slavery i think will truly be making progress when we all accept the history of slavery as all of our history. our documentary series slavery routs starts march 9th on g.w. . well come to me to morrow today at the science show on t w. despite our best efforts we still haven't discovered life on another planet not many fulfill their requirements for humans spaceflight is a risky business to smart dummies what hope is not wish exactly how dangerous it is . water covers much of our planet. it

also fills much of our body. we couldn't live without it it serves a whole range of vital functions. arise vegetation is trending plants clean and cool the hair how do you want her garden in the sky. cosmic radiation from space is something else it's all over the place and it's heading for us all the time luckily earth's atmosphere shields us from a lot of it. how much of it reaches the ground depends on the elevation. near sea level as in hamburg it's not so much it's a lot more in mexico city at over 2000 meters and it really goes up on mount everest and in the plains up in the sky.

so what about astronauts how dangerous is it for them. the german air space center in cologne has 2 new recruits waiting for their 1st fully into space helga and soha are what their makers call human phantoms. physicist thomas bag-o. wants to deploy them to find out how dangerous exposure as a cosmic radiation is faster not just taking a trip to the moon. and the phantom is a replica human it's an ideal test subject for measuring the effects of radiation we're going from forum with and according. to medical dummies comprise a stack of contoured layers each containing plastic replicas of human bones organs and tissue.

a range of different density materials are employed to reflect the diverse structure of the human body. image on them or garden is a problem with our organs is there disparate levels of sensitivity to radiation the blood forming organs are far more sensitive than our skin. and to find out how big the risk is for an astronaut in outer space i mean we have to know how high the radiation is on the surface of my skin or in my lungs in my reproductive organs and my spinal cord or things were gone and. mark. special crystals are placed inside the dummies to measure the exposure to radiation jaring a space flight. each

dummy has over 2 and a half 1000 of the crystals distributed around its body. the measurements generates a 3 d. model of the radiation dose absorbed by the dummy showing how much each organ is exposed to. the invention abel's the experts to determine the potential risk of cancer for an astronaut traveling to the moon. was the 1st time we enter interplanetary space with a phantoms and there will be measuring radiation in the spacecraft built specially for these research trips to the moon it's unprecedented. bundle of the orion spacecraft that will also be conducting tests for another radiation risk it only rarely occurs but it's a serious matter for astronauts. radioactive proton storms

into space by solar flares. this nasa video shows how astronauts should react when a proton storm is headed in that direction. they build a protective shelter made of blocks filled with water or plastic where occupants can take cover until the storm has passed by. another option would be a radiation protection vest. one of the 2 dummies manning be upcoming a ryan flight will be wearing such a vest for test purposes for a physicist thomas bagger and so has mission is a unique opportunity. so quit throwing your concern is of course in a word for sure it's cool it's worked for her it's so much fun to putting this interim back to it's great to see us being able to send helga and so hard to the moon and bring them safely back to earth for what we does if you're going to.

solve exposure to lots of radiation means the risk of getting cancer is high if humans wanted to colonize space they would need a lot more than sunscreen. but what conditions are required for any form of life to emerge and survive whether here or elsewhere. that's the subject of a question submitted by one of our viewers. which planets other than earth could support life. our planet is home to a remarkable diversity of life. life as we humans define it requires certain conditions to develop and flourish.

it takes a combination of numerous factors for life to form. for billions of years the light emitted by the sun has provided a stable environment for life. the earth orbits the sun within a zone where temperatures are just right to maintain liquid water on the planet's surface. orbital region around the star in which a planet can possibly support life it is called the habitable zone. earth too close to the inner edge of this zone its water would boil away as. steam and if it were too close to the outer edge its water would freeze solid. astronomers have identified over 4100 planets orbiting distant suns exoplanets.

the nearest known star to the sun proxima centauri is orbited by a planet called proximo being within the habitable zone that means water could exist as liquid on its surface. most earth like in terms of size and surface temperature teagarden is high on the list of potentially habitable exoplanets and then there are planetary systems like trappist one this stars orbited by 7 planets of which at least 3 are in the habitable zone. some bodies in our own solar system could also potentially support life such as the icy moons of the gas giants jupiter and saturn they're outside the sun's habitable zone but below their surfaces our oceans that could be home to life protected by an

icy crust. if outlet is right why ave the latin if i. do you have a question about science if you do send it to us as a video text or voicemail if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you so come on just ask if you can find us at d w dot com slash science on twitter at d w underscore site tech and on facebook at d w dot science. earth is unique. our lovely planet boasts. more liquid water than any other astronomical object we have found so far. and since we're talking about water did you know that it not only covers more than 2 thirds of the globe but also makes

up much of our body will use water is so important to life. on. earth is covered with water h 2 o. one oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms. most of the water on our blue planet is found in oceans. rant on land it's also in rivers and streams and lakes just built up urban space looks bone dry but there's thousands of liters of water hidden here too in human bodies. up to 65 percent of the adult human body is water. by young body is as much as 80 percent water we lose water as we age. the body of an older person is around 50 percent water which is still a lot. that means that adults like

a good 45 liters of water around with them it's an important structural component of the body now cells like the referee sites in our blood are embedded in watery solutions the cells would shrivel without it. our muscles would travel by 70 percent without water. and that wouldn't be much left of our brain either the brain is also about 70 percent water. it's impossible to imagine what we'd look like without water. the water in our bodies has further vital functions it helps to transport nutrients and oxygen to all the cells of the body through channels. like of blood vessels the plasma the liquid part of blood is mainly water with dissolved substances and cells in suspension including immune cells and the red blood cells that carry oxygen around the body. the.

water also helps the body remove waste through your anation for example. the kidneys use water to flush out excess waste materials. approximately one and a half liters of urine is excrete it from the body every day fire the bladder. it's important to keep the body well hydrated we all need to drink a lot every day. water is a solvent and a real agent. of the body can only process vital substances like salt with the help of water. water helps to break down food so that the body can absorb the nutrients. water is constantly at work throughout the

body. our metabolism needs water to function. water plays another important role in the summertime. it cools the body down. when we're too hot the sweat glands release our salty fluid through the pores which then evaporates on the skin. this process known as perspiration helps the body stay cool. that by maintaining body temperature. without any. human beings couldn't survive and not just humans without water there would be no life on earth. as long as we have life and water and the earth we think about the future we asked

you on facebook for your ideas about sustainable architecture. michelle taylor thinks in the future houses will probably be floating on water and can be moved from one place to another without needing any other vehicle. map nor from indonesia wrote to say his motto is back to nature he would like to build a house on a hillside with a view of rice fields filled with sustainable timber or perhaps a tree house. dmitri writes we shouldn't need a house we will be living in a virtual reality forever now that's pretty radical. david erling writes it would be nice if each house had its own power supply solar panels batteries wind power etc that would be

a step in the right direction. too and radio no likes new technology houses could be 3 d. printed and not just out of concrete we could melt garbage to make plastic bricks or bricks out of fungus. wow thanks for all your interesting ideas. construction is booming in some parts of the world increasing prosperity and population growth are among the drivers but an awful lot of natural resources are consumed in the process the supplies are finite and the environmental impact is often problematic so researchers are looking for ways to use smaller amounts of. raw materials in architecture. court based researchers vita and inspect a concrete roof element on display outside the institute for lightweight structures and conceptual design it's semi hollow but still stable their team's aim is to

develop concrete components with less mass thereby conserving resources the idea seems simple enough they take freshly made concrete and pour it into a mold. it's then turned into a hollow ball by spinning the mold while the concrete is drawing. rivers. the researchers then prize the results of their work out of the mold. and presto a hardened but hollow concrete ball. to him to the idea is for us to position the poles in the relevant building component that's going on because they have an air cavity we save between 30 and 60 percent material in the component. of. the

researchers have come up with an ingenious way of getting the finished balls into position simply pouring concrete onto them won't work the balls rise due to the air inside them. so the ball on the left was set in place before hand with concrete ensuring it stays inside the box. the construction will not break unless it's subjected to extreme stress. the roof of the institute is a precursor of the more famous construction spanning munich's olympic stadium. the lightweight and yet stable structure is a source of inspiration for the research done by stephanie vide not and now. they want to use actuators devices that move parts in a system to further increase the stability of constructions that are low in weight

and in resource utilization. hazardous forces flow off via the actuators in a similar style to of lightning conductor. the same principle also works with facades exposed to wind and storms. once the actuators are turned on they dampen any excessive and potentially dangerous fluctuation. in middle class predicament other than death man areas of application could include office high rises which have a lot of facade area and then lot of mass they fear for flash you have to feel. the football tough and here we can say you can decrease the amount of special material needed by deploying intelligent systems such as hydraulic actuators pneumatic actuators all fluid actuated we believe this will revolutionize

construction in the future. slender but stable constructions thanks to smart engineering a 2nd option for conserving resources. tomorrow's homes are increasingly resembling today's cars in terms of manufacture with a shorter life span but recyclable than the larger horrific o c with people moving house more frequently will either buy houses like we do cars more build houses like we do cars and then run toward lease them out increased mobility among the population will lead to a more frequent change of home compared to the previous century with. a vision of future construction faster cheaper and greener but no longer built for eternity.

been a zation and population growth are putting massive pressure on cities around the world. cities can be cool places to live but they can also get perry hot literally . in urban heat islands she gets trapped the problem is compounded by global warming one way to make. cities more livable is to plant lots of greenery. when green replaces gray and skyscrapers start to look like vertical forests architects in of him planners have realized that these living walls are a way of making cities look a lot more attractive singapore is just one example. and greenery isn't just nice to look at it also has environmental benefits exactly what those are is the focus of hunger vax research he and his project partners attesting the walls to figure out which plants are best suited to them. what we see

here our sense and what they contain measuring units this here is a small window a sensor on a 3rd and behind it 2 little permeable grates that allow air to reach the sensor then we measure temperature humidity and air pressure then we'll talk the cables run through the vertical garden and into its immediate surroundings the collected data is fed into a mobile measuring unit. it shows how much greenery alters the surrounding microclimate. some form the south or not but this is what we call the cotton lot in this and the data we're looking at right now show that the walls temperature is significantly lower than the immediate surroundings by about 4 to graze fear from. the gable when the weather's hot plants emit lots of water vapor which cools the surrounding air this is useful in cities where

temperatures in summer are generally much higher than they are in the surrounding countryside well normal stone or brick facade store heat green ones have a cooling effect. but high temperatures can also dry the plants out and keeping the greenery well watered in vertical gardens requires customized solutions. on this test wall in western germany the building material itself plays a role in the irrigation system. and the tip of the advantage of calcium silicate building stone is that it quickly absorbs and releases water and we take advantage of this by watering the manufacture of stone on which there aren't passes of humidity on to the substrate that optimizes the irrigation of the greenery. pretty surprising that stone is helping nature to flourish in cities. here the importance of open green spaces is becoming

increasingly clear parks provide benefits that vertical gardens can't but both help improve our quality. tiny openings in the undersides of leaves allow plants to absorb nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide from their surroundings. and to release oxygen. in this way plants act as both filters and africanus providing a. aliwal service in cities where the air is often loaded with vehicle emissions soot and other micro particles. green walls can even make industrial zones into healthier and more pleasant places. this firm makes a stone elements for vertical garden irrigation systems. this freestanding wall helps filter toxins from the air. just cut off by shops lined up because of the

large fine dust that collects on surfaces like these people begin to look at the surface of the leaves and you can see it in all of the of the green surfaces also provide a habitat for insects and birds and microorganisms that have no other natural habitat in and industrial. so this manmade system provides them with a place to live. in the in all things. for the last 3 years the project partners have been experimenting to see which plants are likely to flourish where in a vertical garden. south facing walls can develop an almost mediterranean character even in an industrial zone. and yeah off the side we get most solid here are south facing sidewalk so we have been experimenting with herb's . that should be quite we've tried our various things we've got basil meant

a lot of aged from our tomatoes garlic charred and a lot more. colleagues really enjoyed harvesting at all but the. vertical gardens are designed to bring pockets of nature back to cities. urban planners have long appreciate the value of horizontal gardens rooftop gardens might have a negligible effect on microclimates but they're great places to grow vegetables all just hang out. vertical horizontal it doesn't matter greenery is a valuable addition to concrete jungles. that song for this week. on the next show we'll be looking at beautiful fire salamanders there native to forests in central europe and they're in danger of

fungus apparently brought in from asia is decimating their populations. is the entire species at risk. biologists are searching urgently for a solution. join us for that on tomorrow today until then by.

that changed. our part documentary about the river. charts in john. fletcher songs like don't go away stay with us for. the sound of freedom. in 17 minutes please. please.

listen carefully. to suit your needs to be a good. discover . the i. subscribe. documentary to. what secrets lie behind us want to. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore this amazing world heritage sites. w world heritage 360 get the maps now. literature invites us to see people in particular.

to see as the kids find. her. objective is to share with a friend. of the books on youtube. in the light of claiming victory. for christmas. what's in store please. list for the future. cuts for the major cities. in such a clear picture. this

is news coming to you live from history is made at the. parasite block the 1st time ever an unknown english language film wins the award for best picture south korean falls through an old wrote and directed the film called tourists will have the latest on a historic night in hollywood also coming up.