gets chanted tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. europe's new launch rocket is due to take off in late 2020 what's up with are they on 6. will be doing a little experiment how natural does a digitized voice sound. and we look at plants they may seem new but they have their own ways of communicating. the official opening of the of the un 6 integration hole in braman. at the un 6 is the european space agency's new launch vehicle its upper stage is being built here europe is trying to consolidate forces in its space program to counter the growing global competition the new heavy lift rocket will also be carrying the hopes for future space missions. because it went to high tech sector and high tech is never

finished we always have new ideas for improving the rockets. what innovations does our young 6 have to offer here's an overview. of. europe's new launch vehicle will stand more than 60 meters tall. building ariane 6 rocket posed challenges for the european space agency's engineers and technicians. huge fuel tanks were produced using a technique called friction star welding it softens the metal edges by friction to create smooth and durable seals it's a solid state process that doesn't melt the material it works or temperatures as low as $500.00 degrees celsius compared to the more than 2000 degrees of the usual arc welding technique. didn't know in what way you are and what you are for the new

materials we've used here contain a large amount of lithium. and mostly i'm cannot be joined using ork welding weisel legionnaires i know melting temperature so it would quickly evaporate yes men felt that. the light weight alum many i'm living on tanks are part of the engine the power is the upper stage of the rocket. that engine has been named vinci in honor of the great inventor and artist leonardo da vinci it special feature is that it can be restarted 5 times during a mission. that way ariane 6 will be able to release satellites destined for different orbits at different altitudes. the rocket is expected to play a part in many different projects. for example to create a network of satellites spanning the globe to enable fast internet all over the

planet. the restartable vinci engine would enable the precise positioning of the necessary swarm of satellites. costs that were developed for this purpose include this adapter the support structure is designed to carry more than a dozen small satellites and deliver them to their place in space. that launch booster rockets will provide arianne with the necessary thrust. at this advanced production facility the boosters structural casings are constructed out of lightweight carbon fiber materials and other rockets the casings are still made of metal. the boosters have to withstand enormous strain they're filled with solid propellant fuel. when it's ignited it will produce

tremendous heat and pressure in the interior. area and 6 has yet to be launched but engineers are already working on improving it they want to reduce its weight to increase its thrust. so the plan is to develop a new upper stage by 2025. we call it a black about stage because it will be a composite a stage and as you know carbon is much more light or else they're never made taller components and this is why it will lowers to have up to 2 tons mock up by bt focused on us. it currently takes about a year and a half to build an engine like this by using 3 d. printing production time could well be slashed to just

a few weeks and the costs reduced by a factor of 10. in 2018 a printed prototype of the engine was tested at the german aerospace center in southern germany. in the future the idea is for the ariane engine to return to earth after its flight to be reused up to 5 times. it's an important building block for a reusable rocket in an ongoing research project a demonstrator a model prototype version was built to test how fuels perform in different regions of the engine designs. if tomorrow's a market is going to expand and to be bought that it is important that we have the capability to match it with a reusable orkut it is not the case today because the market today does not does not go totally new direction between must be ready and this is why we want to master the technologies which could go lower. it's one day to go for reusability.

but 1st this edition of the arianne 6 rocket has to prove itself. the launch is planned for late 2020. the universe is appeased with particles that traverse entire planets stars and galaxies neutrinos their monk the most common elementary particles and a source of fascination for scientists in the antarctic an entirely observatory has been built to detect these mysterious objects. in 2015 to physicists shared the nobel prize for demonstrating that neutrinos have man but how much mass to find out researchers have developed the world's most precise scale. yewtree knows are born during nuclear fusion in the sun countless numbers of solar neutrinos arrive on

earth every 2nd and that's just one source of these mysterious particles they're so puny that until recently scientists believed they had no mass at all. today we know that this subatomic particles do have a mass an extremely small one physicist magnus lesser is involved in experiments to pin it down they've already yielded initial results. yet so these measurements allowed us to narrow down the estimated mass so that the upper limit was previously to electronic votes and now we've cut that in half with we now know that you treat those have to be like to the one electron volts mass acquittal and it's hard to picture how small that is kilograms it this year 0.636 more zeros and that aligns that's an incredibly tiny mass is giving us. as part of an international team of more than $100.00 researchers here at the crowds who institute of technology they're using it. giant neutrino scale and operators called hatin to investigate

one of the biggest mysteries in physics cutting was built in southeastern germany in 2001. but it was too big to be transported by land instead it went on a 9000 kilometer detour down the danube around europe by sea and up the rhine then came a tight squeeze the last few kilometers in karlsruhe or to the research center where it finally got down to work. a big effort for such tiny particles. every cubic centimeter of the universe still has about 300 neutrinos left over from the big bad with the use of other sources like the sun and supernovas also produce huge amounts. a lot of new tracers arrive on earth and pass right through our bodies fear of these lesser weakly interacting we don't even notice them not feel familiar as gaza through every square centimeter of our skin every 2nd of this and we don't even notice it was a little. weighing neutrinos is very complicated and requires some clever tricks

cutting measures some 70 meters long. at one end of the device the scientists put tritium a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. the basically k. of the radioactive tritium nuclei produces an electron and a neutrino the 2 particles share the decay energy which is a known quantity and that allows the researchers to determine the neutrinos mass the neutrinos aren't detectable but the electrons are and their energy can be measured only a few highly energetic electrons end up in the giant spectrometer the researchers measure their energy and then subtract it from the decay energy to arrive at the neutrinos energy and thus its mass. now the researchers want to make the measurements even more sensitive. but he must if the mass is here and we keep increasing sensitivity will come

a point where we'll be able to actually measure the mass right now the sensitivities here and the mass is somewhere between 0 and this limit we can't measure it yet but we're getting that we can all just to do the project will continue through 2024 giving the scientists 1000 days of measurements in all. of the year mom is the so let's think about what we're doing here is that we're working right at the scientific frontenac and at the cutting edge of stuff we've got our team with all these experts because i working to push that boundaries even further to see if. the girls who are researchers now know that the neutrino scale works and what they discovered with katherine over the next few years could revolutionize the world of physics. neutrinos are a top candidate for the mysterious dark matter that's thought to account for most of the stuff in the universe most astro physicists believe that dark matter exists

but they still don't know what it consists of. the problem is red why are they so i don't mean you think if you have a science question send it in as a video text ovoid smile. if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. can on just ask. this week's question comes from severe they are right in columbia. why do animal horns vary so greatly. saw a small. of those big. cuddly point upwards or downwards. but even though they look very different they all have. the same structure the bony core of the horn protrudes from the skull. then comes the sheath which is usually hollow and made of keratin similar to hair feathers

fingernails and hooves. but not all animals with horns come from the same family rhinos are once known as odd as they have 3 toes and they're the only ones in that family to have horns. the other group is the brother dai family they're even told argue let's which nearly all have horns they include cattle sheep and goats but also antelopes and gazelles. by contrast the moose and deer don't have horns they have and clothes which are bony structures of the elephant tusks by the way are neither horns nor employers but actually teeth are made of dental. but what's the purpose of horns. in all cases there sharp weapons to fend off enemies. but perhaps their most important function is to impress the males with large attractive horns will have an

easier time finding a mate. and a stablish in themselves at the top of the pecking order incidentally they rarely enjoy each other seriously as the horns fit together well. in short horns vary so much because they've adapted over time to become more and more specialized to ensure the survival of each species. if you're in the mood for more science stories visit us online at v.w. dot com slash science and you'll find us on twitter and facebook. now we're going to talk about an instrument we use all the time without giving it much thought our voice. that it was a computer generated voice but hear it tomorrow. today we foist everything ourselves so now at least someone just go ahead and introduce a mixed record it's about the human voice to young people who let their voices

for a very interesting. hello when hello i'm mariana i'm 29 and i'm a film student. on this by march 28th and i'm just real designer. max and i gonna have been selected for an experiment we're going to steal their voices or to be more precise reproduce them digitally with the help of the french company candy voice. we can imitate all voices very naturally and if you read it 1st the language specialists need voice samples from max and arianna find darkness who spoke. and they speak 500 sentences which contain all the sounds of the german language defenselessness and that i'm fluent nama talk in. double back and also. the sentences are

recorded in a radio studio and sent off to paris. did you receive the files. yes i have everything get to work and we'll see each other in 2 weeks in paris. will they really be able to create convincing copies of max and ariana's voices and what are digital voices actually good for canadian software company lyrebird has found at least one use they've cloned the voice of donald trump using the original sound bytes now they can make him say whatever they want. i am not a generation is always different and how they want i am not a robot a nation is always different i'm not a robot this is obviously fake but what will happen in the future when the technology is improved and you can't be sure whether the leader of a country really said something or not. it's not going to motivate students

motiveless the image of. a liar bird is a free program that anyone can use but currently only in english arianna is testing the program. to do that she needs to record 20 sentences. james put his hand in the pocket of his rope if you bread crumbs remained 10 minutes later the program can say any sentence in our young as voice. in and 29 years old engine. it's not totally convincing but perhaps it's only a matter of time before artificial intelligence becomes a master impersonator will we be able to tell the difference between a real human on the phone and a computer clone of their voice will telephone recording still have any legal weight in court it's too early for experts to predict what hazards the new

technology will bring but despite that lots of companies including banks are planning to replace pin numbers with voice recognition. the phone hoover institute in darmstadt is testing how secure these systems are project manager flowing and. shows us how it works minus to me my voice is now my password. it's what the company keeps voice samples of their customers on file it's software creates a biometric profile with more than $100.00 characteristics including pitch and rhythm my. mind is. my pos what is mine is to me when a customer logs on the program compares their voice to the one saved on their profile if there's a 100 percent match they get the green light. but what happens if you played a cloned voice from liar bird. the end liable and other similar

systems haven't reached the level of perfection required to replicate the melody and features of a human voice in. artificial voices are also used in the entertainment industry the french company can do voices developing software for computer games. players can have fun with well known voices. people who've lost their voice through illness could also benefit from the technology as long as their voice is saved in the system. off again you know could you mourn. now fall off again you know could you mourn. how technology can synthesize a voice on the basis of just 80 words there after a voice can say whatever the person wants to play. on and max are eager to hear what their artificial voices sound like. i give you the microphone company founders

on luke claim who has something unusual in mind for their visit he claims that ariana should be able to speak in max's voice but see if he's right. you are young and from germany i'm speaking with max's voice had a chance very real. it was covered some are similar to how i hear my recorded voice to mckenna and what about vice versa the months. and months i'm speaking with arianna's voice it's really pretty convincing but it feels quite weird. the result is really quite impressive but still can't be mistaken for the real thing. for our guinea pigs max and i'm gonna that comes as something of a really. can hear voices with a real all synthetic. well it study shows that they do perceive sounds that

enables the roots of the piece to locate a source of water and grow in the direction of the water sound. in other ways to plants on highly sensitive to signals in this surroundings. not only register and give off certain fragrances they can also sense whether the is dry or dumb. whether there's a gentle breeze or strong wind and which direction it's coming from. constantly measuring the air temperature they can differentiate between morning and evening light they're equipped with infrared an ultraviolet light senses and if they find themselves in the shade they can tell whether it's being caused by wrong or another plant. wants correct information every 2nd they need to respond to their

environment so they can adopt the right behavior to supply if just like on a moles 10 years ago the idea of plant behavior wasn't taken seriously now that's changing. based on your reaction from i think we can call it plant behavior because plants are able to perceive all kinds of environmental conditions process this information internally and then respond accordingly. and i would define that as behavior based on the definition of the word. while to plant called continue. displays especially complex behavior to defend itself. if attacked by pests or in this case. a scientist can produce more than $1000.00 substances in just one hour. they all help to fend off attacks from hungry predators and repel them. but it doesn't work on every predator.

the hawk-moth is immune to the nicotine produced by the tobacco plant. its larvae are also resistant. so the plant changes its strategy. if. the land gives off certain sense that attract a predatory bug. it pierces the caterpillars and sucks out there. so the plant is basically drawing on outside help to fend off the pest. but if there aren't enough predatory bugs nearby the caterpillars continue to feed. side of the plant chain just once again. it produces digestive inhibitors which make sure the caterpillar can't absorb the feed to treat. the plant withdraws its nutrients from the leaves and stalls them in the stem. these 2 strategies serve one purpose.

the caterpillars stay small which keeps them vulnerable to predators spoke for much longer. sometimes that doesn't help either and the caterpillars grow into giant eating machines. which could cause a serious threat to the tobacco plant and so it tries yet another tactic. when the fans are ok if your plant is very badly injured it changes the pollinators it attracts from afs to hummingbirds which are active during the day. one of the pollination is then taken care of by hummingbirds going up runs up on information this helps the plant to get rid of the hope. it's on that caterpillars but what exactly is it doing. to the flowers change and some why. tests reveal that this is in fact the case. the scent from the flowers becomes

weaker so the scant sunset. the plant also keeps its flowers shot at night and only opens them again in the morning when the hope lots of talk that. this ensures that the plant is pollinated by hummingbirds and not support wants to. be described as intelligent behavior. looked at from into the consumer i think it's a step too far to call it intelligence i prefer to think of it as complex reactions . which were planters trying to find a solution to the critical to or sometimes not so critical situation it finds itself in to ensure its survival and. i do believe.

these survival strategies are genetically programmed they to evolve throughout the course of evolution to protect the planet and keep predators up by. it seems we can also bribe plants with sound grapevines grow best when they're exposed to lots of music the grapes and the plant some more is just into diseases at least that's what one study claims. the next time we'll be talking about climate research we go to wonder to pay a visit to the 1st climate observatory on the african continent. join us. till then stay curious see you soon but by.

his parish doors in madrid have always been open to everyone. being together eating together but also just refueling that was important to the rabble and the priests wrote. down the koran a virus has changed everything. what will become a father and his own church. lady

gaga like baby match. you say involved in toys cars. and even heidi klum if peanut butter. photographer dampen you know gets close to the start. by showing what they color their a preference and now. you roll back. in 60 minutes on d. w. . orld or. they were abducted by. the nazis and taken to germany to be raised as citizens of the us. during world war 2 thousands of polish children suffered.

even today many of them don't know who their real parents were. they've lived with this trauma for decades. children the kidnapping campaign of nazi germany starts april 20. 4th these sheep are on their way to church. they're being blessed here. now we've come to refind like animals but they don't belong in a church. hardly there. this roman catholic priest is a bit of a maverick.