintain instead of living economy and politics will have to change. the. new generation of hungary they

realize that the old structures and systems moving forward into a new opportunity and they are excited to be a part of that process. of. change is also more achievable if men and women can contribute equally to the process. i really believe women they have lots of capabilities they can do. good they can actually push their difficulties in the country and over we the children of the country don't help a man to grow then who will now lower the commish that we have to work for us no matter what it takes them to get to the top you have to start at the bottom and. those are. what's needed is a generation that's brave enough to experiment and not afraid to fail.

we are the future of somebody. we are. we are the one who was going to change the future of saudi arabia. these optimists convinced there is a future for them in the gulf beyond crude oil. because. hamas expresses ensemble top means high fire just keeps us against me. and munich games are up to normal after losing a mindset lead to table to. kick off.

the minutes on w. . i got nothing out of the gym i just sometimes out but i stand up and whimper the german thinks he can for jam a culture of looking at the stereotypes aquatics in here think this leaves a country that i don't blame. yet needed to take from this drama. it's all about a new i'm rachel join me to meet the gentleman from d.w. post. they were systematically robbed by the nazis. and after the war there were no signs of compensation. for collectors of makata and council sold mine. today researchers are searching for the missing works of art the process for the descendants looted art. starts feb 10th

on t w. this is news live from her land almost 4000 people on board a cruise liner are being tested for the coronavirus the u.s. operated diamond princess is anchored off the japanese port of yokohama several people on board are ill and one man who left the ship in hong kong has tested positive for the virus will get the latest from yoko.