lives to me. i am not too dumb to carry. on my secrets. i have money to my cities days for centuries and accompanied my country through its finest hours until the day i mean. not down to. dance a fool and. this journey begins in the dark a long time ago and stretches far into the future. stone for stone it tells the story of life in what is today thuringia in central germany millions of years ago.

thomas martins is showing his successor tom hooper the bro mocker quarry a fossil site close to the town tom bhakti targets. who can a is taking over as the paleontologist at clayton stein castle in go top home to 290000000 year old treasures from the lower permian period martin spent 40 years digging through the earth's history on the site and hoop and hopes his time will be similarly food full. the brahmachari in the thuringia forest is a very special fossil locality. the most you could say the brawl matter is the only lower permian locality in the world well tracks prints and the track makers that is skeletons basically be found in one layer. to fins and this guy used to be

a common academic consensus was that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown vine green rocks. i guess some academic opinion shouldn't be written in stone. of. thomas martin showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the borough market quarry in 1974. we weren't actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one 1st i didn't recognise it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone just by but then i repaired this white lightning and saw it as a bone as. my then teacher professor on know him on miller and fly back wrote to me . mr martin's you didn't find that here it can't be funny so there's no such thing here services. subsequently except that it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year so

. at the end of the 19th century a footprint left by primitive tetrapods animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block but it come from the quarry. this launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the duke all museum and go to or sold to museums and universities around the world. about 150 years before the bro marker footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off paleontological research around the world. around a is heading to that beginning the geologist of the national geo park insoles bad guy glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and copper mine. parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research.

this is an older excavation know all of this is old. with this and what is this from around $1730.00. in the $1730.00 s. discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever . as a few of us i know the us this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto resource or 1st lizard was around. when that discovering was made here in $733.00 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that he's been told it's now in the natural history museum where the animals was their movie and this is and this chaff dispenser from the front. door was opened as you wrote or a story as was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described which of these lots had that time the people knew nothing about fossils so while it was

not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for you back then people still thought that these shapes have grown inside the rocks by chance sees a few goons with certain to fail you should try to give oxen. so here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region fish disease of the great the engine flood that happened to your 257000000 years ago. on top of the life. which was laid down by the sea the year flood at the central european basin. the wrong here below with a large particles is the conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate form of

. during this time to see stagnated and there was a sludge at the bottom from a poorly ventilated sea lift. this is the layer in which the remains of proto and many other fossils can be found. which was. one geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapods left tracks and wet sand which eventually became modeled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in $833.00. they were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of natural history in the castle books noising and it's arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. in the 19th century people didn't really understand how these pictures walked if you put your

hand on the print you can see if it's really well here. i've been taking the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose a dog was actually a little finger if the clone a few long well despite all the researchers surmised the creatures must have walked crisscross cloyd's which didn't really seem natural to us why that's why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced these curious tracks life on this 4th year would give us the call yours and sort them. out from 833-2851 about 20 different scientific papers are written about them with truffle but we will that's how hot the topic was on the bus to. the hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. and. we can determine the shoulder point and the pelvic point of the animals from their

tracks and how they step. which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animal's proportions in addition the foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group in this case. in archosaurs if you will similar animals have been found into chino switzerland and south america or both methods lead you to order a phantom picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model so. the. beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like today's mammals and dinosaurs before them. this is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earth's history. found a book is a sought after expert for early entry b.s. and set up the museum exhibition like thomas martin's and stefan bonna he stands in

the great tradition of the engine fire. researchers and discoverers. who live fun lynch down for example discovered the skeleton of a neo theropod a carnivore from the triassic period. this ancestor of the t.-rex was named lillian channels after the discovery. down in the museum's archive the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. and published this is a magnificent specimen. and see it for with frank your story which is the white you see when you fly on some plants were swept him but the brink you sorry were the real inhabitants of the lexus. let's take

a look at the larger fossilized skeletons. these still are dinosaurs of their primitive amphibians that lived in the leg during the war or sister really an epic and you won't heal from this was a young. and that's what's particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis. or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton you know that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. through this for a new month so this is the slot open he would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood because. it's also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. this creature may be floating on the surface for a while didn't skin burst. by may have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines can cause the skin to split. in some of.

the in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. of your closet almost in to shield. the tetrapods living in the bone markers site near tom de time probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the rancho was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then mountain surrounded the brahmachari and a river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. the pope and. we need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. it can't be too liquid. it needs to have a plastic consistency. then we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard . and the wind covers it in sand and just going siri it can now stay preserved like

that. as a fossil for millions of years if the additions are right. it was the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the quarry known but the skeletons brought the site to world fame after martin came across the 1st bone here in 1984 people turned every year each time he discovered many fossils . in the 1980 s. i found the 1st goal of the genus in moria. and we knew it was a some morea from comparing it with american literature. that was a big surprise. because it was the 1st example of the genus found in europe and it made this connection clear. tried to reach out to researchers in the u.s. which wasn't easy to do in the g.d.r. . but with the help of the museum it worked. that's

how interest from america from the western world started. this nation's idea. after the fall of the berlin wall martin managed to get one of the world's leading pretty great paleontologists interested in the scientists david berman from the carnegie museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. the 1st and most important thing is that all the things we're finding here 13 different types of animal from more are found nowhere else in europe but they are many of them are found in states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents are together the europe the north america were one continuous land continent. the site was under the care of the. creedence dine which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities.

but a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the borough marker also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. researchers at the carnegie museum of natural history in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. amy had received as collection manager for the section of vertebrate paleontology she is also a fossil prepare and participated in breaux marker quarry excavations discoveries at the bro marker were important for me as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the carnegie museum they are far exceeded incompleteness preservation and also. there is a preparation other fossils that i worked on we started with her. and we were found out of. the week for everything. up to that

in the reason for that. he was a gap. to be able to run by you not only on a car in an upright. but it would move. you know. why. not other animal for this sort of the ramp like the dinosaur. was there a small tie around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t.-rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. of all the discoveries we've made of the burrow marker and the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or baby's cap stock and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was

the one who did. scuppered and we were working in the corrie and i was sort of going into my own will never find a fossil when i looked up a piece of rock and underneath i lifted up and looked at the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didn't know what it was of at the time but we knew from the broker that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles crocodiles and birds that lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore. and this is why researchers in switzerland have taught paths to walk again. the interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the university of berlin and the

core polytechnique. the biologist hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. the engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. i guess one of the think the chinese where like connect control the motors at the same time . very slowly like 5 degrees of freedom in the lake burley. so they're very they're like 5 mortars into like but that was sort of challenging. to get all the degrees of freedom there's a real animal can feel. like. there's never been a walking machine like this there's 28 different motors that control the complete movement. and it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural sequence of movement. you have

all these degrees of x. ability and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations . and in the same time we could play at various scenarios in. the robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago. the world but i don't so we can now use the robot to identify what movements could create tracks like these all of this is happening now is a. professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the previous chiller. university. to measure the bones and tracks digitized them animated them together with specialists and compare their mobility with that of living reptiles today. we found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land that's

going on which meant we had to shift our estimation of when i was active mobility on land had a fault back by 15 to 20000000 years. and go to thomas martin's his grandson and his successor tom who are on their way to the depot of freedom stein castle prepared or obeyed back from the us. was. a skeleton is absolutely complete as far as the most in text gallatin of this kind of animal in the world it. was really crazy seeing something like this. almost picture how it lived how it moved and what it saw. you can see the eye sockets in its skull. this is where the treasures of the are stored among

them the famous tom. 2 fossilized say moria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent called pangea some 300000000 years ago. as if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed . whispering they were whispering to each other. we had the idea to call them the tom box lovers and then because of the famous painting. lowers the world's oldest couple. in here. the demitra don. that's the one with the neural spine sale which had previously only been known for north america but this part of been found in the. these are long along it it's winds that extend from the vertebrae here of the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. this isn't exactly

the same species but it is a demitra dog. it's a little smaller than those found in north america. we now know we had done in europe a dozen which is great with one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal. in here is the defense. is the legs are so long that we think you could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go fast. almost like a dinosaur and although he's not one of us. we also have a posterity or part of pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd this is that back. he's still being prepared in the u.s. but we'll get it back by the end of the year that is if that. i just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. with pleasure i'm adding it to my list. in the quarry of bad

tots but all feather book and stuff are standing and now petrified lake dating from the whole. 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wish list. these still exist today clam shrimp. these bluish white shells were the houses a clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. in the tetrapods that swam in this lake these. you can thank you they're also small crustaceans and here to just maybe will also find some paragraph and. they're looking for. and other larger amphibians but they aren't in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. in the closet

and now we've reached the right stratum and should be long now for the tetrapods jump out again. when it's. lunch might get to my knees are layers where you find a lot and a lot has been preserved in the strata but there are others in which there are tightly packed here and we have the highest tetrapod density in the world keeps flaking there are areas with up to $1500.00 small brink of sorry per square meter of clock it's like opening a tin of sardines and that's how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here to thank you. bunches the real man for my good. the paleontologists found about $500.00 story and a large skull. made for our country too much. money money tree. you don't see much at 1st. but you can open it with

me and then you can see a bit more. and this is the inside view of the skull and there you can see the skull cap it's like this white bone on the other side. you can see the polity on. wouldn't you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long. and centimeter long and this is a canine of the hard palate. he's ok no one has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and i. was all this goal was about so wide and so long dozens of others relatively large. we were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine and some ribs are both still preserved and there

are some blocks where we don't know what's inside yet so we're hoping for more finds what's going through this is something really great because we don't have such big skulls from those of you yet. care will be able to extract this with a few months of work i propose to the skull could belong to an accomplice stoma tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony had been excavated could there soon be a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clearer. what special here in theory is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed to sloth and it's a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep the sense that the range in forest is a narrow mountain range so if i lifted up which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest marks where the market can be

found in little tiny percent you know what a form of bottomless pits and. it's

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and interactive benjamin to frame a lifting demo you. get of the. player . playing. this is news live from berlin european governments take drastic measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus france in spain follow italy in ordering a nationwide shutdown of public life only food shops and pharmacies are to stay open many countries in europe are closing their borders as the number of infections rises. also coming up.