welcome to and good shape coming up on the show. better sleep tricks to help combat insomnia. abnormal fat deposits the suffering caused by lip. and genetic testing how well can a d.n.a. analysis predict your disease risk. and here's your host dr. get you know body consists of 37.2 trillion body cells and each cell contains our genetic information and if just one single gene is not working right it can have gene mendis appreciations on our health. how genes control or life this is what i'm going to talk about with professor. who's the

director of the institute of human and medical genetics of the bird and charity and who is a researcher here at the mechanics institute for molecular genetics welcome to get she. did take tests going to far reaching consequences so before you do a genetic test get informed what it really means and talk to your doctor. some diseases can actually be caused by genes take colon cancer or breast cancer for example some special forms can be inherited it's a simple blood test can tell you if you're affected. and i go to is a retired physician for a long time he didn't know that he has an unusually high risk of getting

a certain kind of cancer. it's a genetic risk he was born way of. the 21st man a motor when i was 20 my mother died of metta started colon cancer. while she was in hospital she warned my sister or me that we might get it too. and that it might be genetic and. like his mother a white or studied medicine but he didn't remember how warning until some of his own patients who had the disease reminded him. quite a began to go for regular checkups and for many years everything was fine when examining doctors found no sign of a disease he felt relieved and assumed he didn't have any unusual genetic risk but then he was diagnosed with colon cancer. when i was 43 i had

a colonoscopy and they found i had cancer of the cold on them. they were able to remove it surgically so i didn't need came a therapy humor to appear. at that point whiter decided he wanted to know whether his disease had a genetic component. he wondered if he might have passed the risk on to his own 4 children. doctor turned a patient went to munich center of medical genetics he wanted to know if he carried a genetic variation associated with increased risk of colon cancer. many experts say that it's a wise choice to make in situations like his. there are a whole range of genetic diseases where it makes sense to identify the risks for example hereditary cancer syndrome so familiar with these that can manifest in adults especially with regards to cancers genetic testing allows you to estimate

the risk of developing a disease and in which quite accurately then a screening plan can be developed for the family. tests look for mutations in specific genes in cells taken from a sample of blood. from mutations are ones that are known to be associated with specific disease is. another kind of genetic testing is gaining in popularity you just send in a saliva sample to a commercial provider many companies advertise the service online they claim to be able to detect increased risk for over $200.00 diseases all from low price but unlike in targeted genetic testing most of these commercial providers don't search for highly specific inherited mutations instead they look for d.n.a. variations that are statistically associated with risk for diseases like alzheimer's and diabetes. these

diseases is certainly caused by a number of genetic defects where we haven't identified them all yet and we don't have any idea which specific combinations of defects lead to which risks given the current state of knowledge these tests can't offer valid results but they can scare patients and they can also give them a false sense of security. to test revealed that. carries genetic mutations linked to colon cancer and that he has an 80 percent likelihood of getting it he inherited the genes from his mother. when they heard about the results his 4 children chose to take the test. it turns out that 2 of my sons are also at risk of getting colon cancer but they go regularly to get screened the others don't have the mutation thank god. you know

when you have an elevated risk of disease influences the way you live regardless of whether the disease ever manifests so it's wise to think carefully before deciding to go through with genetic testing. i do think most of them would see the head of the department of medical genetics of the brain in shitty thanks for having me today we just saw in the report a patient who suffered from colon cancer and he wanted to find out if there's some genetic causes for that so so it's just very frequent that people suffer from colon cancer or breast cancer with a genetic cause we think it's about 4 to 6 percent of all individuals that have either a call on breast cancer that suffer from diseases or they have a specific defect that increases their risk to get this type of cancer and can the patient himself tell that this is kind of a genetic disease are there any signs or symptoms for that now that can't really

tell it themselves i mean the only thing that we can say there are certain criteria that are make it suspicious for example early age the older that you get you know you get the greater your chances are that you get cancer at some stage but if you get cancer at 30 or 40 or 50 years of age then you know this is more suspicious to me however a genetic course in genetic cause means that inherited so what about the volume the father for instance or the uncle of the mother is it a sign as well if there are a lot of family members who are affected that certainly is a sign of inheritance if they're more than 2 affected and if one of the affected does younger than 50 and that for example would be something suspicious so if there are several of family members who have affected by say colon cancer up breast cancer which you advise to get tested i would advise that you get a good genetic counseling so that someone can explain to you what these tests mean and also you know. well you can one can discuss the pedigree and can see if this is

really. falls into the same category of the type of cancer that you think is suspicious for genetic cause or not and obvious tests very accurate the tests themselves are very accurate if i test you i can tell you whether you have a mutation or not what we cannot tell exactly is when and to and when you know really if you will get the disease or not we can only give you a certain percentage there are some internet services especially in the united states of america where you can as a patient just buy those tests over the internet with no consultation at all so how do you judge those kinds of tests well the problem i think with many of these tests is that do you think it's good test that you know the individual who sends off the test doesn't even know that they get tested because they've never heard of these diseases and they have no idea so they might get a result back or something that they certainly didn't want to know and that is what we do with the genetic counseling is that you tell people what does it means and

what the consequences of this test and you don't get that of course if you just send away your sample via the internet and the consequence is i think it's a good point because if you test for the genetic risk for say cancer you can apply other tests like a colonoscopy for instance am to see if the patients getting cancer and you can even change your life or some lifestyle changes like like being becoming a vegetarian also to prevent colon cancer but what about diseases like alzheimer's disease which cannot be preventable. there also are certain genetic risks but they are not they don't increase your risk as much as for example for better or for the call long or breast cancer genes and this kind of risk or increase in risk is rather moderate and i would not advise. to get this tested at the moment so what about prenatal testing let's say testing embryos inside the womb well that's of course possible and we also do this. in germany there is

a special law and i think we are pretty much the only country in the world that has this where we are not allowed to test a disease that only breaks out after the age of 18 and the idea behind this is that every person should decide for him or herself whether they want to know this kind of information when they want to have this information or not so if their disease is an adult which occur after the age of 18 and they run in the family you should consider yourself getting tested. the family have grown especially close in recent years that's because the mother martina has been battling cancer for over a decade it began with breast cancer. sort of myself because she always talked to us very openly about it letting us know how the current state of health she didn't keep anything a secret for this well that was very important to me. 'd

eventually recovered from the breast cancer but then 7 years later she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. was it all just a coincidence or a fate determined by her genes. remember that her grandmother had died very young probably as a result of breast cancer. doesn't have mathematics and my dad was only 7 years old at the time but he thought there was also talk that she might have had ovarian cancer too to disclose she'll be stunned. such experiences are typical in families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. dr manion has pursued extensive research into this gene linked cancer and says it strikes women in those families especially often and then especially young age. how the average age of women with this type of breast cancer is 4445 depending on what gene

mutation they have that's very young the average age for breast cancer otherwise is around 65 so 20 years later. from. natasha igle meyer has known for the past 2 years that she has the brock a one gene mutation making her more likely to develop breast cancer. she had to fight for a long time to get the d.n.a. test done. for years i was told you have a large family so it's normal to have a lot of them die. mother died of ovarian cancer and 7 of the mothers 9 siblings likewise lost their lives to concert. 5 of the women fell victim to brush store varian cancer. you have to take storm. in the end i only managed to get the test because so many people in my family had died as dysfunctions it was a really strange feeling that it was basically their deaths that paved the way for

me to live on even taught. to the hopefully i'll now be saved from getting cancer vita king khan and deceitful life and trips which won't light. after testing positive. immediately had her ovaries and both of her breasts removed a family understood her decision and supported her but many friends were shocked. mentioned some people burst into tears when i told them they said it was so terrible. that i said it would be terrible if i developed cancer. when i know him as long as i don't have cancer it's well not exactly brilliant sure but at least i have a chance now. the how we can show us. other members of natasha's family could now also be tested if they chose to they have a 5050 chance of having the mutated gene as well but some people prefer not to know

. in addition to prophylactic surgery those who test positive can also opt for more regular cancer screening that won't stop the almost developing of course but an early diagnosis could at least improve the chances of survival. is. finding out you have this gene mutation isn't easy to deal with so that needs to be given careful thought before you go for the test what will you do if the result is positive how will you tell your children or siblings exactly lots of people decide they'd rather not know and you have to respect that. just missed one of our facebook too young. martina schuster's daughter very you know got herself tested under scuppered she does not have the gene mutation martina suncor been on the other hand decided not to have the test there's currently no effective breast cancer screening for men of his age so he decided he was better off not knowing.

the patient we just saw in our report and that was getting genetically tested because there were a lot of family members who had ovarian cancer and breast cancer in my office i sometimes see patients with different kinds of cancer in the family can this also be inherited well what we generally i think have to consider is that cancer is a common disease a relatively common disease so everyone will have someone or know someone who within the wider family will have suffered from cancer i guess but nevertheless they are indeed families that have a relatively high occurrence of different types of cancers so those families we think it has a genetic origin but because they are due to many different types of genes it is very difficult at the moment to test. and we cannot really do reliable testing to give you a risk for these kinds of families ok so we just talked about the testing and

there's something like gene ephedra p s well so what's there in the pipeline in gene therapy we are it's really a new type of therapy that is coming up now because now we can actually edit genomes that means we can change them we can cut things out we can put new sequences in and the idea is. we can actually change mutations and sort of put the normal sequence back in and by that. heal the patient or at least support. these patients and their recovery but you do this in adult patients and you taking out stem cells. that is the idea for example one can take out blood cells and use the stem cells genetically modify them and then give them back to the to the patient in november there was a worldwide outcry because some chinese scientists claimed that their genes edited

babies so and so what was that about this was about gene editing actually in the very early stage of the embryo when they are only a few cells and what you can do then you know what they claim what they have done is that you do exactly the same kind of technology but then change the embryo and in this case you change more or less probably the entire genetic makeup so every single cell so if you human being eventually develops out of this embryo this human being will have. more or less completed completely changed genome and the major difference of course that is that that this person will pass this on to the next generation but if we put the ethics aside and if you just focus on the scientific things and the genetic editing of babies and the genetic editing of stem cells is it more or less the same i mean technically i think it's more or less the same because it did 2 uses the same type of technology you can cut the in

a you can put a new pieces in and take others out so technically there is i think no difference and it's unfortunate thing to think that an editing l.-a jeems and stem cells could be some kind of weapon against say cancer in the future i think it can because it's a it's a really fascinating technology where we can change genomes in a way that we could have not you know or even thought about a few years ago so the technology is a real advance and i think it will certainly help to treat some diseases cancer but all. inherited diseases thanks so much for this very interesting talking welcome and if you've got any questions you like me to ask our experts. e-mail. in good shape your weekly health show one that covers many aspects of health care we look at what's new in medical treatment nutrition fitness and beauty we just

these topics in depth with specialists and offer you opportunities to pose your own questions so get in touch. do you know the situation you're lying in bed if you're counting 1000 sheep and sleep simply won't come it happens so a lot of people sleeplessness but there are plenty of tricks and tips and they don't even involve sheep. has just had a really good night's sleep a room was completely darkened and very quiet. now she's ready to go out and enjoy nature. but the main reason she's here is to attend a seminar about sleep and relaxation. it's 5 am i know. i had the feeling i wasn't sleeping very well we were given

testing devices here to use for 2 nights and i discovered that i slept better than i expected but it was a big relief to learn that. sleep tight the last thing many people say to each other before bed and it's also the name of the seminar designed to teach stressed city dwellers how to get some healthy shuteye but disciplines come for different reasons mentioned above ofsted if the people who work are often under pressure to perform the people who do shift work often have particular problems with that but so do people who have a normal work life. and we also get retired people who finally have the time to deal with their sleeping problems fact it's high time that. everyone tends to put off the issue and they just hope that tonight they'll be able to get some decent sleep. but some participants here have trouble getting used to the quiet in the old country house the rooms have been completely refurbished to offer ideal sleeping

conditions she often have more sleep has a lot to do with the feeling of comfort a sense of being secure beds and box spring bed this wonderful bed is a box spring and the mattress adjusts perfectly to the body that is to your body weight. mentioned if we turn the mattress over we can even make a very comfortable bed for someone who's very heavy on top our and we have a topper that lets you sink into the bed and find your ideal sleeping position. itself in it but in the seminar sleep isn't everything it's also about relaxation and that requires movement to. some of the guests don't take part in the exercise they choose their mattresses and pillows and they can go cycling make pottery or even chop wood before going to bed detour knol has taken some of the ideas back to her own bedroom to see our target and so i now adays in our fast

moving world lots of people use their cell phones as an alarm clock. on them and us hindi that if you turn it to flight mode you use a lot less energy. i've learned to ban certain things from the bedroom such as the t.v. . so women pizza but in fans yeah it's important to find out what's causing the insomnia but. for certain sleep disorders you have to consult a doctor or if they don't fall into our purview we see ourselves as a preventative measure we want to mention time we show people how they can sleep well and if it turns out that a participant has been suffering for a long time from a serious sleep disorder then of course we advise them to see a doctor. but the other participants usually find precisely the common relaxation they need to get a better night's sleep. people who suffer from are not be.

the accumulation of deposits on the. metabolic disorder and it's not only in a study problem it's painful to. nina gets measured for compression stockings and sleeves twice a year she wears the undergarments on our arms and legs she suffers from. i could hardly manage without them. when you have compression undergarments help make the pain at least halfway manageable during the day the stockings also keep your legs from feeling quite so heavy it feels like my legs way as much as my entire body so these undergarments make it a bit more bearable. as many people simply assume nina is overweight but that's not quite true little demon is a metabolic disorder in which accumulates under the skin that can make daily life

quite difficult lymphatic fluid sometimes fails to drain properly which causes swelling in the legs and sometimes the hands and fingers to look at them but the fact accumulation in liquid email is abnormal fat it's harder and lumpy of the normal fat that's part of what makes it really hurt like when someone touches you or you bump your leg for example it's hard for others to imagine how painful it is common enough washstand. and who also has found a self-help group it already has 20 members one goal for many of them is to feel less self-conscious and resume octavo to use they enjoy like swimming. some summers i didn't even go to the pool i just stayed home everyone went to the pool except me today that's changed i go out and i don't hide anymore.

we founded the group because we don't want women with this condition to feel ashamed or to hide even with the stockings the pain the impulse to stay home we hope they'll go out and have fun again with women who know what they're going through a. manual lymphatic drainage also helps nina get this type of massage twice a week. their mood talkers i usually have an emphatic drainage message on mondays or says days after that i feel quite a lot better. park has been living with lip edema for 5 years but she's determined not to let the disorder rule her life. that's it for today see you next week and until then let's all try to stay in good shape.

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