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the arctic is often described as a vast expanse of eternal ice but in some parts of the region that's no longer the case. this is alice mir island in the canadian arctic. this strip of coastline was once covered with ice but the nearby glaciers are melting so we can see more and more of the land that lies beneath them. some researchers predict starting in 2050 the arctic will be ice free in summer so what will happen to the region is all that ice melts. this will be almost a week to rise and she look. the arctic helps to determine the climate for a much wider area including parts of the us due to climate change due to the ice

free feeding. the wall maps the retreat with the arctic in the center. that will cause massive changes here and in other parts of the world. i think. the biggest challenge facing the whole world in the future. a challenge or an opportunity during the summer after the ice has melted but you take blooms along the coastline animal bones indicate that wildlife is returning. more and more scientists are coming to the region and several countries have claimed mining rights how will those rights be allocated. geologists can now study land that used to be covered in ice land that is rich in natural resources. the competition for the arctic treasure is fierce.

these resources include oil natural gas and rare earth elements. taken together they're worth trillions of dollars. the indigenous peoples who live in the arctic region say they deserve a share of these riches new sources of income would help them improve their lives and have more of a say in government policies that affect them. all .

these scientists will be the 1st to study a particularly remote part of the arctic canada. feels great you know our days are waiting in the new gary to go on the field. we got calls twice and now we get none it's actually right. we'll see what awaits. or ate your spot just tuck your bag underneath your seat it'll probably be a bumpy ride because of bad weather. more than a century ago arctic expeditions led by. an alfred vega made headlines around the world. today research trips to the region are not nearly as demanding as they used to be but they are expensive about $15000.00 euros per person.

resolute bay is often used as a starting point for scientific expeditions in the 1950 s. the canadian government forced indigenous people from northern quebec to settle in this remote but strategically important region. susan sullivan it was a child at the time. there has been a lot of things that have come up here. i guess there are more now i'm expecting that they'll be a lot more. people coming up north to find out more. detail. things that were. not out.

july 1st this canada day the country's national holiday but the local innuit residents don't have much to celebrate. the village of resolute bay needs more jobs schools and hospitals the in you would want more financial support from the canadian government they also demand more autonomy so that they can live according to their traditional values. susan sullivan it copes that her grandchildren will be able to lead better lives than she and her parents did she says that the canadian government should formally up. for the forced resettlement of the innuit people and provide better jobs and job training programs.

for young people they are today there are so many more possibilities for them to get proper education and we hope that. wealthy within that 1020 years that they'll be a doctor. we now have. lawyers we now have well nurses that are in need but we need more. in the proper. system. and. the arctic region includes parts of 5 countries. denmark. norway. russia. the usa.

and canada. in 1909 the canadian government created a new northern territory called nunavut which means our land. summer has arrived and none of it but it's still cold just 3 degrees centigrade. the researchers are right from resolute bay. spent 2 months on the territories not cops. there are no settlements here and no roads either there's not a lot of vegetation because the tundra subsoil is permanently frozen. the scientists set up their camp and it's anything but luxurious their only connection to the outside world are the transport helicopters this expedition is financed by the governments of canada and germany. germany has invested a lot of money in out research and will continue to do so i think is very important

as we continue to study the effects of global warming. we need to find out more about how the entire climate system functions and. the. cost is a geologist who works for germany's institute for geosciences and natural resources which is part of the federal ministry of economics and technology. there are scientists here from several other countries as you can see from these flags. stephen grasp is a geochemist who works for canada's department of energy and environment his work here will focus on the composition of rocks. american biologist john spear

will study microbes that could be used in research on antibiotics resistant bacteria. so right these are. little green top tubes is $15.00 each and they. are for extracting d.n.a. out of samples all collect like a little bit of a pencil eraser size amount of material and i'll insert it into these tubes and it will shake it around i'll take a hammer will extract d.n.a. out of the home. the weather is good today so the scientists head out to do some work. when these mountains were formed millions of years ago the local environment looked much different there was no ice cover and the land was covered with plankton trees .

geologists take a long term view of life on earth they think in terms of millennia not centuries and many scientists believe that today we are living in the final stages of the most recent ice age. stephen grass be discovered some unusual vegetation on a mountainside recently and now he's come back to take a closer look. there's a freshwater spring here a rare occurrence in this part of the arctic. the topsoil follows only in the summertime. recipe speculates on the origins of spring.

we're finding more and more different areas of spring and we're able to record temperatures be data longer than the springs through the winter and we can see that they fall winter along so it turns out there is very high latitude art. regions there's actually some areas of very active groundwater flow and challenges or conception of those see what's happening and it really tells the story we don't know as much as we thought we did those exciting so few things to learn. the researchers have dug this the ice spring it continues to flow even in winter when the temperature is minus 4 degrees centigrade. the water temperature at that time is 6 degrees. speer captures a thermal image of the spring before the team heads back to camp. colleges to victoria peace specializes in the study of plate tectonics the movement

of parts of the earth's crust. she's been doing research in the arctic for 20 years and also teaches at the university of stockholm today she's working with a colleague from canada. and the arctic is a hole in the global warming the icing framework of climate today industry not just petroleum but other economic resources fishing shipping transportation mining oil and gas are all interested in accessing what they perceive to be a new. reservoir a new region right and i would say that the industry side of

things are very interested in the arctic what's going on here and how they may be able to capitalize on ice free conditions in the arctic. some experts speculate that the melting of the arctic open up to shipping routes between asia and europe. could have substantial strategic and economic benefits for several countries including china. we believe that china do have a row to play in seeking peace. in that region and in promoting susceptibility sustainable development in the area chinese government issued a white paper on the arctic policy in which the polgar silk road has

been. announced as a policy of the chinese government and you can see the north sea of routes. i have to because. commercial they face a poll all of 10 years all for the celebration melting ice in the arctic region. china aims to create a new silk road trade group that would run from asia to europe via the north pole. right now china has to move its exports to europe through the in the you know. the proposed new arctic route would cut shipping time by 20 percent for about 2 weeks. some experts say that china also wants access to the arctic switch supply of natural resources.

the growing chinese middle class is basically screaming for resources from all over the planet. and then the oxy gets no exceptions so what you see is basically the same interest for resources as china have in south america and as china in africa and and you can also i think see that china moves in in the places where united states is not present always united states then you see china course in and and we also stopped to see that in the arctic. meanwhile back in arctic canada the tory a piece prepares to fly back to camp. the research that she and her colleagues are doing here could be used by any number of countries. the scientists have no control

over where their data ends up and that's fine with victoria. i look at the tectonic environment where rocks form and that information is useful to the industry. and what they do with it is beyond me. this research work is difficult time consuming and expensive it's not yet clear how the governments and businesses that are funding these projects will make use of all the data. but if they have a strategic interest in the arctic after the ice they'll have to start preparing now.

it's this i will start with some materials from the franklin basin. these researchers at germany's institute for geosciences and natural resources and how know if they're going to end a life some rock samples that were taken off the coast of western greenland they've got a lot of work ahead of them. first to cut away a slice of rock that's just 30 microns think about the same width as a sheet of paper. that will examine it under a microscope. my voice jesus kristen's this sample is almost transparent it's thinner than a single human hair. that will allow us to examine in detail how this material interacts with light. and that will help us identify the individual minerals that are contained in this sample if you. can the ice in the holly and see how.

we return to none of the local residents sometimes find jobs helping the foreign research teams. several countries have a vested interest in exploiting the region's natural resources and the scientists research may help them to do that. to him you would hope that is the arctic ice continues to melt to be able to share in the economic benefits and have more of a say in how they live their lives. over the centuries in you would have proven that they can adapt to even the harshest climate conditions. but they're tired of living in primitive dwellings and eating only the meat and fish that nature provides as their ancestors did before them. this is greenland's capital nuku located on the southwest coast. greenland has been

part of denmark since 814 but now enjoys a great deal of autonomy. still subsidy payments from denmark make up about 60 percent of the territory's budget. the capital is in the middle of a construction boom as greenland gains more control over the allocation of revenues generated by the exploitation of natural resources. we want to diversify our way economy inchers of generating new income sources for our country we see. the mining as serve as a future income source along with tourism along with other industries that we are trying to attract to green so there is a consideration of making ali economy less vulnerable for rapid there

or subtle changes of fish. the fishing industry is a key element in greenland's economy fish and shellfish make up about 90 percent of total exports and as much as 20 percent of g.d.p. greenland left the european economic community in 1905 in a dispute over fishing policy. part of today's catch is being unloaded at the port of new. mali olson works for oil greenland the territory's largest fishing company . it has more than 40 processing facilities in greenland and also on canada's atlantic coast. the company headquarters are located here in new cook. the most important fish shellfish is from greenland i think it has

a good price in the international market so it's a good species to have but at the moment. our main supply us all the local fisherman. in for the near coastal fishery so the approximately 3000 people fisherman delivering the fish for our factories and besides that we have a lot of troll us that off fishing in the in the sea. while greenland also operates its own fleet of fishing vessels. one of them is just coming to port. monaco's and meets the captain yes the ship was at sea for 2 weeks and brought in 250 tons of fish the catch was immediately frozen on board. this is the cooling facility the temperature is minus 25 degrees centigrade each

bag contains 30 kilos of caught. some scientists predict the climate change will force large numbers of fish and shellfish to move north into colder waters. in addition there are indications that the area off greenland's coast is being overfished. malika seen that happen before . the product is a species that is coming back back in the eighty's there was a lot of a lot of cut in the greenlandic sea but suddenly it disappeared so there hasn't been the fishing in the last 20 years and greenland so it's it's 1st the last years that it started to come back. after the

trawler unloads its catch it goes back out to sea. the market for fish and fish products is good right now sales and prices are rising still the fishing industry does not generate enough revenue to support greenland's entire economy on its own so the territory will have to find new sources of income. at the moment the fishery cannot alone. maintain this economy for green and so we have to welcome some new businesses in the greenland sure is a mess one of the things that the politicians are talking about and though we have to develop new businesses to to gain some more economic growth in greenland. were greenland is one of europe's most remote tourist destinations but visitors are not attracted by luxury hotels or

wellness facilities there are none here. they've come to see the territory's breathtaking natural beauty. those who are looking for a unique travel experience will find it here. there are ruins of viking settlements. the northern lights. and arctic wildlife including reindeer. these vast landscapes are populated by more than 20 species of mammals and dozens of bird species. in rumania. but greenland is an expensive place to visit food prices are high mostly because supplies have to be imported. the infrastructure needs

a lot of the. only small planes can land at the airport and know. the runway is too short for large commercial passenger jets. freedman's government is trying to line up foreign investors who will help finance improvements high on the list of potential partners or chinese businesses. i'm not afraid of china in general i think china. and metals and minerals. it's an important investment country. last year a company owned by the chinese government submitted a bid for the expansion of 3 small airports in greenland but the government in

denmark stepped in and blocked the bid citing security and financial concerns. in any case greenland needs to make a serious effort to improve its infrastructure. that it definitely the. very difficult it is far away from both europe and north america and it's a very big island the biggest island in the world spread out over a very large area so it definitely looked just tickle challenges and also environmental challenges and from one form of bad weather. in large parts of greenland many people earn

a living by hunting one of them is to be a signal it's usen who lives in the lock on the southeast coast. during the summer he goes hunting every week. in the winter months he could just fish. this is the only way that he could provide food for his family. it's now up up and up my father and brothers taught me how to hunt i'm betting you didn't write. a great new longer law if you will go by myself. and when you do it. binya any good when my family lives on the meat all the fish that i bring back you know. so far we've always had enough to eat i think we've never go hungry. but i made sure of that.

toby and his family eat reindeer and musk ox meat in summer. and in winter mostly seals and narwhals a small species of whale. are going. to be as is not concerned that the arctic ice is melting he's learned to adapt to his environment.

to be and so often takes a long foreign tourists on his hunting trips the extra income is allowed him to buy a few luxuries like a snowmobile and an outboard motor for his boat. grow vegetables here. we can only provide it's. and we don't waste any food. if we don't need it right away he will freeze it and storing much in need if you are going to be you know top of all. those who prefer to buy their food instead of hunting or fishing for it can shop at the supermarkets and dizzy like. but the food in

the shops is expensive because a lot of it has to be imported mostly from europe. some food supplies are brought in by helicopter. there aren't many trees in greenland only a few species are able to grow here mostly in the far south but that may change because of global warming during the summer some crops are grown in the south. as legend has it the region was given the name greenland by a 10th century norse explorer he hoped that a pleasant sounding name would attract settlers. the residents of to z. like would love to grow vegetables here in the summer and that may happen if the arctic ice continues to melt. 2000 people live

into z. like it's the largest town in southeastern greenland. but behind the colorful facades of these homes many people suffer from depression and alcoholism. the community only recently started to discuss these problems openly. the causes include the town's high unemployment rate and the poverty that goes along with it. domestic abuse is common. the suicide rate among young men is high. and during the winter the bodies can't be buried because the ground is frozen. the. news. the local mortuary is located next to

a church. the bodies are kept here until spring. many local residents simply have not been able to cope with the transition from a semi nomadic eco centered culture to a modern society that's based on commerce and consumerism. some are frustrated by the presence of wealthy tourists when they themselves can't find a job. there's no need to go hunting anymore you can just buy food at the supermarket. many people have ended up on welfare. every family in greenland knows the pain of the social problems that we are seeing

in the statistics and they are quite high i mean it's both suicides and as i said. we do see. a lot of violence as well and violence against women and children and this is something that we need to fix and i think we need to fix it within the next generation or otherwise it will be every every family it is being affected by this 3 or 4 times over we have to stop it now. tilly martinez is a member of greenland's parliament and has been speaking out on these problems. she's half innuit and have to. she believes that greenland should maintain close ties to denmark because she fears that the indigenous peoples will not be able to survive on their own. right back. politician elect a ham and also hopes for a better future for greenland but she believes that this will only happen if the

territory wins its independence from denmark. i have a danish passport but that's all i'm not danish i don't think danish i don't speak things at home i don't feel like a dane and i don't feel like at home when i meant i'm not. greenland continues to move toward independence from denmark and today even young in which children learn to take pride in their traditional culture their language and their homeland. a lot of people around the world are definitely concerned about the effects of global warming but many in greenland see these environmental changes as an opportunity to free themselves from foreign influence. many of the european immigrants who helped build this territory are buried in the cemetery.

the bent insists the question of what society. that we want in the future for the people of green. and independence is a question of the freedom of the choices the government of $39.00 should be doing in regards to the foreign affairs in terms of the safety and the military issues connected to bring. denmark is responsible for. agreement security and maintain several military bases here. but in the near future greenland will have more control over its defense and foreign policy. still some danes are reluctant to separate ties completely for a number of different reasons the.

people. of. the danish greenlandic relationship goes back many hundreds of years so there is there is culture tires there's historical ties people who have married each other there are a lot of greenlanders living in denmark there's a lot of danish people living in greenland so so so it's not just you know a matter of pulling the plug and say from now on we are independent. of. denmark also understands the importance of maintaining good relations with the territory to the strategically important and rich in natural resources. as the competition for those resources intensifies denmark and to maintain its security presence there. many danes believe that the government's current policies on greenland benefits both sides.

and. that is where i would argue that it is difficult to find a better deal if you are looking at the world from a greenlandic perspective then being. with denmark and i would doubt that if your partner up with china or anyone else that there will be no favors hostile return. china keeps a close eye on developments in the arctic from its embassy in reykjavik iceland the ambassador says that the world has nothing to fear from beijing straight policy. yes the chinese government has no intention of a competing with the u.s. side for war the influence we regard issues space on its merits and also we have a strong wish to develop a good relationship with all the countries. as

world powers compete for position and influence in greenland to anyone people are standing up for their rights when these children grow up they may find themselves living in a country that has won its freedom from denmark but is heavily dependent on china. that in us and canada also want more autonomy some even favor closer ties with when you are peoples of other countries. we were one people before the governments were in that state and divided us through borders we work with we work across borders we have always been one in it we recognize that we know we have rights as it is people's. okalik easy act as a former chair of the in what circumstances council and often speaks out on issues that affect indigenous peoples. here she's meeting with an old friend former nun of a premier eva arya. they've set up camp on the outskirts of none of us capital it.

will never completely lose. who we are. it's not in the middle. with. them and. we want to work with our governments and we want to work with industries. that are up here that want to come up here. recognize that act and. work with us to your collective benefit i guess. every year hundreds of delegates from dozens of countries gather in reykjavik for the annual arctic circle assembly. the participants include politicians scientists business exactly. it's representatives of indigenous peoples and others who are

interested in the future of the arctic region and how it will be affected by climate change. the organisation's chairman is former iceland president owner for a good name sun he says it's important to bring together as many international representatives as possible to discuss policy. the problem for the arctic is not in the arctic and it should be heavily industrialized countries in the world and without porting about their perspective we are one. of the future of. the arctic ice has been rapidly melting now for 2 decades the process has even affected glaciers in greenland that are 100000 years old. scientists estimate that 10000 tons of arctic ice are lost every 2nd due to global warming but some say that this may turn out to be a positive development. summers are. getting

longer they're legit change and. i believe. you know there are a lot of all in 3 things. that have become so. i guess it's their profit. i believe this property. as the arctic ice continues to melt the indigenous people stand to benefit from the exploitation of the region's natural resources and the creation of new trade routes . increased prosperity may help them to preserve their natural way of life but as all of our good in some points out the future of the arctic has become an international issue. we are now wishing for the 1st time in human history the arctic. becoming a robot to me. for i'm sure all the versions of the world for was happening in the

author and all show how the rest of the world imparts should all be all things. to the believe. in the believe. you. get. what. you call. life's a quest having a full show with the flowers a massive attack on a bunch of pussies. common times home color as they kicked up a storm. taken up by. w. . cutting through the noise. where i come from people are known for being tough

but fair new york can get loud when people tell it like it it was they call it the concrete jungle the melting pot the city that never sleeps it's this energy that makes it feel like old but amid the hustle it's important to listen and pay attention because it's not just the loudest voices who needs to be heard we all have a story this is how i see it is my job as a journalist to go beyond the obvious now i'm basing your outlook on my work takes me around the world to the might it seems for me in the state to tell the important stories behind the headlines what is the heart of the story why does it matter who live in times to stay focused if you want. to cut through the noise to get to the truth. my name is sarah kelly and i want you to death of. news.

this is deja vu news live from berlin a car plows into a crowded carnival parade here in germany injuring dozens of people including children the driver is in custody and feel.