this time europe's expansion for all the world in our series who sleeps. what secrets lie behind. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore world heritage sites. w world heritage 360 get married now. this journey begins in the dark a long time ago and stretches far into the future. stone for stone it tells the story of life in what is today thuringia in central germany millions of years ago.

thomas martins is showing his successor tom hooper the borough mocker quarry a fossil site close to the town tom bhakti tots who can a is taking over as the paleontologist at play in stein castle in go top home to 290000000 year old treasures from the lower permian period martin spent 40 years digging through the earth's history on the site and who can hopes his time will be similarly fruitful. the bro mocker in the thuringia forest is a very special fossil locality. in the season you could say the bra macher is the only lower permian locality in the world where tracks prints and the track makers that is skeletons basically be found in one layer just an island sheesh to fit in this group used to be

a common academic consensus is that no one would ever find body fossils in this kind of reddish brown fine grain rocks. i guess some academic opinion shouldn't be written in stone. of. thomas martin showed the consensus to be mistaken with the help of a bone he found as a young geologist at the blue marker quarry in 1974. we weren't actually looking for bones for execution it happened by coincidence one 1st i didn't recognize it as a bone i thought it was a part of the stone with us but then i prepared this white lie thing and saw it as a bone as. my then teacher perfessor on know him on miller in freiburg wrote to me mr martin's you didn't find that here it can't be funny so there's no such thing here services he subsequently accepted it gave me a symbolic pat on my shoulder and from then onwards i came back here every year so

what more real nerds. at the end of the 19th century a footprint left by primitive tetrapods animals which predate dinosaurs was discovered by chance on a sandstone block that it come from the quarry this launched various excavations the discoveries were brought to the do call museum and go to or sold to museums and universities around the world. about 150 years before the bro marker footprint was unearthed finds from another part of thuringia called bad levenstein had kicked off paleontological research around the world. is heading to that beginning. geologist of the national geo park insoles bad guy glycine is working his way through the corridors of an old cobalt and compromise. parts of the mine have been made accessible again for scientific research.

although this is an older excavation know all of this is old. with this and what is this from around $1730.00. in the $1730.00 s. discoveries were made that would change what we knew and thought about the world forever. as a few of us i know the us this is where one of the 1st specimens of proto resource or 1st lizard was around. when that discovery was made here in 1733 was particularly valuable and this is to suggest this was named after that he's been told it's now in the natural history museum who was there in vain and this is and this shaft from the front. door as was the 1st fossilized primitive reptiles that was ever described with these lots have at that time whose people knew nothing

about fossils so it was not yet generally understood or accepted that these were the remains of former living creatures for you back then abuse people still thought that these shapes have grown inside the rocks by chance he's a feat groove in that sense who fairly soon started to box and beyond. as the heels into this so here we see a recently opened rock which shows us the history of this region fish disease of the great the range in flood that happened to your 257000000 years ago what's on that seen from this new york of its height on top of the water you going to like that. which was laid down by the see the year. flooded the central european base and. i need to test the rock here below with the large particles is that they shine conglomerate after that we have a time period which lasted around 15000 years when this black copper slate for this

. is it's. during this time to see stagnated and there was a sludge at the bottom from a poorly ventilated sea lift. or this is the layer in which the remains of proto rose saurus and many other fossils can be found all. over for. one geological period and many dramatic climate changes later primitive tetrapods left tracks in wet sand which eventually became mottled sunstone the fossilized tracks were discovered in $833.00 in the nearby vincent corry. they were the very 1st trace fossils to be described in the history of science part of the trace fossil is on display in the museum of natural history in the castle battles books noising and it's arguably the most beautiful plate showing 3 crossing tracks. in the 19th century people didn't really understand how these pictures walked if

you put your hand on the print you can see if it's really well here. taking the position of the tracks into account it became clear that the suppose a dog was actually a little finger if the clock the fuel would distill the researchers surmised the creatures must have walked criss cross cloyd's which didn't really seem natural to us why that's why people were always very uncertain what kind of animals produced this curious drugs life. with you would give you some to. sort them. out from 833-2851 about 20 different scientific papers were written about them it was true. that's how hot the topic was on the. the hand shaped prints led to the animals being called hand beast this remains their name to this day. and. we can determine the shoulder point and the point of the animals from their tracks

and how they step. which means we can estimate and reconstruct the animal's proportions in addition a foot morphology can be used to determine the animal group in this case the pseudo sushi in our course or through us all will similar animals have been found to chino switzerland and south america. both methods we do know or defend some picture which we used as the basis for a reconstructed model. of. the hand beast is an ancestor of crocodiles and belongs to the crown group of dinosaurs it had a fluid gait like today's mammals and dinosaurs before them. this is one of the many details contained in the tour through 300000000 years of the earth's history. col found a book is a sought after expert for early amphibians and set up the museum exhibition like

thomas martin's and stefan bonna he stands in the great tradition of the engine fossil researchers and discoverers. google who live fun lynch down for example discovered the skeleton of a neo theropod a carnivore from the triassic period. this ancestor of the t.-rex was named lillian sternness after the discovery. down in the museum's archives the history of the earth lies tucked inside drawers a picture of the evolution of living creatures millions of years ago can be reconstructed stone for stone. and this is a magnificent specimen. and see it for with frank your story which is why you see when you learn some plants were swept him but the brink you sorry were the real inhabitants of the linksys. on the model let's take

a look at the largest loss of life skeletons. these still are dinosaurs of their primitive amphibians that lived in the leg during the war or sister really an epic and this was a young. and that's what's particularly interesting with the skeleton is that it still has its last excrement in its pelvis. or fossilized feces preserved with the skeleton you know that tells us something about the circumstances under which this animal died. so this in the slot open he would enjoy getting buried in a lake by a mud flood because. it's also possible to analyze what happened in that lake afterwards. this creature may be floating on the surface for a while you still get skin burst. by may have some examples of that happening because of the heat and gas in the intestines because the skin to split.

it did in this case the skin burst in the spine came out. of your closet always to . show. the tetrapods living in the brahmachari site near tom de time it's probably also fell victim to a mudslide 285000000 years ago a flood caused by heavy rainfall in the rancho was then close to the equator periods of drought alternated with monsoon rains back then mountains surrounded the car and a river and its pools served as watering holes for animals. and. we need a very soft medium like this mud here and it needs to be moldable. it can't be too liquid. it needs to have a plastic consistency. and we need the sun to dry it out which makes it very hard. and the wind covers it in sand and just good siri it can now stay preserved like

the. it is a fossil for millions of years if the additions are right. as the tracks found in the borough marker in the 19th century made the corrie known but the skeletons brought the sign to world famed after martins came across the 1st bone here in 1984 he returned every year each time he discovered maine fossils. in the 1980 s. i found the 1st goal of the genus in morea hair. and we knew it was a some morea from comparing it with american literature. that was a big surprise. because it was the 1st example of the genus found in europe and it made this connection clear. tried to reach out to researchers in the u.s. which wasn't easy to do in the g.d.r. . but with the help of the museum it worked. that's

how interest from america from the western world started. this nation's idea. after the fall of the berlin wall martin managed to get one of the world's leading vertebrate paleontologists interested in the borough marker scientists david berman from the carnegie museum in pittsburgh pennsylvania. the 1st and most important thing is that all the things we're finding here 13 different types of animals are more are found nowhere else in europe but they are many of them are found in states or north america which goes to prove biologically that the 2 continents are together that europe and north america were one continuous land continent. the science was under the care of the. president stein which stopped the excavation in 2010 the reason given was that there are more important priorities.

but a group of researchers in berlin have said they want to continue digging in the bone marker also because the site with its combination of tracks and track makers is unique and the skeletons are exceptionally well preserved. researchers at the carnegie museum of natural history in pittsburgh have been working on extracting and cleaning the skeletons for years. amy henry see is a collection manager for the section of vertebrate paleontology she is also a fossil prepare and participated in bro marker quarry excavations discoveries at the bro marker were important for me as a fossil prepared or because they are the best fossils i prepared in my career at the carnegie museum they far exceeded incompleteness preservation and also. there is a preparation of other fossils that i worked on we started prefer. and we were found out of. the week for everything. up to

that and the reason for that. he was with gap would be. to be able to run by you not only on our way through the upright. but remove. you know. that from not you know other animals for thought this sort of but the real life the dinosaur. was there a small tie around a source in germany 170000000 years before the 1st real t.-rex appeared on earth actually the 2 are unrelated except for that as the small one is called also walked on 2 legs it may have been the 1st to do so. of all the discoveries we've made of the burrow marker and the one that sticks in my mind the most is the discovery of or baby's pap's style and one of the reasons this was my favorite is because i was

the one who did. scuppered and we were working in the quarry and i was sort of going into my own will never find a fossil when i lived there obviously broad and i did do that with the underside and there was an articulated foot and we didn't know what it was out of at the time but we knew from the probe that if you found an articulated foot there was a good chance that you would have a whole skeleton. is a close relative of the last common ancestor of mammals lizards snakes turtles crocodiles and birds that lived around 290000000 years ago shortly after vertebrates 1st came out of the water and stepped onto the shore and this is why researchers in switzerland have taught pap style to walk again. the interdisciplinary project is a joint effort of the institute of file logy of the university of berlin and the

ecole polytechnique. on. the biologists hope this early land can shed light on evolutionary history. the engineers hope it will help them develop robots that can save lives in emergencies. i guess one of the think which i. connect control of the motors at the same thing. for a story like 5 degrees so presuming like. so they're very they're like 5 mortars into like 10 different sort of challenging. to get all the degrees of freedom there's a real animal control. there's never been a walking machine like this there's 28 different motors that control the complete movement. and it was a big challenge for the robotics specialists to create this kind of natural

sequence of movement. if. you have all these degrees of x. ability and where you have to solve problems such as hand and foot joint rotations . and in the same time we could play at various scenarios in. the robot can reproduce the tracks that the baso left behind 300000000 years ago. but i don't so we can now use the robot to identify what movements could create tracks like. this and happen that's a. professor in the uk a tourist started the project at the university. he measured the bones and tracks digitized them animated them together with specialists and compared their mobility with that of living reptiles today. we found that the movement of these animals was already very well adapted to life on land. which meant we had to

shift our estimation of when i could activate mobility on land at a fault back by 15 to 20000000 years and the. thomas martin's his grandson and his successor tom who are all the way to the depot of castle have prepared. back from the us. was. a skeleton is absolutely complete as far as the most in taxes gallatin of this kind of animal in the world. it. was really crazy seeing something like this. you can almost picture how it lives how it moved and what it saw. you can see the eye sockets in that skull. this is where the treasures of the pro mocker are stored

among them the famous tom. 2 fossilized samaria the discovery was the 1st biological proof that europe and the us were still a super continent called pangea some 300000000 years ago. as if they had been saying goodbye to one another one last time before they were engulfed . whispering they were whispering to each other. we had the idea to call them the tom box lovers because of the famous painting. lovers the world's oldest couple. in the here is the demitra don. that's the one with the neural spine sale which had previously only been known for north america but this part have been found in the brahmachari. these are long along it it's lines that extend from the vertebrae here at the individual for every this is what carried the neural spine so. this isn't exactly the same species but

it is a demitra. it's a little smaller than those found in north america but hey we now know we had your mentor taught in europe as from toy which is great with one of our goals is to someday find a complete animal. in here is the difference. is the legs are so long that we think he could also run on his hind feet when he wanted to go fast. fast almost like a dinosaur and although he's not one of us. we also have a posterity or part of pelvic bone in the extremities of a 2nd just so there's that back there he's still being prepared in the us. but we'll get it back by the end of the year and see if that. i just finding another you missed during the next excavations is definitely one of my wishes. was over with pleasure i'm adding it to my list. in the quarry of bad

tabards but i'll fetch the book and stuff on down or are standing in a now petrified lake dating from the whole kent or scissor rally and 295000000 years ago these 2 paleontologists also have a wish list. of these still exist today planned trip. these bluish white shells were the houses a clam shrimp which are sort of like small crabs. in the tetrapods that swam in this lake these. weekend thank you because they're also small crustaceans and here to. maybe will also find some paragraph and. they're looking for brown and other larger amphibians but they aren't in the right layer yet the digger still needs to remove a few 1000 years of petrified time. you're thinking

now we've reached the right stratum it should be long now before the tetrapods jump out again. when. lunch might get to my knees are layers where you find a lot and a lot has been preserved in the stratum one but there are others in which there are tightly packed here and we have the highest after pod density in the world gets flexion there are areas with up to $1500.00 small brink you saw per square meter it's like opening a tin of sardines and that's how packed the brink you sorry sometimes are here thank you. bunches the real munch my good. the paleontologists found about $500.00 broncos sorry and a large skull. hunters who want. to make. monkey money. you don't see much at 1st.

but you can open it with me and then you can see a bit more. and this is the inside of the skull and there you can see the skull cap it's like this white bone on the other side. here you can see the politician on. wouldn't you and this is a large tooth that broke off at the base about one centimeter long. long and this is a canine of the hard palate. it's ok no one has lebron to donte an unfolding of the dentate. which tells us this is a labyrinth a daunting to do and i. was the oldest girl was about so wide and so long dozens of others are relatively large to this instrument and i think we were also able to recover other parts of the skeleton and we found the spine or some ribs are both still preserved as if there are some blocks where we don't know what's inside

yet so we're hoping for more finds what's going through this is something really great because we don't have such big skulls from those of you yet. care will be able to extract this with a few months of work i propose to the skull could belong to an account post on the tops 2 years ago researchers found one in. before that only small skulls and single skeleton bones from saxony have been excavated put there soon be a complete skeleton with every new find the picture of life 295000000 years ago becomes clearer. what's special here in the range is that the wrote this is eerie and is so exposed to sloth and it's a large section which is more than 3 to 4 kilometers thick if you keep the sense that the range in forest is a narrow mountain range so it's i lifted up which means that everything is accessible from the deepest layers of the middle to the highest parts where the

broad market can be found in the midst of entirely disagree sometimes what a form of thoughtfulness to.

the flock. they were mutating into a nameless mass. their bodies mere tools in the history of the slave trade for the stray. stripes of the green color and confidence plummeted an entire continent into chaos and more this time europe's expansion for all the gold in the

world in our series of flip flops. to mock. every journey begins with the 1st step and every language but the 1st word published in the. greek opens in germany to learn german why not learn english helps a simple online on your mobile and free to sap d w z. learning course nikos fake german made him see. good use crime fighters are back to africa's most successful in radio drama series continues simplicities of the stories focus on hate speech color of the mention of sustainable charcoal production. all of a'sssos are available online and of course you can share and discuss on africa's facebook page and other social media platforms. crime fighters

to mindanao. get. tells my story. of the people who climbs me build slate dedicated to me. and not saddam to play the same. player listen closely and i will tell you about players who are good to me on the end of the loose only downplay i am not too dumb to play. mocks my city days for centuries and accompanied my country through its finest alums. of the day i mean a fun place. i'm

still not too dumb to publish. april 8th. a book of. play. play play. play. this is the news live from berlin the coronavirus shutdown gets even tighter across europe germany is the latest country to announce closures sealing off borders with france austria and switzerland beginning on monday meanwhile bars in paris serve their final drinks as a ransom orders all nonessential businesses to close and spain goes.