the sins of the early. during world war 2 thousands of polish children suffer this fate. even today many of them don't know who the real parents were. they've lived with this trauma for decades. telling children the kidnapping campaign of nazi germany starts april 28th monday tell me you. get into tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. europe's new launch rocket is due to take off in late 2020 what's up with arianna 6. will be doing a little experiment how natural does

a digitized voice sound. i am as we look at plants they may seem new but they have their own ways of communicating. the official opening of the of a young 6 integration hole in braman up at the un 6 is the european space agency's new launch vehicle its upper stage is being built here europe is trying to consolidate forces in its space program to counter the growing global competition the new heavy lift rocket will also be carrying the hopes for future space missions . because in a way the high tech sector for and high tech is never finished because we always have new ideas for improving. what innovations does our young 6 have to offer here's an overview opt.

europe's new launch vehicle will stand more than 60 meters tall. buildings the ariane 6 rocket posed challenges for the european space agency's engineers and technicians. huge fuel tanks were produced using a technique called friction star welding it softens the metal edges by friction to create smooth and durable seals it's a solid state process that doesn't melt the material it works the temperatures as low as $500.00 degrees celsius compared to the more than 2000 degrees for the usual arc welding technique. though i didn't know anything about what the new materials review last year contain a large amount of lithium. and mostly i'm cannot be joined using arc welding. meters i know melting temperature so it would quickly evaporate yes the fact that. the lightweight alum many i'm living on tanks are part of the engine the cow is the

upper stage of the rocket. that engine has been named vinci in honor of the great inventor doctors leonardo da vinci it special feature is that it can be restarted 5 times during a mission. that way ariane 6 will be able to release satellites destined for different orbits at different altitudes. the rocket is expected to play a part in many different projects. for example to create a network of satellites spanning the globe to enable fast internet all over the planet. the restartable vinci engine would enable the precise positioning of the necessary swarm of satellites. constantly develop. for this purpose include this adaptor the support structure is

designed to carry more than a dozen small satellites and deliver them to their place in space. at launch booster rockets will provide arianne with the necessary thrust. at this advanced production facility the boosters structural casings are constructed out of lightweight carbon fiber materials and other rockets the casings are still made of metal. the boosters have to withstand enormous strain they're filled with solid propellant fuel when it's ignited it will produce tremendous heat and pressure in the interior. area and 6 has yet to be launched but engineers are already working on improving it

they want to reduce its weight to increase its frost. so the plan is to develop a new upper stage by 2025. with colleagues of black above steps because it will be. a stage and as you know car bunnies much more like they'll send them a taller by nancy and this is why it will eloise to have up to 2 tons mock up by bt focused on us. it currently takes about a year and a half to build an engine like this by using 3 d. printing production time could well be slashed to just a few weeks and the costs reduced by a factor of 10. in 2018 a printed prototype of the engine was tested at the german aerospace center in southern germany. in the future the idea is for the ariane engine to return to earth after its flight to be reused up to 5 times.

it's an important building block for a reusable rocket in an ongoing research project a demonstrator a model prototype version was built to test how fuels perform in different regions of the engine designs. if to morrow's the market is going to expand and to be bought don't it is important that we have to get by bt to match it with a reusable orkut it is not the case today because the market today does not so does not to go totally into direction between must be ready and this is why we want to must also be noted g.'s which could go low as one day to go for reusability. but 1st this edition of the arianne 6 rocket has to prove itself. the launch is planned for late 2020.

the universe is a few used with particles that traverse entire planets stars and galaxies neutrinos their monk the most common elementary particles and a source of fascination for scientists in the antarctic an entire observatory has been built to detect these mysterious objects. in 2015 to physicists shared the nobel prize for demonstrating that neutrinos have moved but how much mass to find out researchers have developed the world's most precise scale. trina's are born during nuclear fusion in the sun countless numbers of solar neutrinos arrive on earth every 2nd and that's just one source of these mysterious particles they're so puny that until recently scientists believed they had no mass at all. today we know that the subatomic particles do have a mass an extremely small one. physicist magnus lesser is involved in experiments

to pin it down they've already yielded initial results. yet so he's measurements allowed us to narrow down the estimated mass slightly at the upper limit was previously to electronic votes and now we've cut that in half with we now know that you train those have to be lighter than one electron volts massaquoi belongs to it's hard to picture how small that is grams it busier 0.0 followed by study 6 more zeros and then a ones that's an incredibly tiny mass is getting a. cluster is part of an international team of more than $100.00 researchers here at the crowds who institute of technology they're using a giant neutrino scale and operators called catherine to investigate one of the biggest mysteries in physics cutting was built in southeastern germany in 2001. but it was too big to be transported by land instead it went on a 9000 kilometer detour down the danube around europe by sea and up the rhine then

came a tight squeeze the last few kilometers in karlsruhe or to the research center where it finally got down to work. a big effort for such tiny particles. considered by every getting big centimeter of the universe still has about 300 neutrinos left over from the big bang with that he has other sources like the sun and supernovas all those also produce huge amounts on the team a lot of new transfers arrive on earth and pass right through our bodies few of these are so weakly interactive that we don't even notice them not feel familiar as glass or 2 every square centimeter of our skin every 2nd of this and we don't even notice from those. weighing neutrinos is very complicated and requires some clever tricks catchin measures some 70 meters long. at one end of the device the scientists put tritium a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. the base of decay of the radioactive tritium nuclear. produces an electron and

a neutrino the 2 particles share the decay energy which is a known quantity and that allows the researchers to determine the neutrinos mass the neutrinos aren't detectable but the electrons are and their energy can be measured only a few highly energetic electrons end up in the giant spectrometer the researchers measure their energy and then subtract it from the decay energy to arrive at the neutrinos energy and thus its mass. now the researchers want to make the measurements even more sensitive. but he must say if the masses hear that and we keep increasing sensitivity will come a point where we'll be able to actually measure a mass right now the sensitivities here and the mass is somewhere between 0 and this limit we can't measure it yet but we're getting that we can all just to do the project will continue through 2024 giving the scientists 1000 days of measurements in all that. is the saddest thing about what we're doing here is that we're working

right at the scientific frontenac and at the cutting edge of himself with our team with all these experts and so i working to push that boundaries even further to see if. the girls who are researchers now know that the neutrino scale works and what they discovered with cartoon over the next few years could revolutionize the world of physics. neutrinos are a top candidate for the mysterious dark matter that's thought to account for most of the stuff in the universe most astro physicists believe that dark matter exists but they still don't know what it consists of. if outlet is right why are there but only 5 years later if you have a science question send it in as a video text ovoid smile. if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. can on just ask. you

this week's question comes from severe of the era in columbia. why do animal horns very says great tree. saw a small. others big. cuddly point upwards or downwards. but even though they look very different they all have. the same structure the bony core of the horn protrudes from the skull. then comes the sheath which is usually hollow and made of keratin similar to hair feathers fingernails and hooves. but not all animals with horns come from the same family rhinos are once known as odd as they have 3 toes and they are the only ones in that family to have horns.

the other group is the brother dai family that even told uncle let's which nearly all have horns they include cattle sheep and goats but also antelopes and gazelles . by contrast the moose and deer don't have horns they have antlers which are bony structures. elephant tusks by the way are neither horns nor employers but actually teeth are made of dental. but what's the purpose of horns. in all cases they're sharp weapons to fend off enemies. but perhaps their most important function is to impress the males with large attractive horns will have an easier time finding a mate. and a stablish in themselves at the top of the pecking order incidentally they rarely enjoy each other seriously as the hormones fit together well. in short horns vary so much because they've adapted over time to become more and more specialized to

ensure the survival of each species. if you're in the mood for more science stories visit us online at d w dot com slash science and you'll find us on twitter and facebook. now we're going to talk about an instrument we use all the time without giving it much thought our voice. that it was a computer generated voice but here tomorrow. today we boys everything ourselves so now at least some of the discovery having to do some extra it's bad boys and 2 young people who let us borrow their voices for a very interesting. hello and hello i mariana i'm 29 and i'm a film student. on this by mach's 28 and i'm just real designer. max and i gonna have been selected for an experiment we're going to steal their voices

or to be more precise reproduce them digitally with the help of the french company kandi voice. we can imitate all voices very naturally and that's your very. first the language specialists need voice samples from max and i find gardeners who spoiler at sea. and they speak 500 sentences which contain all the sounds of the german language defenselessness and i'm flynn ahmed talk in. dublin but you know also. that the sentences are recorded in a radio studio and sent off to paris. did you receive the files. yes i have everything get to work and we'll see each other in 2 weeks in paris i mean. will they really be able to create

convincing copies of max and ariana's voices and what are digital voices actually good for canadian software company lyrebird has found at least one use they've cloned the voice of donald trump using the original sound bytes but now they can make him say whatever they want. i am not a generation is always different and how they want i am not a robot today she was always there for i'm not a robot this is obviously fake but what will happen in the future when the technology is improved and you can't be sure whether the leader of a country really said something or not. it's a couple of days and that's what it was the nature of. liar bird is a free program that anyone can use but currently only in english arianna is testing the program. to do that she needs to record 20 sentences. james put his hand in the pocket of this rope if you bread crumbs remained 10

minutes later the program can say any sentence in adding on his voice and name is in and 29 years old jimmy. it's not totally convincing but perhaps it's only a matter of time before artificial intelligence becomes a master impersonator will we be able to tell the difference between a real human on the phone and a computer clone of their voice will telephone recording still have any legal weight in court it's too early for experts to predict what hazards the new technology will bring but despite that lots of companies including banks are planning to replace pin numbers with voice recognition. the phone hoover institute is testing how secure these systems are project manager flowing and. shows us how

he works minus to me my voice is not my password much to me it's what the company keeps voice samples of their customers on file it's software creates a biometric profile with more than 100 characteristics including pitch and rhythm mine. mine. mine mine. mine pos what is my instrument when a customer logs on the program compares their voice to the one saved on their profile if there's a 100 percent match they get the green light but what happens if you played a cloned voice from liar bird. to end liable and other similar systems haven't reached the level of protection required to replicate the melody and features of a human voice in. artificial voices are also used in the entertainment industry the french company can do voices developing software for computer games. players

can have fun with well known voices. people who've lost their voice through illness could also benefit from the technology as long as their voice is saved in the system. now off again you know could you more. now fall off again you know. how technology can synthesize a voice on the basis of just 80 words thereafter a voice can say whatever the person wants to converge. on and max are eager to hear what their artificial voices sound like. i give you the microphone company founders on nuke claim who has something unusual in mind for their visit he claims that arianna should be able to speak in max's voice let's see if he's right 'd. marianna from germany well i'm speaking with max's voice and it sounds very real.

it's coming from his job similar to how i hear my recorded voice to mckenna and what about vice versa. i max i'm speaking with arianna's voice it's really pretty convincing but it feels quite weird only. the result is really quite impressive but still can't be mistaken for the real thing. for our guinea pigs max and i'm gonna that comes as something of a really. can plants hear voices with a real all synthetic. well study shows that they do perceive sounds that enables the release of a piece shoot to locate a source of water and grow in the direction of the water sound. and in other ways to kill it so highly sensitive to signals in their surroundings.

not only register and give off certain fragrances they can also sense whether the it is dry or dumb. whether there's a gentle breeze or a strong wind and which direction it's coming from. constantly measuring the air temperature they can differentiate between morning and evening light they're equipped with infrared an ultraviolet light senses and if they find themselves in the shade they can tell whether it's being caused by a rock or another plant. plants collect information every 2nd they need to respond to their environment so they can adopt the right behavior to survive just like on a moles 10 years ago the idea of plant behavior wasn't taken seriously now that's changing. based on your reaction from i think we can call it plant behavior because plants are able to perceive all kinds of environmental conditions process

this information internally and then respond accordingly. and i would define that as behavior based on the definition of the word. in its own form. a while to plant call to continue. displays especially complex behavior to defend itself if attacked by pests or in this case. a scientist can produce more than $1000.00 substances in just one hour. they all help to fend off attacks from hungry predators and repel them. but it doesn't work on every predator. the hawk-moth is immune to the nicotine produced by the tobacco plant. its larvae are also resistant. so the plant changes its strategy. if. the land gives off certain sense that attract

a predatory bug. it pierces the caterpillars and sucks out that and. so the plant is basically drawing on outside help to fend off the pest. but if there aren't enough predatory bugs nearby the caterpillars continue to feed. side of the plant train just happen once again. it produces digestive inhibitors which make sure the caterpillar can't absorb the food to teach. the plant withdraws its nutrients from the leaves and stalls them in the stem. these 2 strategies serve one purpose. the caterpillars stay small which keeps them vulnerable to predatory pokes for much longer. sometimes that doesn't help either and the caterpillars grow into giant eating machines. which could prices serious threat to the tobacco plant and so it tries

yet another tactic. when the friends of plants is very badly injured it changes the pollinators it attracts to hummingbirds which are active during the day . one of the pollination is then taken care of by hummingbirds going up runs up on information this helps the plant to get rid of the hawks. it's in that caterpillars but what exactly is it doing. to the flower was a change in some way. the. tests reveal that this is in fact the case. of the centrum the flowers becomes weaker so the book parts can't sense and. the plant also keeps its flowers shot at night and only opens them again in the

morning when the whole quotes are talked of. this ensures that the plant is pollinated by hummingbirds and not support wants. to. be described as intelligent behavior. bookish going into the consumer i think it's a step too far to call it intelligence i prefer to think of it as a complex reactions. which were planted trying to find a solution to the critical to or sometimes not so critical situation it finds itself in to ensure its survival and. i do believe. these survival strategies are genetically programmed they've evolved throughout the course of evolution to protect the plant and keep predators up by. it seems we can also bribe plants with sound grapevines grow best when they're

exposed to lots of music the grapes and the plant some more resistant to diseases at least that's what one study claims. the next time we'll be talking about climate research we go to wonder to pay a visit to the 1st climate observatory on the african continent. join a. stay curious. but i.

mean. what's the secret of this classic it. isn't the sound. or the story behind the music i hate the foreign agent register.

ha. ha things nice symphony for the world. in 15 minutes on d w. how to. discover your. concept discovered with a bow house. school. after 100 years the ideals of the bombs are more relevant today than they were. years ago visionaries reshaped things to come the bombs people understood design is a way of shaping society. a powerhouse and that's crossed our. with ideas that are part of our future found out

a part of our. house world the part documentary stories made w. . in the us of climate change. most of us. what do they have of their future. g.w. dot com african american cities the multimedia. click. this

is deja vu news live from berlin easter under lockdown churches around the world celebrate the holy day without congregations in rome pope francis calls for global solidarity in fighting the coronavirus pandemic and for cease fires in all conflicts st peter's square normally packed with tens of thousands of stands to serve it also coming up. the world's major oil producers agree to

a record slashing output oil markets have been steamrolled by a price for and the coronavirus pandemics.