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impossible to avoid. for decades we've been surrounded by sweet and fatty food. and the body has not been dealing well with these eating out. but what about the brain and. do our mental health our moves and our brain abilities suffer from the wrong kind of nutrition. we know that john feed is spiking as fast but science is telling us now that it might also be shrinking at right as. rain researchers have joined the dining table to study the effects of our eating habits dots on high in fat and sugar in a long time lead to changes in part of the brain posting. this is a recent field of research on the bell and being science that spotlights

a new 1st set of nutrition. victorians aircrews highish sugar results in a reprogramming of the brain in short our brain is affected by what's on our plates . starts with our very 1st meals even before birth. the brain is built up during pregnancy. how it functions later on depends on how it has been nourished by the expectant mother has done it over 9 months. the number of consequences of poor nutrition during gestation no been known for a long time. today's scientists in

australia are looking at the repercussions of nutrition on brain function. released a professor at the university of melbourne examined the behavior of babies after following the eating habits of 23000 pregnant women. we measure their intake of junk and closeness food swinish if they're in type of the healthful foods foods with lots of fiber and nutrients etc and then when we looked at the emotional health all things children over the 1st few years have lost some icing months to 5 years of course taking into account things such as it to cation income the mother's mental health parenting practices they sorts of things and what we saw very clearly was that mothers who white more junk and cloisters food so sweet drinks and so to snacks and you know cakes boost it during their

pregnancy it shouldn't have moved these behaviors such a great shock and anger and tension. disquieting correlation and suggests that the mother's diet impacts the mental development of the baby the feeling remains to be demonstrated on the biological level. in any case released is convenient. so what we also saw in this logical wage and studies that the children start seem to be important as well independent of what. if children were aging too much junk and processed foods and or not enough of the healthful foods they had more of these anger and aggressive top behaviors but also sadness anxiety worry not news. since then professor jackers conclusions are been confirmed by studies in spain the netherlands encountered an excess found in sugar aren't. in the science of

scientists working on the brain. excesses and deficiency junk food is often low on essential nutrients so it leaves the body and especially the nerve cells lacking. in this laboratory at the university of bordeaux scientists are studying the consequences of dietary deficiencies unmount sprains. this experiment is used to measure anxiety. the animal has the choice between exploring the lighted area or hiding in the shade. or normal moss takes the time to examine the lighted area. but this animal

was deprived of a mega 3 fatty acids during its development omega 3 these are called good friends due to their benefits to their art and arteries instead of exploring the environment the mouse takes refuge in a dark corner it's stressed anxious. the experiment has been reproduced many times on dozens of mice for researchers this strange behavior can be simply explained without omega 3 fatty acids the brain does not develop and function normally. they are needed because the brain's grey matter is 90 percent fat which it cannot produce it sounds as well as a brain is the organ after adipose tissue that's the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acid or in the good 3 so in the 3 is indispensable because the body cannot make it we have to ingest it it has to come from the diet all the. courtly fish. organ meat vegetable oils and seeds and not such as all men's have long been

the main sources they were made 3 for humans but these foods have become scarce in the cuisine of industrialized countries. the amount of omega 3 that enters the brain is crucial for making brain cells more efficient because when these fatty acids are incorporated into the membranes of nerve cells they improve their electrical properties you know make a 3 rich neurons the signals propagate faster. the network is more efficient depriving the brain of omega 3 is linked to a risk that it will function less well. i look at the souls of the general population is deficient in a mega 3 we have insufficient intake of a nigga 3 so it's important to pay attention to it especially in the prenatal developmental period during this period omega 3 embeds itself in muscle quantities into the brain also in adolescence when there's often

a change of food and during aging where the incorporation into the brain of a nigga 3 tends to be less effective so we must increase its intake of wanted a closer look at. the 1st rule for a brain to run at full speed is a void deficiency is. a good nutrients and a very diet should be available what happens to neurons when meals are poor and above all always the same that is a problem that is now affecting the wild living european hamster which thrived for a long time in the plains of france's us us reach. the 1960 s. there's been a decline in the hamster population which is on the verge of extinction today and at the same time we've noticed an increase in the agricultural area where corn is cultivated. carlene are bored wondered whether the collapse of the population was

linked to the sudden glut of corn. so she did an experiment feeding hamsters exclusively corn. during breeding we observed behavioral disturbances in females which resulted in hyper aggression and hyper sensitivity and soon as there was noise in the rooms around every one abscess. changed clothes for her. above all what we did not expect is that these females would devour their young the 1st day after birth this behave. it was observed in more than 80 percent of females . that dietary deficiency was enough to make a hamster devour it's children because a simple vitamin. think of vitamin

b 3 deficiency is at the origin of the abnormal behavior he's only supplemented them with vitamin b 3 in addition to their corn based diet they expressed quite normal behaviors and they began to nurse their young to raise them in the same way as the females that were fed a diversified diet. the case of the cannibalistic hamsters is disturbing. could an unbalanced diet also trigger aggressive violent behavior in humans. up suburb is a clinical psychologist and political advisor to the dutch ministry of justice his specialty nutrition and crime. he's convinced that enriching food with vitamins fatty acids and minerals can reduce aggression but it's a hypothesis that is difficult to test in normal life because so many factors and

circumstances can influence our behavior and our impulses. in order to study nutrition without the influence of the many parameters he chose prisons as a nearly ideal setting. in a lot of heaven and here in the netherlands we conducted a study of young prisoners in 8 different prisons who do all the demand for 3 months we get them vitamins and minerals and fatty acid supplements and then we looked at the effect on their behavior. we measured it in 2 different ways of locked doors at the far end of the 1st we asked the detainees how aggressive they were and we asked the supervisors for their views on the issue. above all we looked at the incident on the number of times detainees were punished and we saw that solitary confinement had fallen dramatically double slink off to no one by other side of course. in

a group of inmates whose meals were improved the number of incidents was reduced by one 3rd. of what we may have the power to change or moves to stimulate certain impulses. but could the food on our plate also influence our decisions the ones we believe we make using our free will. as a venue mention when i pull or ask if they think that the food that they eat has an impact on health and most answered yes. and. then when asked if diet can also influence thoughts and decisions very few people are willing to believe this is the case and this country fit a lot in it for a day. however at the institute of psychology of the

university of new bac in germany professor so young park has for the 1st time proven it. her work reveals the mechanism by which food could influence our thoughts and for that the researcher has developed a rather original experiment. imagine that you face the following dilemma. the money on the table is to be divided into 2 sums but it's your partner a stranger who decides how it is to be distributed. i give you to yours and i keep a for me. if you accept the unfair offer you leave with a little money but much less than your partner's. if you refuse no one wins anything so what would you do. do you accept the offer and take the 2 year olds even if you feel cheated or do you refuse and leave with empty pockets

but your head held on time. well it turns out surprisingly that whether you'll take the money or not depends on what you've just eaten. and is are stored as part of this study we follow 24 people who came into the laboratory twice to have 2 different breakfasts. for us v.f.s. things when we found that the same person made completely different decisions based on what the ate in the morning the president and the hmong take us. to the test 1st and the 2 breakfasts looked the same in reality one is a far more protein rich than the other. the ratio of protein to. sugar is the only parameter of the changes. a few hours after the meal the subject takes several test

on a computer. today he accepts the offer his self-interest outweighs his anger at the unfairness and he will leave with a little money in his pocket. last week he mainly refused one almost not. unfounded but the subject having consumed a high protein breakfast in the morning was tolerant of unfair offers. on fitness on get what feels like yet conversely the subject too consumed a high carbohydrate breakfast happens with less tolerant in the face of unfair offers yet. on average the subjects who had little protein rejected unfair offers this twice as often. but how can the surprising result be explained.

in their search for biological evidence for this observation the scientists carried out blood tests in the sun the blood to lead our chief analysis will measure the level of homa and amino acids in the blood the whole mons we are interested in insulin cortisol adrenaline and adreno cortico tropic hormone and for amino acids trip to fun and tyra's in total followed tools and. of these substances the most important is tyrosine the amino acid is one building block of a protein that is key to brain function to open e. . this molecule ensures communication between neurons involved in motivation and risk taking. the results of the blood analysis show that subjects with higher levels of timers in their blood are more willing to accept the unfair offer.

in other words what we eat can within hours subtly alter the chemistry of the brain and thus the communication between the neurons. enough to guide some of our decisions. experiments are continuing in lubec to confirm this result the implications are wide ranging. the member then does that since i eat 3 times a day every day is we realize that food has immense power that of modifying and shaping mankind norm. so it's essential to think about how we can use food to promote our wellbeing and optimize our mental state or to own up to me and thus . not only does an unbalanced diet affect our brain functions and behavior and our meal plan interfere with daily decisions it also becomes increasingly clear

that diet plays a decisive role in our mood and possibly mental health. but what about junk food dripping with sugar and bad fats. what would happen if we ate more of that eat. this is the focus of research here in australia at the university of sydney. margaret morris runs a laboratory where rats are fed the kind of junk food that you find in supermarkets

for cheap fast food restaurants. that. eric's parents use a range of worst in foods at the time they can buy all of us so we feed our rats meat pies chips cakes and biscuits the salt. foods that are virtually available and cheap so we'll modeling the western world. the 1st consequence of this diet the rat doubles its food ration is. beyond amount never seems to share. but that's not the most surprising outcome. one of our chief interests is the impact of his diet on the animals memory and we can measure this is lee in the rat using

a task as the novel object and novel place tosk. in this test the researcher places objects in the rat's cage. the animal comes over immediately to examine the. rodents a very curious by nature. once it's completed its examination and memorized its surroundings its temporarily removed we then place the animal in the arena with one object that's been shifted. by its return the rat spends more time examining the object that is changed places because it already knows the other object was there engraved in its memory.

the rats are stuffed full of bad foods or behave differently. what we observe is the animal's eating a high fat diet or a high sugar diet or the combined high fat high sugar foods well less able to recognize to remember that that object had moved they explored the 2 objects about the same that shows in the payment of the spatial memory. the overfed rants have not only damaged spatial memory but also other malfunctions that sound a warning signal from the scientists they point to damages in the hippocampus a small region nestled in the center of the brain. it's essential for learning and the consolidation of memory. recent studies show that in humans the 2 energy rich diet also interferes with your

program perhaps. they say for example that the quality of people's diets is related to the size of the hippocampus to the size of the greit and what massive volume and they're starting to be intervention studies so for example we say that only 4 days on junk food top diet will have an impact on caucus the functions that are related to the heat the campus. margaret morris is now seeking to understand how triggering and fatty foods disrupt the brain of her rats to the point of affecting their performance. she has a hypothesis namely eating too much fat and sugar triggers an inflammatory reaction that spreads to the neurons. so in response to these foods there's

a general inflammatory response all around the body this is being bold ascribed in obesity but it now appears to be caught in acute response as well and what we find is that inflammatory molecules such as saudi concept increased in response to the don. and overly rich dired confuses the immune system. it responds by triggering an inflammatory reaction especially in fatty tissues. are fat masses release substances that then propagate this inflammation throughout the body. neurons were thought to be spared this effect behind the protective blood brain barrier the semi permeable membrane that separates the circulating blood vessels from the brain. so there is increased inflammation in the

halls of body and we think that this may spread to the brain. that's because the blood brain barrier which normally protects the brain from inflammatory molecules may be impaired in fact by the tide and become leaky allowing traffic of molecules into the brain. and the inflammation infiltrates them in n.g.'s and then triggers a surprising phenomena. in our laboratory so feel a has shown in her overfed mice that certain immune cells in the brain the mark rogue little cells begin to devour neurons. and signal these microbial souls within the brain are important because they can eat dead nearly as little hood when they're deregulated especially in a situation of on balance nutrition they start to eat year olds that are reliant on

their full by consuming these neurons in excess of numbers eventually they will destroy all participate in the destruction of neural networks this way that includes neurons that are alive and that should be functional divot functional. this reaction of the microbe little cells could be filmed in-vitro. all the images show how energetically they move. the red objects or fragments of neurons that they ingest. in or obese mouse the activity becomes frenetic all this phenomenon a suspected of significantly affecting the functioning of the brain. warning. we think signs of people for 30 years don't eat things fade she might have a heart attack you might get cancer and diabetes it hasn't worked to change people's behavior we hope that if people understand that what they put in their

mouth is actually really essential to the health of their bryant. and that of the children that might have a more profound impact on people's daughtry choices. microscope micro manipulator and ultrasensitive recorder. so view for what i'm meant to be is at the helm of an apparatus that can record the electrical activity of a single neuron. the principle is simple a slice of mouse brain is immersed in a liquid that keeps it alive. the researcher approaches it carefully with an electrode. it's a meticulous operation. as you should do so here i go down the people in the slice

of brain. and now we will approach this recording people at near the neuron to make contact. that's it we made contact and now we will be able to measure the electrical activity of the new year i like that he did it to get into. it pick up and peaks that we see a potential areas for action yeah you know on the call that a form of this is how neurons in code information. the time that he lapses between the peaks is the message sent by the neuron. and when to normal now we will increase the glucose concentration in the bath and we will see if this cell responds to increase and concentration of plainclothes. as it can be seen here in this cell responds to the increase with more electrical activity but there is more potential for action than what could be seen here before the increasing to cause concentration. in this signal comes from

a single cell but in the brain the neurons are all connected to each other. and that makes the scientists suspect that glucose has the ability to modify the activity of an entire brain areas and to control emotions and pleasure. is this how sugar ensures its grip on our will. this is for the moment only hypothesis but today sugar addiction is the subject of intense research in laboratories and what appears more and more clear is that the power of sugar is similar to that of a drug. search

of matter is one of the 1st to provide proof with a very simple experiment. step one he raised rents giving them cocaine and sugar. man after weeks of this diet he presented the animals with a choice. to close i want to stress through we have the situation in which the animal has the choice between a lever that is connected to a syringe that contains a drug solution and the drug in question is a hard drug like cocaine and heroin and on the left a lever allows him to control a syringe that contains a sweet drink and there we see the animal chooses to take the sweet drink. the rats selected the sugar water 4 times more often than the drugs. they can't be called a glucose overdose but the every present will desire is plain to see. also

thick spoke with them so this experiment simply shows that sugar has more addictive potential don't we had imagined and perhaps even stronger than the pull of hard drugs such as cocaine and heroin. today we live in a food environment that it's a little crazy. we find sugar in a lot of foods as we would expect in sugary drinks. but we also find sugar in foods that are not meant to be sweet such as how also with us we could cite other examples but it's adding sugar to these foods the contributes to the fact that we make people addicted to it without them knowing you through.

fear of the oregon research institute the influence of sweet food on the human brain is being investigated. what this program of researchers revealed is that a betrayal consumption of energy dense fluid alters or in rural circuitry in the exactly the same way of consumption of drugs over the years. eric stice recruited about 100 students half of whom regularly eat ice cream while the others never ate . they all came to the laboratory to drink a milkshake inside an m.r.i. device and give the researchers a peek into their brain activity. create casey so what we're going to do today is give each other not check and record the brain activity in your entire brain as you receive an integrated receiving chocolate milkshake to look at the neural basis

of consuming energy on spirits. the test subjects can sip the milkshake through the tubes without moving their heads. what we found out is that the people who never ate ice cream you could trace the reward circuitry everything lit up just beautifully and it activated things are very strongly about in contrast to people who ate ice cream every day showed a very diminished response there was hardly any activation whatsoever illustrating that regular intake of energy dense foods really reduces the pleasure you experience when you consume those foods. the reward circuit is a region of the brain that controls the feeling of pleasure it is particularly responsive to sugar consumption but eating too much ends up weakening its responsibilities so that at the same dose the sensations of pleasure are ultimately reduced. and eric stine says experiment reveals another more subtle perhaps

more pernicious effect. after a diet too rich in sugar the brain becomes hypersensitive to images of food. the more and more you eat ice cream the less and less the reward circuitry is recruited when you consume eyes fim but the more your reward circuitry is or is activated when you see cues that say you might get ice cream so your but your reward circuitry fires up when you see an ice cream store as you're driving down the street or you see a commercial for ice cream on the television the reward circuitry activates much more for people who eat ice cream all the time that it does for people who don't. prophesying in the absence of hunger that drives obesity and weight gain. this direct influence of food on our brain plays a crucial role in what we choose to eat each day.

what happens in the brain at the moment we pick a dessert rather than an appetizer or fish rather than red meat who is really pulling the strings. carlos for a bureau and his team are leading researchers on food choices. what we really want is to find all the components all the genes the molecules the neurons which direct feeding decisions and for that we have to be able to look at very. small effects. the simplicity of this animal model the fly makes it possible to explore new avenues and new hypotheses. to understand the feeding

a view of the fly carlos would be our own has developed a machine that monitors the insects choices in great detail. when it's touching the food which is in the other electrode with its total process then we can measure that with a sensor here which is the same sensor which you use on your i pad on your i phone to detect touch on the screen just here we don't detect the touch screen for the touch of the food and so we can really know dissect that underlies the choice of the fly sheets but also when she's eating from the different food how it eats how much it eats how fast it fell off when i really dissect all the details of the decisions which are controlled by the brain. thanks to this technique he's been able to prove that the main reason for choosing food is 1st of all deficiencies. naturally flies that lack protein will choose protein rich food. but looking more

closely the bureau observed that this is not always the case. sometimes actually we had some flies which didn't have this strong urge to eat protein and then we were wondering why that was the case right and so when we looked at it turned out that the florist's which had no craving for protein had got microbes and so from following up on many experiments we could show that there are 2 specific got microbes which when they are in the fly they suppress frothing for protein appetite and therefore these 2 microbes have a very important influence on protein cravings influence. flies when choosing their diet are influenced by the bacteria in their gut. this unexpected discovery raises an important question does the human intestinal flora

called the micro biome also act on our brains. do our gut bacteria play a role in our food preferences. at the university college cork in ireland jon cryer and does pioneering research on the micro biome. he's been able to prove that gut bacteria can influence certain behaviors in animals as well. when you take. microbes from highly anxious mice and transplant them to normal anxious mice they become much more anxious and vice versa that even when you take them from normal you can normalize the stress response and things. scientists now even consider the micro biome to be

a kind of intermediary a link between food and the brain. the main factor that influences the composition of these microbes is the food we take dieters and the diversity of the diet is really important from the moment we're born until we die in shaping the composition of the microbes and so we're beginning to realize the importance that what we eat has on what's in our microbes and how that's influencing what's going on in our brain. our well being depends in one way or another on our micro biome. a diet that is good for our mood is 1st and foremost and done it to do suitable for the bacteria in our intestines. this is led to the idea of using food to pamper the brain and maintain mental health.

and it is the famous mediterranean diet because the scientists excited. the traditional mediterranean diet is really high in a diverse ranks of plant food so lots of different leafy greens and different colored vegetables but also fruits very importantly legumes so this is your beans and lentils and she pays nothing not some seeds fish and of course all evil oil oil is a very important component of the mediterranean diet and we think that that diversity leads to more diversity in the guttmacher boy the one provided that we've been now got and that diversity in the god has been linked to good health outcomes. we ran the 1st study last year where we recruited $67.00 people with major

depression i received autrey support with a clinical doc to sion now over a 3 month period this trial took place and at the end of that when we measured their depression again we saw that the degree of chinese in their diet correlated with the degree of change in their depression so the more they move towards a mediterranean diet the more their depression improved. using diet to surf the brain. it's an idea that's catching up. scientists are now exploring all kinds of clues. spices used for centuries in traditional indian medicine are now being studied in labs for their benefit for mental health.

great troops and berries or for a weekend on expectations the poll. phenols they contain might be able to rejuvenating neurons and the decline. of our bread fruits and spices the miracle ingredients for eternally young neurons . it's still too early to say for sure. researchers are only just beginning to one cover the secrets of the remarkable relationship between nutrition and the brain. the ideal menu for our little grey cells is still largely unknown but a balanced diverse diet which does without processed food and sugar and favors fruits and vegetables seems so far to be the best recipe for preserving the mental

faculties. like grandmother said you are what you eat so eat well and what we're realizing now is that science is beginning to understand how true the 4th of light of all if we limited the deficiencies with that reduced crime is a little too early to say what we do know is that when you bet on healthy eating it has effects on behavior because the more we overeat snickers bars we become hyper vigilant to snicker curious and we need a lot of snickers and we create that monster ourselves so the best thing to do if you have kids is feed them healthy foods and not getting used to getting this kind of crop. i can't believe i just said crops are.

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is do w. news live from berlin northern italy grinds to a standstill as a quarantine on 16000000 people takes effect prime minister just said be content orders the lockdown to contain a rapidly expanding corona virus outbreak that you create imposes travel and other restrictions and italy's wealthiest and most populous regions also coming up on international women's day we have a report on women's soccer which has been gaining fans and commercial support last years were.