you. know the global corona crisis you can find more information online in fact d.w. dot com and on t.w. social media channels. welcome to tomorrow today the science show on t w coming up. our research in oxford has found the world is not as awful as many think. how do colors affect us experiments to shed some light . and we head to peru to meet some amazon manatees. the world is in a sorry state and getting worse right

a look at the news might make you think so but the data show many positive developments a research project in oxford anxious to make the move his appeal to the public at large. oxford university in england is one of the best in the world and one of the oldest. it's tranquil beauty contrasts with the intellectual dynamism of it scholars. it's a tradition to challenge traditional overturn received wisdom and extend the boundaries of knowledge. meet hannah ritchie her research focuses on global development and environmental sustainability part of her work is to gather and publish lots of data. really the. understand ensure the world as it is i think it's vital. most of the developments we've seen

in terms of human wellbeing have been positive hannah actually works at the oxford martin school a research unit founded in 2005 she and her colleagues work in interdisciplinary teams on ways to enhance the wellbeing of people across the planet and to find solutions to the world's urgent challenges such as climate change and child mortality. they also gather and present research findings on a platform called a world in data for all to see. and i read a lot of the questions that people how receptive know they are a study of this stuff every day that it is there but it's kind of what an academic paper. and really kind of quantitative easing is that no one of our friends so really what we bring together are you know academic research from publications are these kind of international data set the world bank. and then we kind of try to bring it to life to take an example literacy in 1900 most adults around the

world could neither read nor write 100 years later the number of illiterate adults had fallen significantly today only 14 percent of the world's population is illiterate in other words nowadays 86 percent can read and write. vaccination today the percentage of infants immunized against diphtheria whooping cough tetanus and measles is 4 times higher than it was 35 years ago. in 1990 few infants were vaccinated against how tight is being now 80 percent. so things are better than many may realize yet it's hard for people to access comprehensive and reliable information on the state of the world these were 2 key findings of hans rosling. the swedish physicians statistician who died in 2017.

it's not that he was an optimist or pessimist for that matter he was really into facts i have just one little humble advice to you tried everything else look at the day. look at the facts about the world we. face huge challenges the good news is that the future may not be quite as gloomy and that mankind already is doing better than many of you. 2015 survey of 17 countries did indeed find that a clear majority of people there think the world is getting worse rustling identified a key driver of global pessimism the media he said they were not to be trusted and fail to provide the big picture the oxford martin school website also says that popular misperceptions reveal a failure of our media and our education systems news outlets tend to focus on

horrible or particularly dramatic events. drawn i think just from a psychological perspective we want to know what's happening right now. and like even i suffer from this even though i try to take a long term perspective i want to know what's happening right now in the world so i'm kind of drawn to these single events so i can solve. for. a much. documenting positive development is not meant to encourage complacency progress requires hard work and the oxford martin school is busy developing solutions to humankind's great and terrifying problems. when it's about common sense tends to fly out the window too much food or too little healthy or unhealthy psychologist se. habits is subject to all kinds of

surprising. how we ate depends on. everyone's experienced it regardless of your plans to eat only healthy food hardly anyone can resist potato chips at a party. when food is involved we are very much influenced by those around us. other people may influence how much we eat. if a slim person next to us a lot we are more likely to tuck into after all it doesn't seem to harm but next to an overweight person who eats a lot it can actually put us off our food. the healthiest influence would be skinny people eating small or normal portions. emotions also play a role in the eating we compensate our feelings by rewarding ourselves with food

our favorite foods activate the brain's reward mechanism incidentally people suffering from obesity are likely to need more of a stimulus than people of average weight when it comes to feeling that reward and if we know what our idols like to eat that can also influence us and that begins very early in an experiment kindergarden children were asked to imagine a favorite superhero eating lots of fast food and immediately they all wanted more fast food. but it's better not to have idols when it comes to eating those who commit to a healthy diet voluntarily get the most benefit people who are forced to eat healthy rather than sweet get hungry again after a shorter time than those who choose to eat healthier conversely those who are made to eat sweets experience less skilled and are more creative and concentrated than those who voluntarily soon would switch. but be careful if you've eaten

a specially healthy food for lunch you could have a relapse in the evening psychologists call this the licensing effect you could also call it fooling yourself when it comes to eating were easier to read than one might think. but how do we read khaled's. the significance of commas varies between cultures in many western societies death and sorrow are indicated by the color black. in bali in indonesia it's white. white in mexico it's yellow and other bright hues but what effect 2 colors have on the human psyche . colors captivate us they stimulate and to poke emotions. there are many beliefs about the specific

impact of colors for example on people's cognitive performance or their emotions mention for. red is said to be invigorating blue it helps us concentrate green is relaxing but is there solid scientific proof for this to find out we're going to observe 3 experiments. college just overfed to still wants to know if his test subjects respond physically to color to do this he's going to measure their skin conductance it increases for example when i hand sweat due to emotional arousal. he shows his test subjects for colors it's not just the hue that varies red green blue and grey but also the saturation and brightness of the color. the test subjects also have to write down how they feel relaxed and calm agitate.

or aroused are they uncomfortable and happy or do they find it pleasant and feel happy. fighting and sometimes even with a very intense colors i immediately had a more unpleasant feeling. but did these feelings correspond with the test subjects physical responses we'll have to wait for the results in the meantime we move on to the 2nd experiment. that's a welcome to our test on which temperatures are comfortable will vary the temperature throughout and every 10 minutes ask you to rate how you feel. what the test subjects don't know is that the ambient light of the room they're in has a particular color temperature one group is sitting in light that's comparable the bright sunlight with strong red and yellow tends. the 2nd group is placed in a light with a strong bluish town similar to the light conditions on a cloudy day with both groups the room temperature is lowered steadily from 24 to

20 degrees celsius. that still examines whether the lighting influences the test subjects responses. some new data comply assumed this experiment wouldn't show any influence at all why should the color of the lighting affect the way people perceive temperature. doesn't warm red light make us feel warmer than a cool blue light. at what temperature will they test subjects reach for a sweater or jacket. back to experiment and the question of how colors affect our emotional state there are 3 clear results. the majority of test subjects felt most comfortable with colors of medium intensity regardless of whether they read green or blue. highly saturated intense colors elicit the strongest physical response but skin conductance increases showing that the test

subjects are feeling around star even agitated the researchers still don't know exactly why that's the case. on current one possibility is that highly saturated colors are relatively rare in nature so maybe they're especially eye catching and have a particular significance. highly saturated red has an especially pronounced effect . that. because red is often used to signal danger or strong emotion and that's what we've come to associate the color with. consider something like a flushing meaning when people become red in the face that can be due to arousal or stress due to physical exercise for example or intense anger or possibly due to sexual arousal. so it might be plausible that when we see the qana red we are reminded of that kind of situation and that reminder in turn elicits physical arousal as a response was just

a 3rd experiment is meant to determine whether ambient color has an impact on our cognitive performance according to the lighting manufacturer these colors have a direct impact on our emotional state this pink is supposedly relaxing the blue enhances attention and concentration the red is stimulating and neutral white is the control. and this experiment 170 high school students are given a battery of tasks that assess their spatial skills short term memory and logical skills so did the students notice any effect did they feel and usually concentrated focused or relaxed. i'm not really it's a pleasant color but i can't say i noticed that it had any effect on others so i didn't notice anything special. and they were right and this test at least the results showed that none of the colors had a significant positive or negative effect. so this experiment showed that color

doesn't have an impact on cognitive performance or emotional st. what about the results of the room temperature experiment. i $24.00 degrees celsius both groups were comfortably warm at $22.00 degrees most of them started to feel chilly and put on a sweater when the temperature dropped even more something unexpected happened for the. in the cool blue light sweater wasn't enough for the test subjects and the one red light it was only 6 percent put on a jacket. for the subjects under the blue light it was 60 percent. so it would seem that when it comes to cool and warm light we do feel what we seen. him get imagine you're sitting in direct sunlight the color temperature will be more red and yellow. when you're sitting in the shade or under a cloudy sky the light will appear

a bit more blue and usually it's colder outside vent to my assumption is that we've learned to associate color temperature with the ambient temperature. more likely it's a warm thoughts that would seem to still a lot to learn about the impact of colors but they do appear to affect us sometimes we're aware of it but i think we're not. if outline is read why are they latin even you do you have a science question you always wanted answered when happy to help out send it to us as a video text or voicemail if we answered on the show we'll send you a little surprise come on just ask. this week of you in tanzania sent in a question. could be such a thing as a time machine. little jim would love to

visit ancient greece. or hang out with our early human ancestors. or see dinosaurs up close. he's not the only one who'd like to travel in time the british writer h.g. wells popularized the concept with his 895 novel of a time machine in which an inventor travels to bleak worlds in the distant future. in 1905 albert einstein published his special theory of relativity showing that space and time are not separate quantities but aspects of the same thing and shrink and expand relative to one another. 10 years after that his general theory of

relativity einstein showed that gravity is the warping of space time that means for an observer approaching a massive object like a black hole clocks run more slowly. let's send him on a trip a thought experiment on the basis of special relativity. we dispatch him to a star and bring him back. at a speed close to that of light from his point of view jim needs say 10 years for the trip but meanwhile on earth but 1000 years have passed. so jim has effectively travel to the future because of his speed time passed more slowly for him than for people on earth so what about travel to the past some physicists think it is indeed possible but it's hardly practicable nobody is going to set off next week luckily imagine if jim fell in love with his great aunt had

children with her and rewrote the course of his family history. better to send him in the present to the atacama desert in chile where the hour radio telescope array picks up signals emitted billions of years ago in far reaches of the universe or to orbiting telescopes like hubble and planck they are the real time machines that tuned to look into the past. as much as 39800000000 years ago the early days of our universe when a massive hot gas began to condense into all the galaxies we know today. for most science stories check out our website or visit us on social media. we asked you on facebook if you had a time machine what time and place would you travel to. market album i

would go back to the time of the $969.00 woodstock music festival. antonio about davy i would go back to his early life to correct some errors. a limb which at marco from indonesia would like to return to a time when everyone was a cool without. ethnic differences and migration. baron silver brand would take a journey far into the past to find out what dinosaurs sounded like and whether they had fit as. richard around south would also like to return to the age of the dinosaurs to find out for sure why they died out thanks for all your answers. maybe a trip to the distant past might clear up the question of whether these 3 animals the manatee the elephant and the rock hyrax share ancestors in africa.

scientists can study their genealogy without a time machine with the help of genome analysis. the amazon manatee is now found in south america but it's under threat in the peruvian town of a key toss people are working to save the gentle creatures. in the amazon manatee lives in fresh water along the river of the same name its tributaries and nearby lagoons. it can weigh more than 400 kilos and grow to almost 3 metres in length and even so many people here have never spotted one in the wild. in monotheist the manatee is the biggest species of mammal in the amazon basin but it's probably

the least well known when we started working here 80 percent of the people in e.q. to us have never heard of the creature. the stairs here this this. this stretch of the amazon in peru looks indelicate. but there are environmental problems here too. and many species are under threat. of. manatees are classified as a vulnerable species that's one step before endangered. not a psychic one to one we don't know how many amazon manatees there are here it's really hard to determine the number because the water is so murky elsewhere it's easier you just fly over the area in a little plane you can just see how many manatees there are along the banks and shores what we do know is that in many places people used to see manatees but don't

anymore and every year there are more and more places where they are no longer to be seen in the yard not be monotheist so the amazon rescue center in a key toss looks after several species of animal and it may be the world's only nursery for manatees preparing them for a future in the wild the babies have to be bottle fed every 2 hours until they're 2 years old they're lactose intolerant so they're given special milk imported from the u.s. . bringing up baby can cost more than $10000.00 a year. manatees are under threat for several reasons the ban on hunting down isn't always observed their meat is considered a delicacy some get trapped in fishing nets and drown when they can't come to the surface to breathe another problem is that people like to keep manatee babies as pets because they're so cute. i want sometimes babies get caught in fishing nets

and are then taken home. people keep them in their fish pond or in a tank. but under these conditions the little ones always die. manatees have no natural enemies apart from human beings they're trusting creatures and don't shy away from people which makes it all the easier to hunt them for their meat skin and or oil. when they come up to brave a hunter will stick 2 plugs of wood up their nostrils it's an extremely cruel way to kill such a noble creature which is so important for nature. manichees do indeed fulfill an important function in the environment they're vegetarian and have to consume huge amounts of aquatic plants as they're not very nutritious up to 70 kilograms a day they're grazing helps clear waterways and lagoons. manatees

eat aquatic plants like this one or water lettuce and other plants that grow on the surface in areas where manatees have been killed off the plants just grow and grow and spread across the water surface. the light of the sun can't enter the water about reduces the growth of plantain which affects the entire food chain and reduces the number of fish that in turn affects the people living along the amazon they have fewer fish to eat and can't even go fishing if the water surface is overgrown. it's a real problem aquatic plants on the waterways and lagoons of the amazon are spreading even to other countries such as colombia where there are no hungry manatees keen to meet them and the water hyacinth for example is toxic to some of the animals living there horses and cattle can eat this plant but there simply aren't enough of them to control the spread. back at the amazon

rescue center any key tell us there's been an unexpected but very happy development . thank you mrs every 6 months we gather in the manatees to weigh them before we release them we were totally surprised to find 2 babies among them in the prerelease pool that's amazing news for peru because it's the 1st time that manatees had offspring in captivity. in the center has so far rehabilitated 25 manatees every release is a complicated procedure and a big event the staff and friends all join in. the manatees are taken to a suitable location before the final farewell. balloons and rivers are interconnected so manatees stand a good chance of meeting fellow creatures in the wild. and the efforts of the devoted team at the rescue center are contributing to the wellbeing of the adorable animals and the stabilization of the ecosystem.

the plants of the genus and some are often seen as waves but it turns out that some varieties absorb nickel from the soil now scientists are trying to recover the metal resources our focus next week on tomorrow today join us for that by.

and the indigenous people. race against time. for centuries of the drug trade nomads to lived in harmony with nature. but no grasslands that feed their lives nor her turning into dozens. dimensional ass no mouths are fighting for their existence in. 15 minutes on d. w.

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this is news line from the coronavirus pandemic has a new ground 0 new york city has mount more than 500 deaths in a single day medical supplies are running short and the governor is warning the worst is yet to come also coming out testing for antibodies a lab in germany is working on tests that can tell if a person has already built up a new.