it's a stretch but it's this hope that has kept him going for the past 15 years. and the smiles on the faces of those he has helped smiles he may not be able to see under the new masks but he still knows they're there. you're watching the news don't forget al website is there for all the latest news and information around the clock it's dot com i'm michael local invalid thanks for joining us. on. the. set. to go beyond. the stories that matter to. us. whatever it takes. to running. things looking at how you made 4 mines.

that reprogram your family. out about the. last. past and present in the weimar republic the ideology of ethno nationalism was widespread and eventually became the foundation of the nazi regime scooped in the 'd stream right in germany today is clearly drawing upon this old focus ideology this ethno nationalism this was right wing extremists today are stoking fears of immigration and what they call the great replacement stuff because i was cautious you know great replacement is when the majority population the native population is displaced and replaced by my. in already when the ethnic composition of

a population is turned on its head. and once again the new rides at no nationalist ideas are companied by racism and anti semitism. everyone knows which old parasites were talking about. the new right rejects today's germany and believes the time is ripe for a national transformation by. there's a belief i think it's a delusional one that the time has come to overthrow the system they hate to overthrow democracy what some call it.

what does the germany of today have to do with the via our republic of nearly a century ago what do they have in common what parallels can we draw to a time just before the nazi regime seized power sweeping away hope freedom and peace. is. this simple and catchy slogan bolin is not weimar that's a trivialization of history historical constellations don't repeat themselves in this one to one kind of a way we go with the slogan also offers a kind of false reassurance it implies we don't need to give much thought to anti democratic developments that might be on the way suggests that this comparison is meaningless but i believe that some of what's happening now requires us to do exactly that to undertake this comparison the same kind of assault on democracy that happened in the weimar republic is being revived in a big way. poor boy if. history might not repeat itself but we can still learn from

it students at a high school in cologne are rehearsing a play about holocaust survivor to mark dreyfus who lost much of her family in the nazi concentration camps. working with germany's association for information and counseling for the survivors of nazi persecution they want to show how her story is still relevant to the present day. one of the we're doing and indeed it's a stock market by performing this piece we might be able to get people interested in the whole issue again trying to hide the past is important we can learn from it so that we don't make the same mistakes of what we don't where the next reference of in school you notice that jokes about jews have become funny again those kinds of jokes are acceptable again. to ma dr who is has also observed the reemergence of racism and anti-semitism and believes that something needs to be done now to

counter the trend 'd his article after you once said remembering isn't enough we have to act what if that doesn't happen or slim that would be bad then it will grow we have to keep repeating this message day in and day out much some people may say we don't want this we don't want to hear this anymore it's over but you have to remember without remembrance there is no future who i burned when in 1929 during the weimar republic 11 years after the end of the 1st world war. i germany had been a democracy for 10 years but now its enemies were circling rallying on the streets and even in parliament. was indeed an organ and we have seen that this new german parliamentary and party system is hypocritical and socially corrupt places the it is an enemy of our fatherland i. once was fired. up but who can bear was chairman of the german

national people's party and a leader of the right. the. watergate at the time political parties and of weimar republic were under attack there was a widespread feeling that germans didn't need multiple political parties all they needed was a single true representative of the people that a strong leader a strong single party just. that's what we're seeing again today or in the populace the radical right are saying we are the true people we represent the people everyone else is being manipulated and is acting against the people's interests and does because you block. the major parties have been preying on the state and turn the government of our nation and people into an arena for ideological experiments the a.f.d. is our country's last chance to evolve in the right direction otherwise we must prepare to fight of. the day is called bits as leader of the f.t.

and brandenburg and has extensive contacts with neo nazi youth organizations the party is putting its faith in the younger generations. many in the weimar republic also recognized the importance of youth organizations churches professional associations sports clubs and political parties all expected the postwar generation to grab the reins and shape the country's future. by the time the nazis had seized power it was not just the hitler youth who had been converted many young people believe that democracy had become obsolete tarnished by the older generation that had led germany into the 1st world war ideas of race and ethnicity had become the hallmarks of national unity the individual was nothing the people everything their bond to blood and soil was to be purged of alien elements leaving behind only the pure body of the people. who have it is that what it is that could be no

contradictions within the supposedly biologically p.o. national community the body of the people it couldn't countenance any form of plurality of conflicts of interest competing interests had to be cornish to all of these things that we now accept as part of modern math society where rejected as fundamentally hostile fire. germany's student fraternities were part of this youth movement by not. 24 their writings were drawing on these ideas. the ethnic nation as the source of political action every citizen is obligated to act in the national interest their actions must be guided only by the desire to preserve and promote the ethnic lifeway of our people. on screen you know to go into the traditions of the german fraternity has also drawn the ethno nationalist and anti semitic ideologies of the 1920 s. and thirty's that has now fraternities serve as

a breeding ground for radical right wing parties and think tanks and for the whole right wing operator. the german fraternities are still the elite schools of germany's extreme right their traditions are unchanged. but how much of this has no nationalist ideology still remains. we meet the fraternity spokesman philip stein and hala. what i want is for peoples and populations to preserve their relative homogeneity their traditions. how is that different from nazi racial theory. well racial theory is based on something very different ethnicity doesn't mean everyone is blonde everyone has beautiful straight teeth or a particular shape of skull people is made up of a variety of qualities that have evolved organically over the centuries and i'm asking about this tradition of racial theory because it also involved this fear of intermingling. well as i've explained. to fit

a kinship and identity along with language and religious confession and are some of the things that define a nation. and of course kinship in identity include some things that have nothing to do with racial theory but just with forms of expression with human forms. form as a this is like what. well take a look around this. it's pretty easy for me to see that you're a german or european. of one so it's pretty clear that certain physical characteristics define a people at least most of what i would call people that's actually a pretty ordinary fact. but that's a racist or racial point of view. why racial. i don't want to somehow define people by the shape of their skulls or the kind of crazy stuff that the national socialists propagated but that's not it just goes

without saying that certain characteristics are what define the identity of a people. so where are these ideas coming from is this existence this is an existential racist motive force has been part of radical right wing ideology for some 200 years and it's constantly finding new language and new terminology for its ideas like substituting the word race with words like culture or identity it is that they want society to be homogenous along ethnic lines if you want to change the things that define germany as a state today many people who are obviously german citizens are not perceived as germans through the prism of ethno nationalism that's what they want to the sets. to monteith who has witnessed how racism and anti-semitism gave rise to segregation persecution and murder. she and her family lived in the lithuanian capital of vilnius. in 1041 when she was 3 years old the german army occupied the city

her mother hid her but then she and her parents were rounded up and sent to the city's jewish ghetto. one day her father was taken away and shot not long afterwards tomar and her mother were put on a train to a death camp. along the way the train made a brief stop her mother saw a chance to escape. as if by a miracle they got away unnoticed and went underground for years and survived. to mark dreyfus has been living in cologne for many years today she feels that she's witnessing a revival of the past a resurgent racism and hostility towards immigrants nourished by the very same ideology she feels an obligation to tell her story educate people and warn them what to sanju says and my face is probably to stay here and do what i do i mean this is like a drop of water on a hot stone that many trucks can make stone melt and i hope our collective lot of

drops in my time. so i am sorry i am today nationalism has returned to germany streets under the guise of a right wing protest movement. fears of a nation under threat of national decline are being whipped up to justify the anger . the smell of decay from a dying democracy is wafting through the country in this situation dear friends and i say this is a citizen loyal to the state oh duty is not to remain calm a civic duty is one of her. rage anger defiance and civil disobedience we must take out country but. you know. that's fact. it's getting

in shape and to bend in the midst of you you know hope. in. the radical right both in the 1920 s. and today it regards liberal democracy as a process of to klein and decay and it supposedly leads to crime and to infiltration by foreigners and other disasters. this view doesn't have much to do with reality if you took one in the weimar republic monarchists and supporters of a one party system saw parliament and the democratic parties as the enemy. the social democrats with their ideas of liberalism or especially hated the communists were agitating from the left the d.m.v. and increasingly the nazi party from the right. they called for parliament and political parties to be abolished. thing but i don't think i'm.

right let me give you but i know. that. the. i think i do. i think you have that at a time. today the f.d.a. is trying to claim the mantle of savior. they see the government and other political parties as enemies of the people. the i pad thai traditional political parties are trapped in their multicultural republican make tricks and musty outdated cowardly good the refined and even discounts of invasive dear friends of the chancellor wants to create a fait accompli before she resigns it in before she wants to make the great replacement irreversible don't ask me what her motives are for some reason she has something against the german people and how c.

address skiing that starts a ford. escape in and i don't want to create a different country a country without immigrant families a country without a liberal culture and a cosmopolitan globalized economy that essentially talking about a form of national socialism is not so 9 thoughts on this point. in the german parliament the bundestag the a.f.p. serves as a catch all for the far right that survives by whipping up discontent and anger. many of the voters have lost faith in the state and political system. only one to 4 percent of voters from the mainstream established parties say they're dissatisfied with democracy in germany but among left wing voters that figure is 31 percent among a of the voters 41 percent. this dissatisfaction with the democratic system paired with no nationalism has also drawn dreams of middle class

voters were many of whom share these views. even before the f.d.a. was founded as a certain segment in german society held much more conservative. if not to say right wing i defy racist views than were reflected in uncle america's christian democratic party but there was no one on the stage who said this openly or with an air of credibility and legitimacy. and feel if he has succeeded in doing just that out there and now racist values and world views and not just being forceful but openly expressed. often limited to is a right wing extremist believes also exist in the center of society that we'd like to think of as a kind of bastion a line of defense and we tend to think of right wing extremism as taking place on the political french something that you can get back on the control because it's

just an isolated minority but that's not really true me these attitudes are widespread you'll find many segments of society. 2 right wing extremism can persist over generations this is shown by a study conducted by the university of munich which examined rhineland. and gotten back to federal states where immigration has been less of a factor. they found that areas that voted for the nazis in $133.00 shown here in red gave a larger share of their vote to the in the 2017 parliamentary elections shown here in blue. its interest on a conveyor are astonishing continue to use in electoral behaviors that go back to the time of national socialism. this shows us that the political culture the radical right wing attitudes don't suddenly disappear or change overnight that's continuity these attitudes are passed down in families and communities. of.

the new far right and the cut their teeth on the. streets this is where they recruit their followers. just like the nazis in the weimar republic at 1st the nazis were irrelevant fringe movement but they were determined to become a visible force and grow. not you know. big infinity this it's. easy to see to guess at what. i was any less and then. it's. easy to avoid be trading it stated mission the f.t. has to remain a movement in other words it always has to be visible on the streets and it needs to maintain close contacts with other affiliated movements.

this is. a visible force on the streets in protests is essential to radical tendencies it makes a statement here we are joining us follow us we're in the fang god and ready to fight for one fears and another one come for that's what. this tactic was also deployed in the weimar republic the fiery rhetoric soon turned into violence street brawls became the order of the day. the radicals set out to destabilize the state and demonstrate its powerlessness 931 saw the nazis committing their 1st anti semitic attacks punching down jews on one of the berlin's main shopping boulevards . september 28th cabinets open hostility on the streets attacks on journalists the hunt on people perceived as foreigners or migrants.

but the racism was openly flaunted and hatred spilled into violence. this tendency towards violence isn't just an abstract ideas. it's being acted upon i think we've lost sight of the fact that we've had a militant subculture with an affinity for terrorism in the scene for a long time oh you know they've been waiting in the wings for the right moment to put their violence into action on the streets so that. the far left shares those tendencies as was on evidence at the g 20 summit in hamburg 2 years ago they also resorted to violence but there is a crucial difference. to my good the study of the radical left is not trying to overthrow democracy but to overthrow capitalism the radical right who wants to do away with democracy and human rights this difference is also apparent in their behavior on the streets as a rule the left wing violence is directed primarily against objects and signifiers

of the state even the right wing violence also targets the state but it also tends to hunt down minorities and attack people not objects of direct mention unquote of . the f.t. and their allies are still a minority but they claim to represent a silent majority. they openly express racial ideologies and notions of ethnic purity. they themselves admit that the recent arrival of refugees in germany was a boon to their movement. because of course the great migration crisis that started in 2015 has been a kind of catalyst for patriotic or right wing ideas or whatever it is but i don't think anyone would deny that there was a moment when these opinions were able to gain momentum when what people were willing to say out loud really expanded all of this you can talk about things now that were more difficult a few years ago the fine young should really go on the business of the limits of

what can be said openly and in a public without immediate sanction have shifted substantially in germany over the last few years and i think everyone agrees on that this is it's worrying that radical slow. including a kind of rhetorical violence are now not just limited to social media where it's long been a real problem. now it's left the digital world and gone analogue into the public sphere. the far right groups such as by gaeta and the identity movement are moving on to germany's streets. have. the identity movement maybe a throwback but as this promotional video shows it presents itself as hip young and forward thinking like their other allies on the far right they want to draw young people into the movement the identity are skilled at attracting attention like at

this 2016 protest at the brandenburg gate in berlin and their campaign on the french alps for a mediterranean mission to keep refugees out rather than to rescue them. has mounted campaigns in austria germany and across europe proclaiming the supposed downfall of society he also plays down the crimes committed by the nazis claiming that traditional democratic politicians have become mired in what he calls a cult of guild. leader has for years this elite has been searching for a sword to fall on to now they found one the migration crisis this is a society a generation of death and voluntary liquidation and the identity want to be a force of life so we say this to that elite you're welcome to sacrifice yourselves to destroy yourselves with your cult of guilt that's your right but you don't have the right to drag the rest of us into this country thank the identity movement is

being monitored as an extremist organization by germany's security services the identity and say they want to protect the purity of supposedly hamachi. ethnic groups the great replacement is its unifying narrative features prominently in a manifesto by one of the movement's leaders. the ethnic german population will be displaced in the coming decades replaced by migrants who do not share our culture the 21st century is about nothing less than the survival of our people and the whole of europe. before. the idea that the population will be supplanted that they'll be something like a great replacement as the new right calls it is widespread and counting this is a core element of a new radical right wing ideology. it's a response to migration the globalization of the population and demographic change . alexander who calls himself.

is the leader of the identity movement in my pic his aim is to convince young people that the great replacement is real he and philip tyler run the right wing you tube channel allowed get docked. thinking out loud. it's of the middle of a line now everyone should have realised that anyone who doesn't follow the green eco mainstream or who is not interested in immigration is immediately branded a nazi if they're trying to marginalize us and i'm trying. the great replacement i've seen that a lot in your literature what is it. is the great replacement is when the majority of the native population is displaced and replaced by others. when a population ethnic composition is up ended. so if we take germany as a concrete example then the great replacement would mean that people born and bred

in frankfurt would no longer be the majority in their own city. and who decides who's german and who isn't. yes it's not a decision if there is no decision and no authority can make $100.00 it's a process. but you have decided who's german and who isn't. because if frankfurt has lots of immigrants you say no they're not german and we don't want to live this way. yes we don't want germans to become a minority in their own country. so people whose families came here from somewhere else aren't germans ari what people with a migration background aren't germans is in a way it depends on exactly where they came from and your definition of what is a german yes if you're. already also but the vast majority of people with migrant backgrounds in germany are germans. there are german citizens but can a piece of paper be the final word in defining who is

a german and who isn't. if you just clicked on them starts with office saying violates our concept of citizenship and the values of our constitution when they say that people are not german because of their heritage that's a modern form of racism a german is a person who's a german citizen and that's what the new right is unwilling to accept the. the ideology of the great replacement unites right wing extremists around the world. on march 15th 2019 in christchurch new zealand a right wing extremist shot dead 50 people who were praying in 2 mosques. the killer filmed his rampage and streamed it live on the internet harvesting clicks and likes from right wing extremists. before the attack britain tyrant penned a manifesto claiming that the white race in western countries was being replaced

because of its lower birth rate it was titled the great replacement the same ideology that underlies the identity movement. and there was also a direct connection to martin's own no mouthpiece of the identity. he did. much and i was forced to admit that terence had donated 1500 euros to his private account a year before the attack. the. terrorists donation to the identity of movement demonstrates ideological sympathy or proximity also said that he donated to other nationalist movements and this is a very clear indication that the christ church was a fan of the i don't to tarry a movement i'm fan. of people. the identity movement has set up what it calls

a patriotic bar behind the barred windows of this house and hala. several far right activists are holding a meeting here. we are allowed inside but aren't allowed to ask any questions. he says the killers donation to much in the know was no big deal. this whole thing is a farce and it's this this is it could happen to anyone. you talk tomorrow someone could throw 10 euros into your mailbox. just saying the truth is a small business with this you know. was this just a random donation unsolicited and unwanted. it turns out that zelma replied to brandon terrance email. i want to thank you personally for your incredible donation . this is my personal email address if you want you can contact me

here. mountains on that continues to paint himself as the victim. but he doesn't seem to reject violence in principle only for strategic reasons if i could i have nonviolence and activism does not mean being defenseless in my opinion it should be coupled with a genuine willingness to fight we do that as a conscious decision for met a political and strategic reasons we know what's better and more effective of us. so avoiding violence may only be a temporary tactic. and event attended by numerous the officials the speakers openly professed the doctrine of the great replacement. the federal government wants us to work for the immigrants so that they can keep bearing children and complete the population exchange homes almost 2 hours for it and these are conquerors disguised as refugees just want to prey on our society it's a ploy to on. people and deeply divided

and now the declining birthrate and mass immigration is posing a fundamental threat to their existence is i'll say it is. the idea of an existential threat to the german people was also put forth by nazis during the weimar republic. hitler propagated his racial ideology early on directing it against anyone he saw as alien to the german nation. but at that time many people didn't see the danger in it. and you know begin to make aforementioned. yeah i know we're going to laugh but even you know i try not to but it's not a you know one day you know oh indeed your body you know. i'm out of bed at night but even you know i. thought it was probably. in nazi ideology this

supposed body of the nation was made up only of what they called arion germans jews didn't belong even if their families had been in germany for generations. down here. the. these years you know if a muslim in this country doesn't like oh no no no no no no and if a muslim in this country does not want to accept our know. then dear friends. he is free to roll up his prayer rug. under his arm and leave the country you know not who was. was he's a fine birders and both then and now the main enemy under this ideology to those

who are perceived as powerful as infiltrators that hasn't changed continent but migrants muslims are also painted with the same brush august painted as unworthy impure and violent blight on the german people yes. it's a good. german fraternity spokesman philip stein has his office on the 1st floor of the same house and holler where the identity movement has its bar. he also says that the german people will be displaced by immigration. then slide if you if 23 or 4000000 people immigrate and live in germany for many many decades then of course a shift in the social majorities will at some point become a possibility. or just take a look at demographics or to sticks you don't have to be right or left wing it's

simply a fact that the demographic trend here in germany is basically happening to the detriment of the majority population. there has been focus on this focus because it so the descendants of people who live here now no matter how long they live here will always be immigrants and not germans toward isn't their citizens but not part of our people. patrik behind this is to present demographic change as a larger threat that's then dressed up in racist garb there's no way to come up with the idea of a great replacement unless you're thinking in terms of ethnicity and implying a racist categories and yet the students at the lessing high school in cologne will soon be performing their play. is that for them being a migrant or not is nothing special. whose only german 3 and who isn't everybody else they don't see that as

a problem to the contrary. visit. we all came from somewhere else settled here and then built up our country and if you look at it that way we're all strangers here highest none of us are the real true natives honest if it doesn't that's something that everyone has to decide for themselves whether they see themselves as german or not but it's not relevant to whether you belong or not. it's very sad little people the fact that these prejudices still exist is really a pity and we should be past that in the 21st century but europe is not past that here in austria far right parties have gained an ever larger following in recent years in may 2019 finds christian staffa had to step down as vice chancellor and leader of the right wing populist freedom party after a scandal that exposed underhanded political practices and their plan to limit the independence of the media. in hungary this process is well underway the right wing

populist feet as party under viktor orbán has virtually abolished the free press pack t.v. stations with its own people and closed down entire editorial offices and he's manipulating the media for his electoral campaigns. in italy the far right league annoyed led by anti immigrant firebrand my tale salvini have a powerful influence on policy. there isolationist policies are one reason why thousands of refugees have drowned in the mediterranean. the a.f.d. on the campaign trail for the european elections. leader york morton met with other european far right leaders to found a radical pan-european alliance. the right is on the rise throughout europe. so many. if you compare european countries you can see the far right is quickly gaining ground in many of them ovide game some right wing extremists are now even

part of. governing coalitions at the national level. after the end of the cold war right wing populist and far right parties played very little role in europe only reaching the 10 percent threshold in a few countries at the turn of the millennium. but in 2019 far right parties have become a force to be reckoned with in some countries they've even been part of the government . a similar development took place after the 1st world war which had led to the emergence of a number of democracies in europe. 20 years later most of them had reverted to authoritarian systems or dictatorships. the weimar republic resisted this tendency but the nazis were biding their time waiting for a chance to overthrow democracy and establish a totalitarian regime. for

a while the economy was on the upswing inflation was falling and unemployment was lower than it had been in years. in october $929.00 the global economic crisis brought that to a crashing halt. until then the nazis had been a fringe party then unemployment exploded bringing with it widespread poverty. voters flocked to the nazis last with little social security many germans lost their homes and went hungry. the nazis seized on this widespread discontent and won the protest vote from 194933 the nazis had made some significant electoral gains but these did not come at the expense of the other political parties. instead voter turnout was rising rapidly. and it appears that many people who marked their ballot for the nazis had previously been nonvoters. it was the opening of the

n.s.t. a.p. the nazi party was what they called a people's party the party of protest it was the only party that was affective across the weimar republic of the f.t. is also a mixture of socially established voters from the center who have drifted to the right and new voters protest voters who see it as a vehicle to express their dissatisfaction with reporters. and we will keep this revolution going on till politics in this country has been reversed by 180 degrees . the a.f.d. also capitalizes on protest and it attracts people who didn't vote before almost a quarter of a if the supporters were previously nonvoters there's a clear parallel to the former nazi party. was in pretty good order this also implies that not all nazi voters around 1932 had suddenly become convinced racists

and anti semites and national socialists the nazis were harvesting the protest vote and the f.d.a. is doing that too. even in these economically stable times the f.t. has succeeded in sparking protests on the streets. unemployment in germany is low and the economy seemingly robust but the danger is still there. german society is becoming increasingly fragmented isn't kind of we're not a society that's getting poorer we're a society that's getting richer anyone can inferi grow wealthy but the up a 60 percent in our society keep getting richer while the lower 40 percent haven't made any gains in the last 15 years and that's a problem even with the expansion of opportunity and social inequality has grown. this 40 percent is 32000000 people in germany people who've seen no economic gains

or who have even lost ground this state of affairs. has become a threat to social stability what would happen in the event of a new global economic crisis if germany experienced runaway inflation and mass unemployment. kind of if the new radical right is pursuing a policy of ratcheting up social tensions they want to push it to the point where tensions will erupt and destroying liberal democracy it's going to vote i'm going to parties to. the by my republic went from a peaceful democracy to a brutal dictatorship in just 14 years. and that's and then. the trend is that we're very gradually seeing a return to those things as the social polarization right wing extremism the rise of an anti democratic party the rise of right wing violence a state and a government that no longer seem to be able to cope with

a situation with no victory yet so all of those elements existed in the weimar republic and we're not repeating that history but we must draw on our knowledge of what happened to the weimar republic to make sure it doesn't happen again. culture. hair. superfood. like. those.

lifestyles. 30 minutes. each side tells my story. of the people who climbed to me. dedicated to me. i'm not too dumb to cause. a missing mine. in the centuries they built me they created something. to watch as i must destroy. i have mocked my cities days for centuries and company my country turns fine. until the day i mean.

not saddam defining us donz a fool and. the bag. this is deja news live from berlin china mourns it's grown a virus victim the country came to a standstill for 3 minutes i just read up on are the more than 3000 people who died in china's code 19 outbreaks. new york has its deadliest day yet hospitals are stretched to the limit and there are warnings the city could soon out of lifesaving ventilators. and officials here in berlin accusing us of confiscating

a shipment of the much needed face vets and what they're calling in fact of modern .