so please take care of yourself keep your distance wash your hands if you can stay at how we do w. profusely we are working tirelessly to keep you informed on all of our plans. we're all in this together and together making sure. everybody stays history safe stay safe it's released in streets safe. it. gets into tomorrow today the science show on t w coming up. europe's new launch rocket is due to take off in late 2020 what's up with a view on the 6. we'll be doing a little experiment how natural does

a digitized voice sound. and we look at plants they may seem new but they have their own ways of communicating. the official opening of the of a young 6 integration hole in braman. at the un 6 is the european space agency's new launch vehicle its upper stage is being built here europe is trying to consolidate forces in its space program to counter the growing global competition the new heavy lift rocket will also be carrying the hopes for future space missions . because it will go high tech sector for and high tech is never finished i think we always have new ideas for improving the lot here's. what innovations does audience 6 have to offer here's an overview. opt.

europe's new launch vehicle will stand more than 60 meters tall. building the ariane 6 rocket posed challenges for the european space agency's engineers and technicians. huge fuel tanks were produced using a technique called friction star welding it softens the metal edges by christian to create smooth and durable seals it's a solid state process that doesn't melt the material it works at temperatures as low as $500.00 degrees celsius compared to the more than 2000 degrees for the usual arc welding technique. though no good knowing what. the new materials refuse to contain a large amount of lithium. and mostly i'm cannot be joined using arc welding. meters i know melting temperature so it would quickly evaporate yes men felt that. the lightweight alum many i'm living on tanks are part of the engine that powers

the upper stage of the rocket. that engine has been named vinci in on of the great inventor doctors leonardo da vinci it's special feature is that it can be restarted 5 times during a mission. that way arianne 6 will be able to release satellites destined for different orbits at different altitudes. the rocket is expected to play a part in many different projects. for example to create a network of satellites spanning the globe to enable fast internet all over the planet. the restartable vinci engine would enable the precise positioning of the necessary swarm of satellites. costs that were developed. for this purpose include visit data to support

structures designed to carry more than a dozen small satellites and deliver them to their place in space. back launching booster rockets will provide arianne with the necessary thrust. at this advanced production facility the boosters structural casings are constructed out of lightweight carbon fiber materials in other rockets the casings are still made of metal. the boosters have to withstand enormous strain they're filled with solid propellant fuel when it's ignited it will produce tremendous heat and pressure in the interior. area and 6 has yet to be launched but engineers are already working on improving it

they want to reduce its weight to increase its frost. so the plan is to develop a new upper stage by 2025. we call it a black about stage because it will be. staged and as you know carbon is much more light. components and this is why it will be lawyers to have up to 2 tons market by bt focused on us. it currently takes about a year and a half to build an engine like this by using 3 d. printing production time could well be slashed to just a few weeks and the costs reduced by a factor of 10. in 2018 a printed prototype of the engine was tested at the german aerospace center in southern germany. in the future the idea is for the ariane engine to return to earth after its flight to be reused up to 5 times.

it's an important building block for a reusable rocket in an ongoing research project a demonstrator a model prototype version was built to test how fuels perform in different usable engine designs. if to morrow's the market is going to expand and to be blowing but don't it if you bought turns out we have to get by bt to match it with a reusable orkut it is not the case today because the market today those notes does not to go totally into direction but we must be ready and this is why we want to must also technologies which could the lowest one day to go for reusability. but 1st this edition of the arianne 6 rocket has to prove itself. the launch is planned for late 2020.

the universe is a few swith particles that traverse entire planets stars and galaxies neutrinos their monk the most common elementary particles and a source of fascination for scientists in the antarctic an entire observatory has been built to detect these mysterious objects. in 2015 to physicists shared the nobel prize for demonstrating that neutrinos have nothing but how much mass to find out researchers have developed the world's most precise scale. tree knows are born during nuclear fusion in the sun countless numbers of solar neutrinos arrive on earth every 2nd and that's just one source of these mysterious particles they're so puny that until recently scientists believed they had no mass at all. today we know that the subatomic particles do have a mass an extremely small one. is this magnus lesser is involved in experiments to

pin it down they've already yielded initial results. yet so he's measurements allowed us to narrow down the estimated mass so the upper limit was previously to electronic votes and now we've cut that in half with we now know that you treat those have to be lighter than one electron volts massacre level and it's hard to picture how small that is kilograms of the year 0.0 dark $36.00 more zeros and that aligns that's an incredibly tiny massive giving us. as part of an international team of more than $100.00 researchers here at the crowds who institute of technology they're using a giant neutrino scale and operators called cutting in to investigate one of the biggest mysteries in physics cutting was built in southeastern germany in 2001. but it was too big to be transported by land instead it went on a 9000 kilometer detour down the danube around europe by sea and up the rhine then

came a tight squeeze the last few kilometers in karlsruhe or to the research center where it finally got down to work. a big effort for such tiny particles. can signal every getting big centimeter of the universe still has about 300 neutrinos left over from the big bang with the use of other sources like the sun and supernovas all those also produce huge amounts and not hear a lot of new transfers arrive on earth and pass right through our bodies these are so weakly interacting we don't even notice them not feel familiar that's gas or through every square centimeter of our skin every 2nd of this and we don't even notice from those. weighing neutrinos is very complicated and requires some clever tricks catchin measures some 70 meters long. at one end of the device the scientists put tritium a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. the base of decay of the radioactive tritium nuclei. i produces an electron and

a neutrino the 2 particles share the decay energy which is a known quantity and that allows the researchers to determine the neutrinos mass the neutrinos aren't detectable but the electrons are and their and their g. can be measured only a few highly energetic electrons end up in the giant spectrometer the researchers measure their energy and then subtract it from the decay energy to arrive at the neutrinos energy and thus its mass. now the researchers want to make the measurements even more sensitive. but must if the mass is here and we keep increasing sensitivity will come a point where we'll be able to actually measure a mass right now the sensitivity is here and the mass is somewhere between 0 and this limit we can't measure it yet but we're getting that we can all just to do the project will continue through 2024 giving the scientists 1000 days of measurements in all that. is the simplest things about what we're doing here is that we're

working right at the scientific frontenac and at the cutting edge of stuff we've got our team with all these experts and so i working to push the boundaries even further. across who are researchers now know that the neutrino scale works and what they discover with cartoon over the next few years could revolutionize the world of physics. neutrinos are a top candidate for the mysterious dark matter that's thought to account for most of the stuff in the universe most astro physicists believe that dark matter exists but they still don't know what it consists of. a problem is red white object but only if they feel it if you have a science question send it in as a video text oh voicemail. if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. cannot just ask. i

got this week's question comes from severe of the era in columbia. why do animal horns vary so greatly. saw a small. others big. big maybe cuddly point upwards or downwards. but even though they look very different they all have. the same structure the bony core of the horn protrudes from the skull. then comes the sheath which is usually hollow and made of keratin similar to hair feathers fingernails and hooves. but not all animals with horns come from the same family rhinos are once known as uncle it as they have 3 toes and they are the only ones in that family to have horns.

any other group is the brother die family that even you let's which nearly all have horns they include cattle sheep and goats but also antelopes and gazelles. by contrast moves and deer don't have horns they have and clothes which are bony structures. elephant tusks by the way are neither horn small and close but actually teeth are made of dental. but what's the purpose of hormones. in all cases that sharp weapons to fend off enemies. but perhaps their most important function is to impress the males with large attractive horns will have an easier time finding a mate. and establishing themselves at the top of the pecking order incidentally they rarely enjoy each other seriously as the horns fit together well. in short horns vary so much because they've adapted over time to become more and more

specialized to ensure the survival of each species. if you're in the mood for more science stories visit us online at d w dot com slash science and you'll find us on twitter and facebook. now we're going to talk about an instrument we use all the time without giving it much thought our voice. was a computer generated voice but hear it tomorrow. today we force everything ourselves so now at least some of the discovery having to do something extra it's about the human voice and to young people who let us have a voice is for a very interesting. hello when hello i'm mariana i'm 29 and i'm a film student. on this by mach's 28 and i'm just real designer you know. max and i gonna have been selected for an experiment we're going to steal their

voices or to be more precise reproduce them digitally with the help of the french company candy voice. we can imitate all voices very naturally and that's your. first language specialists need voice samples from max and find governments who spoiler at sea. and they speak 500 sentences which contain all the sounds of the german language defenseless and that i'm fluent nama talk in. double but you know also. that the sentences are recorded in a radio studio and sent off to paris. did you receive the files. we yes i have everything get to work and we'll see each other in 2 weeks in paris i mean. will they really be able to create

convincing copies of max and ariana's voices and what are digital voices actually good for canadian software company lyrebird has found at least one yes they've cloned the voice of donald trump using original sound bites but now they can make him say whatever they want. i am not why insulation is always different and how they want i am not a robot a nation has always done not a robot this is obviously fake but what will happen in the future when the technology is improved and you can't be sure whether the leader of a country really said something or not. helpful to. what it was of the nature of. liar bird is a free program that anyone can use but currently only in english arianna is testing the program. to do that she needs to record 20 sentences. james put his hand in the pocket of this rope if you bread crumbs remained 10

minutes later the program can see any sentence in our going on his voice. and 29 years old engine. it's not totally convincing but perhaps it's only a matter of time before artificial intelligence becomes a master impersonator will we be able to tell the difference between a real human on the phone and a computer clone of their voice will telephone recording still have any legal weight in court it's too early for experts to predict what hazards the new technology will bring but despite that lots of companies including banks are planning to replace pin numbers with voice recognition. the phone hoover institute in darmstadt is testing how secure these systems are project manager following on kish shows us how he works my voice is now my password.

is what the company keeps voice samples of their customers on file it's software creates a biometric profile with more than $100.00 characteristics including pitch and rhythm my. mind is. my pos what is mine. when a customer logs on the program compares their voice to the one saved on their profile if there's a 100 percent match they get the green light but what happens if you played a clone for us from liar bird. to end lie of a similar systems haven't reached the level of perfection required to replicate the melody and features of a human voice in. artificial voices are also used in the entertainment industry the french company can do voices developing software for computer games. players

can have fun with well known voices. people who've lost their voice through illness could also benefit from the technology as long as their voice is saved in the system. off again you could do more. after off again you could do more on. how technology can synthesize a voice on the basis of just 80 words thereafter a voice can say whatever the person wants to play. and macs are eager to hear what their artificial voices sound like. i give you the microphone company founders on luke claim who has something unusual in mind for their visit he claims that ariana should be able to speak in max's voice let's see if he's right. you are you know i'm from germany speaking with marches for sound a very real. confirmation are similar to how i hear my record of course.

and what about vice versa the. marks i'm speaking with arianna's voice it's really pretty convincing but it feels quite weird. the result is really quite impressive but still can't be mistaken for the real thing for our guinea pigs max and i'm gonna that comes as something of a really. can hear voices with a real all synthetic. well study shows that they do perceive sounds that enables the release of a piece to locate a source of water and grow in the direction of the water sound. in other ways to kill it so highly sensitive to signals in their surroundings.

not only register and give off certain fragrances they can also sense whether the it is dry or dumb. whether there's a gentle breeze or strong wind and which direction it's coming from. that constantly measuring the air temperature they can differentiate between morning and evening light they're equipped with infrared an ultraviolet light sensors and if they find themselves in the shade they can tell whether it's being caused by a rock or not a plant. plants collect information every 2nd they need to respond to their environment so they can adopt the right behavior to survive just like common moles 10 years ago the idea of plant behavior wasn't taken seriously now that's changing . i think we can call it plant behavior because plants are able to perceive all kinds of environmental conditions process

this information internally and then respond accordingly. and i would define that as behavior based on the definition of the word. on. a while to back a plant called nicotine yeah a 10 year displays especially complex behavior to defend itself. if attacked by pests or in this case a scientist can produce more than 1000 substances in just one hour. they all help to fend off attacks from hungry predators and repel them. but it doesn't work on every predator. the hawk-moth is immune to the nicotine produced by the tobacco plant. its larvae also resistant. so the plant changes that strategy. good luck gives off certain sense that attract

a predatory bug. it pierces the caterpillars and sucks out that and. so the plant is basically drawing on outside help to fend off the pest. that's a fair amount of predatory bugs nearby the caterpillars continue to feed. so the plant changes time once again. if you juices digestive inhibitors which make sure the caterpillar can't absorb the food to teach. the plant which draws its nutrients from the leaves and stores them in the stem. these 2 strategies serve one purpose. the caterpillars stay small which keeps them vulnerable to predatory pokes for much longer. some. times that doesn't help either and the caterpillars grow into giant eating machines. which get prices

serious threat to the tobacco plant and so it tries yet another tactic. when defensive ok if your plant is very badly injured it changes the pollinators it attracts from off's to hummingbirds which are active during the day. one of the pollination is then taken care of by hummingbirds going up runs up on information this helps the plant to get rid of the hawk moths and they're caterpillars but what exactly is it doing. to the flowers change in some way. tests reveal that this is in fact the case. percent from the flowers becomes weaker so the walkabouts can't sunset. the plant also keeps its flowers shots at night and only opens them again in the

morning when the whole plots are talked out. this ensures that the plant is pollinated by humming bads and not wants to. be described as intelligent behavior. bookish going into the consumer i think it's a step too far to call it intelligence i prefer to think of it as complex reactions . which were planted trying to find a solution to the critical to or sometimes not so critical situation it finds itself in to ensure its survival and. i do believe. these survival strategies are genetically programmed they to evolve throughout the course of evolution to protect the plant and keep predators up. i. it seems we can also bribe plants with some won't grapevines grow better when

they're exposed to lots of music the grapes us we send the plant some more resistant to diseases at least that's what one study claims. next time we'll be talking about climate research we go to rwanda to pay a visit to the 1st climate observatory on the african continent. join us till then stay curious to see you soon but by. the way to.

check it takes this special trip. to do this show is not just the city trip but also a journey for jewish history aspiring warms the minds arkansas. to create of jerky judaism. jewish life has shaped these 3 cities for more than 900 years and i want

to know what remains of it. chickie i'm. coming up on d w. coincidence . i. heard these. i recorded. armstrong to make up. for him and i'd spotted. they were abducted by the nazis and taken to germany to be raised as citizens of

the earth. during world war 2 thousands of polish children suffer. even today many of them don't know their real parents well. they've lived with this trauma for decades. children the kidnapping campaign of nazi germany starts april 28th w. how do you like to. discover your concept discovered with obama. a legend after 100 years the ideals of the favs kamu relevant today the late word that. go there is reshaped things to come. people understood designs with shaping society. the powerhouse of man

that cost so far. with ideas time part of our future. what makes the battle and its. fire into this very. hard to. say. world report documentary stories made w. . this is d.w. news and these are our top stories pope francis in a live streamed easter mass has called for a global solidarity against covert 19 the pontiff spoke to a small audience in st peter's basilica instead of the 10s of thousands who normally gather outside.