a lot going on in. germany tried and tested trick in. 30 minutes on. happiness is for every human penis is a very different from primates we have totally ridiculous. view of nature. and this is climate change brags that sex is how feed us in books you get smarter for free get over your books. you're watching to morrow today the science show on t w coming up. a polar research vessel is drifting with an arctic ice floe we talked to the expedition leader about the mission. we also meet a physicist to use hoping to revolutionize wind energy with an airborne power plant

. and we have to morocco where research project ends to turn farmers into insect guardians. nearly 130 years ago norwegian explorer frithiof nonsense froze his ship from into the arctic ice sheet and his crew spent months drifting towards the north pole measuring the salt content and temperature of the water and observing the ocean currents. in september 29th teen a german research ship set off in the wake of the fram expedition with an international team of researchers on board. the cole launched and set sail from problems or in norway settled into an ice floe and is now on its way through the arctic ocean. trapped in the arctic ice surrounded by. the

dark polar night the research vessel palash down is stuck out of reach of ice breakers until june although the arctic is called the epicenter of global climate change there still isn't enough data about what's happening there. expedition head to marcus next is back on the mainland and describes what it felt like when the vessel got trapped in the ice. it's a strange feeling just when you've gotten used to things the interior of the ice begins to shift major pressure events make the ice crack. ridges of ice might bump into the ship making it tremble we're jerk and it's noisy clatters and squeaks sometimes the ship is propelled several metres through the ice and we might find ourselves moving again for a few minutes or maybe half an hour. then suddenly it's over and it's quiet again. a large research camp has sprouted up near the vessel there are 100 tons of

scientific equipment here many kilometers of electric cables and measuring stations located up to 50 kilometers away the very presence of the poor can affect the measurements it's an alien object here billowing smoke into the sky. also has an impact on its surroundings we emit greenhouse gases which disseminate into the atmosphere. which settles on the ice nearby. that's why we set up measuring stations at increasing distances from the. to assess what processes are taking place and where in the ice. the vicinity near the vessel is a kind of microcosm for what might happen in the future if shipping increases in the arctic up and emits a lot of. this farther away we see the arctic as it is now so our presence

allows us to measure the future impact of shipping on the arctic. human one section of the research village on the ice scientists conducting atmospheric measurements sometimes using miss piggy a weather balloon how is heat transmitted through the polar atmosphere how are clouds formed those are just 2 of the more than 100 climate parameters that are being monitored over time. every month another 50 terabytes of scientific data. all the research is a hoping to get a better sense of what will happen in what's been dubbed the new arctic some of the changes they're already playing to see the increasingly thin and fragile ice. expected that we derive and look for an ice floe that would be thick enough for us even that wasn't easy. then i figured that we would see cracks and some shifting

but it was more than i anticipated. and one of the defining moments was when we were told come out on to the bridge quickly met city is sailing by. a fair. city is a huge conglomeration of various measuring instruments. it was on an ice floe that broke off and just drifted past the ship. the whole situation is more dramatic than i anticipated. beneath the ice a diving robot is collecting data even in the deepest arctic winter the water is still teeming with life. like this blue bioluminescent so plankton for example a camera also captures a polar card and even a seal. after 5 months in the dark the polar night is over for the next few months the sun won't set

a tall and the arctic will awaken from its winter slumber. and this next phase working to see how the ecosystem responds to the returning light. how quickly will life blossom again as the long arctic winter and. which species will become active 1st and which ones will hunting each other what's the sequence of species we'll see waking up in this ecosystem that's what we'll be doing in the next phase of. the research vessel would continue its mission in the arctic ocean until september for now still frozen in the polar ice. if you want to keep track of the polish down then there's at the website follow dot mosaics dash expedition dog. you'll find information and updates on the most

ambitious polar expedition in history. while some drift with the sea ice others let the winds do the work wind is the horizontal movement of their with a defined direction and speed. winds in the upper atmosphere are stronger and faster than at the surface of the planet that phenomenon got one scientists thinking about harnessing the power of the wind not with a turbine anchored in the ground but with a flying object such as a drone. this aircraft is a flying power plant. that aims to harness the energy of strong winds in our atmosphere. the higher we go the stronger they get.

the airborne wind turbine was the brainchild of rolf look singer and i do you design to quite literally bring a breath of fresh air to the wind energy sector. or is it easy ornish vision is to finally harness the full potential of wind power the wind blows strongest higher up in the atmosphere and in particular far out over the sea. to. the physicist or north wants to reinvent wind energy no less he and his team a twin tech have set themselves high aims this is how their technology works. we have here the so-called energy drone the switch on news propellers for taking off and landing. and it can rise until it reaches strong winds. then like a. fish flies backwards and forwards. it circles. it pulls on its

tether. which unwinds. clear through the rotation of the cable spool turns a generator. which turns this momentum into electricity. through. the most difficult part has been making sure the tethered wing takes off and land safely now they're concentrating on the energy generation stage. in this production hole in the swiss city of dubin doff looks and his team developed in constructed the flying wind power plant. but do we really need a new take of wind energy. if you look at the wind turbines we've got today. before. we need a huge mast tons of concrete to get the turbines to the elevation where the wind is

blowing strongly. if it's being. we just need to swing to get up there. i'll go even higher. without all of the structures or need. to go into the wood it's been. 10 years ago he was still experimenting with partially inflatable kites. in 2013 he switched to kites that looked like aircraft. from the landing and takeoff where the sticking points. we're really entering new territory. that only happens when you prepared to push

your boundaries. and when the craft crashes that's all part of it. it's been an important learning process. but now they've achieved a major breakthrough for the 1st time they've created a system that demonstrates the whole process from takeoff to energy generation to landing much to the pleasure of its inventor. this is the vision that we've been working towards for years to see it finally working is absolutely brilliant. this high flying team has its sights set primarily on the off shore segment. they dream of entire wind farms driven by their technology.

is really a lot of space and good wind conditions is out over the sea. turbines in today's offshore wind farms all still have to be anchored to the seabed. so they can only be erected in shallow waters. in europe around great britain between great britain and norway there is so much wind out there at sea. that it could cover the energy needs of europe many many times over. the ages prototype is about to go into a prominent testing phase. but more capital is needed before it can be rolled out commercially. one problem that still needs to be solved though is that offshore wind turbines

have a damaging environmental impact these turbines contain aluminum so they don't rust as say iron would but when they do corrode the metal ends up in the water. all materials no matter how robust they are will inevitably corrode whether or decompose. but what about materials out in space. if you are in argentina sent in a question about that. does matter also where down in space. the earth's atmosphere extends hundreds of kilometers out into space. up at the orbit of the international space station the i s s material slowly undergoes space weathering. the atmosphere there is thin but it contains some highly reactive atomic oxygen. oxygen atoms have even attacked to the surface of the hubble space

telescope which orbits the earth 100 kilometers higher than the i s s. another risk factor for materials in space is bombardment by micrometeoroid these tiny rock particles raced through the universe at high velocities. many of them form one large asteroids collide. their destructive power is plain to see on the moon where the upper layer of rock has been pulverized by such many projectiles. the i.s.a.'s has also taken a number of hits. each impact leaves a tiny sharp edged crater. micrometeoroid can damage the protective suits of astronauts on the. bass walks. and in 1903 the 1st crew sent up to service the hubble telescope brought this damaged solar panel back to earth with them.

yet another cause of space weathering is cosmic rays from distant galaxies as well as from the sun. high energy particles from the sun can cause electronic equipment on satellites to short circuit. and also the sun's ultraviolet radiation can harm photovoltaic panels. it damages their light sensitive layer and reduces their electrical output. the solar cells on the soho spacecraft have apparently already lost a quarter of their power since it was launched in 1995. how much each factor contributes to space weathering depends on where the material is located in our solar system. if outlet is right why avi

even if. some questions aren't easy to answer but that shouldn't stop you asking them send us your science question as a video text or voicemail if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you come on just ask. you'll find more science stories on our website and to get in touch on twitter and facebook. and on our facebook page we are still you how do you feel about insects do you like them or not do you have a favorite insect. in mind welly from tanzania wrote personally the insect i love most is the grasshopper because you can also eat it on the other hand i like butterflies because of their beauty and these days they're becoming a rare species. brenda's favorite insects are the praying mantis or the jumping spider and the lady bird.

how many are loves butterflies and hates bed bugs. and terror wrote all animals are necessary and every one of them plays a role in our environment personally i think butterflies are beautiful. of course certain kinds of insects are annoying and disrupt our peace but they too exist for a reason. the question is for how much longer the world is home to millions of insect species they're the most diverse group of organisms on the planet but they're dying out 252500000 species have become extinct since industrialisation began and the consequences for humanity could be catastrophic scientists have issued a stark warning insects play a vitally important role in the ecosystem as pollinators. they actually collect

nectar for their own purposes drawn by the fragrance and color of the flowers. in the process they transfer pollen from one flower to the stigma of another flower helping the pumps to reproduce. the person is called pollination. and those who transport the pollen pollinators. pollination was originally carried out by the wind. but in the process of evolution insects and animals have increasingly taken over. their work is important 75 percent of crops from cocoa beans to pumpkins depend on pollinators. and if you include all flowering plants it's nearly 90 percent. bees are probably the best known pollinators and can be found all over the world. but flies also transport pollen. has to be

moths. and butterflies in tropical and subtropical regions but also help to pollinate along with fun so they like flowers with strong smelling slimy nectar. in madagascar the so-called travellers tree is pollinated by lima. but the most important pollinators for farmers worldwide are insects domestic honey bees alone can pollinate all the food crops. wild pollinators are often more productive. in the case of the apple blossom for example a wild mason is 80 times more effective as a pollinator. but it's the insect diversity that western creases the yield in the case of coffee more fruit is produced when various types of bees pollinate the flowers and when the same number of bees from only one species are involved.

the problem is insect diversity is in decline some food crops like rice or wheat manage without pollinators but many nutrient rich fruits and vegetables can't do that. a lack of pollinators could lead to crop losses which could in turn in danger future curity war as land is converted into farmland many insects find their natural habitat dwindling disappearing completely conventional farming often involves huge monocultures here pollinators find only a limited choice of flowers if any at all and only for a limited period they've also been hit by the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. so how can pollinators be protected we need to preserve the habitat of insects and we all need to understand their importance insects need protecting just

as much as the big impressive animals and the cute and cuddly ones. there's a lot farmers can do to help protect habitats. they can plant insect friendly beds next to their crop fields. but that's only a viable option in affluent countries such as germany where the state can help subsidize farmers so they don't make a loss but in morocco farmers are also making efforts to protect pollinators without compromising their harvests. so here we are taking group yeah ok research requires time and patience these scientists are counting every single flower on this cherry tree let's that the ground i take the lead and see also the smaller one there is one we just just established and really very small. the tree is part of

a plantation that's being farmed using an innovative method successfully it would seem. but you might walk from 50 this is an amazing result. as well as cherry trees a range of other trees and plants are growing here that attract beneficial insects . there's even a special habitat for them to nest in. your model now there's a theory morocco we've already conducted experiments with apple trees they show that the methods resulted in higher yields than in the control fields who's a good looking plug. fab is an acronym for farming with alternative pollinators the idea is that farmers grow their main crop a plant for example but like on the fruit plantation they also grow plants that attract many different insects in other words pollinators that way the farmers are

protecting insect populations while also boosting their yields control fields where only the main crops grow show if the idea works many people in morocco live from agriculture which is why stephanie cust man set up a research project here the experiments are being conducted in a range of regions with different climatic conditions which plants are grown depends on whether the region is average or wet. and as this is semi i read it in the course of climate change this area might become more dry so for the farmers 20 years or 30 years it will be very important that the pollinators are still around so they can shift pollinator dependent crops or to give a higher revenue drop off or to cooperation with farmers is an important aspect of the project unfortunately they don't necessarily realize what a crucial role insects play in their harvests researches have established the told

though they know about honeybees they know little about wild pollinators unfortunately the majority or farmers are illiterate so it's always difficult to explain to them how the permeation and the poor natures improvements to have a good yield and also for for for a system so for the farmers we try to explain very easily and we don't really talk about probably nature is but we talk about insect in 6 visits but the flowers the fab project is based in robot the capital the institute belongs to the international center for agricultural research in the dry areas or in canada houses a collection of sounds of insects found by the scientists during their field experiments many pollinators that exist in morocco have yet to be identified it's easy to get various species mixed up. sikes i can say it's

10 percent or 20 percent but i always ask i cannot say this isn't also for a for example and say ok this is not a for have discussion in the team discussion with our supervisor with people who are really specialists in this field and then we say ok this is this is the genius and this is the final decision because. stephanie crist months project has the backing of the moroccan agricultural ministry. it organizes workshops in villages for farmers to learn about the fab initiative. with. their most important is that the farmers learn about pollinators that they recognise their needs and that they know what is the farm next but they provide service and support for the pardon like this and that they realise that they have higher income and that they will need less chemicals they know but it is fine. the

pilot project will run for another 2 years hopefully the fop method will then be rolled out in other countries in africa. you know he's a very very good condition very good. on an upcoming show we'll be catching up with some researchers who are observing giant ocean forces what effect they have on the seas in the climate to me and again to find out to see you soon bye bye.

call on the road with our superheroes my mission is clear kushti good antony closely should explore in germany. they dug down. everything out there's a lot going on in. germany tried and tested again. coming

up on w. and clubs to artists my family has some under threat. the crisis is also a catalyst for creativity. new directions while the arts take in response to lock downs and fears. 21. 30 minutes on d w. w's crime fighters are back africa's most successful radio drama series continues. this season the stories focus on hate speech cholera prevention. sustainable

charcoal production all of a sow's are available online and of course you can share and discuss on africa's facebook page and other social media platforms. crime fighters tune in no. just tells my story. of the people who found me oh no sooner did he can say mines to me. i am not too dumb to come.

clean on my secrets. i have monta my city's days for centuries and accompanied my country through its finest hour winds until the day i mean. not tied down did not leave this dance a fool a. mob . this is d.w. news and these are our top stories german chancellor angela merkel is at home in quarantine after coming into contact with a doctor who tested positive for corona virus that announcement came shortly after german authorities banned gatherings of more than 2 people and ordered restaurants

to close. italy has ordered all non-essential industrial activity to wind down as it battles to contain the spread.