how the virus spread. why do we have it and when will all the. time just 3 of the topics covered and the weekly radio show it's called spectrum if you would like any information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us and t.w. dot com. science. gets you into tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. europe's new launch rocket is due to take off any late 2020 what's up with ion 6. we'll be doing a little experiment how natural does the digitized voice sound.

and as we look at plants they may seem mute but they have their own ways of communicating. the official opening of the of the young 6 integration hole in braman. at the un 6 is the european space agency's new launch vehicle its upper stage is being built here europe is trying to consolidate forces in its space program to counter the growing global competition the new heavy lift rocket will also be carrying the hopes for future space missions. because in the wake of the high tech sector and high tech is never finished i think we always have new ideas for improving on. what innovations does other young 6 have to offer here's an overview. of. europe. new launch vehicle will stand more than 60 meters tall.

building the ariane 6 rocket posed challenges for the european space agency's engineers and technicians. huge fuel tanks were produced using a technique called friction star welding it softens the metal edges by friction to create smooth and durable seals it's a solid state process that doesn't melt the material it works the temperatures as low as $500.00 degrees celsius compared to the more than 2000 degrees for the usual arc welding technique. though i didn't know anything about. the new materials review mr contain a large amount of lithium. and mostly i'm cannot be joined using arc welding. details i know melting temperature so it would quickly evaporate yes well for. the lightweight alimony i'm libyan tanks are part of the engine that powers the upper

stage of the rocket. that engine has been named vinci in honor of the great inventor doctors leonardo da vinci its special feature is that it can be restarted 5 times during a mission. that way arianne 6 will be able to release satellites destined for different orbits at different altitudes. the rocket is expected to play a part in many different projects. for example to create a network of satellites spanning the globe to enable fast internet all over the planet. the restartable vinci engine would enable the precise positioning of the necessary swarm of satellites. costs that were developed for this. person clued visit data the support structure

is designed to carry more than a dozen small satellites and deliver them to their place in space. that launch booster rockets will provide arianne with the necessary thrust. at this advanced production facility the boosters structural casings are constructed out of lightweight carbon fiber materials in other rockets the casings are still made of metal. the boosters have to withstand enormous strain they're filled with solid propellant fuel when it's ignited it will produce tremendous heat and pressure in the interior. area and 6 has yet to be launched but engineers are already working on improving it

they want to reduce its weight to increase its thrust. so the plan is to develop a new upper stage by 2025. we call it a black about steps because it will be. staged and as you know cowboy nice mitch. called the notes and this is why it will last a while up to 2 tons mock up by bt focused on us. it currently takes about a year and a half to build an engine like this by using 3 d. printing production time could well be slashed to just a few weeks and the costs reduced by a factor of 10. in 2018 a printed prototype of the engine was tested at the german aerospace center in southern germany. in the future the idea is for the ariane engine to return to earth after its flight to be reused up to 5 times.

it's an important building block for a reusable rocket in an ongoing research project a demonstrator a model prototype version was built to test how fuels perform in different regions of the engine designs. if tomorrow's a market is going to expand and to be bought that it isn't bought turns up we have to get by bt to match it with a reusable orkut it is not the case today because the market today those notes are does not to go totally into direction but we must be ready and this is why we want to must also pick no g.'s which could go low as one day to go for reusability. but 1st this edition of the arianne 6 rocket has to prove itself. the launch is planned for late 2020.

the universe is suffused with particles that traverse entire planets stars and galaxies neutrinos their monk the most common elementary particles and a source of fascination for scientists in the antarctic an entire observatory has been built to detect these mysterious objects. in 2015 to physicists shared the nobel prize for demonstrating that neutrinos have moved but how much mass to find out researchers have developed the world's most precise scale. tree knows are born during nuclear fusion in the sun countless numbers of solar neutrinos arrive on earth every 2nd and that's just one source of these mysterious particles they're so puny that until recently scientists believed they had no mass at all. today we know that this subatomic particles do have a mass an extremely small one physicist. magnus lesser is involved in experiments

to pin it down they've already yielded initial results. yet so his measurements allowed us to narrow down the estimated mass so the upper limit was previously to electronic votes and now we've cut that in half with we now know that the tree those have to be like to the new one electron volts massacre of a little it's hard to picture how small that is grams it this year 0.0 dark $36.00 more zeros and then aligns that's an incredibly tiny mass is getting a. closer is part of an international team of more than $100.00 researchers here at the crowds who institute of technology they're using a giant neutrino scale and operators called cutting in to investigate one of the biggest mysteries in physics cutting was built in southeastern germany in 2001. but it was too big to be transported by land instead it went on a 9000 kilometer detour down the danube around europe by sea and up the rhine then came

a tight squeeze the last few kilometers in karlsruhe or to the research center where it finally got down to work. a big effort for such tiny particles. can signify for every big centimeter of the universe still has about 300 neutrinos left over from the big bad with that he has other sources like the sun and supernovas although also produce huge amounts and not he lots of new transfers arrive on earth and pass right through our bodies feet on these nets so weakly interacting we don't even notice them not feel familiar there's gas through every square centimeter of our skin every 2nd of this and we don't even notice from those . weighing neutrinos it's very complicated and requires some clever tricks catchin measures some 70 meters long. at one end of the device the scientists put tritium a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. the base of decay of the radioactive tritium nuclei. duces an electron and

a neutrino the 2 particles share the decay energy which is a known quantity and that allows the researchers to determine the neutrinos mass the neutrinos aren't detectable but the electrons are and their energy can be measured only a few highly energetic electrons end up in the giant spectrometer the researchers measure their energy 1 and then subtract it from the decay energy to arrive at the neutrinos energy and thus its mass. now the researchers want to make the measurements even more sensitive. but must if the mass is here and we keep increasing sensitivity will come a point where we'll be able to actually measure a mass right now the sensitivity is here and the mass is somewhere between 0 and this limit we can't measure it yet but we're getting that the good old us to do the project will continue through 2024 giving the scientists 1000 days of measurements in all of. this the so let's think about what we're doing here is that we're

working right at the scientific front here actually and at the cutting edge itself we've got our team with all these experts because i working to push the boundaries even further to see. the pros who are researchers now know that the neutrino scale works and what they discovered with katherine over the next few years could revolutionize the world of physics. neutrinos are a top candidate for the mysterious dark matter and that's thought to account for most of the stuff in the universe most astro physicists believe that dark matter exists but they still don't know what it consists of. the problem is red white are great but only very good if you have a science question send it in as a video text oh voicemail. if we answer it on the show we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. can on just ask. this

week's question comes from severe they write in columbia. why do animal horns vary so great. song or small. others big. they maybe. point upwards or downwards. but even though they look very different they all. have the same structure the bony core of the horn protrudes from the skull. then comes the sheath which is usually hollow and made of keratin similar to hair feathers fingernails and hooves. but not all animals with horns come from the same family rhinos are what's known as odd as they have 3 toes and they're the only ones in that family to have horns.

the other group is the brother di family they're even told uncle it's which nearly all have horns they include cattle sheep and goats but also antelopes and gazelles . by contrast moves and deer don't have horns they have antlers which are bony structures. elephant tusks by the way are neither horns nor employers but actually teeth are made of dental. but what's the purpose of horns. in all cases that sharp weapons to fend off enemies. but perhaps their most important function is to impress the males with large attractive horns will have an easier time finding a mate. and a stablish in themselves at the top of the pecking order incidentally they rarely enjoy each other seriously as the horns fit together well. in short horns vary so much because they've adapted over time to become more and more specialized to

ensure the survival of each species. if you're in the mood for more science stories visit us online at v.w. dot com slash science and you'll find us on twitter and facebook. now we're going to talk about an instrument we use all the time without giving it much thought our voice. that it was a computer generated voice but hear it tomorrow. today we force everything ourselves so now at least some are just going to have been introduced and next record it's about the human voice and 2 young people who led us to have horses for a very interesting. hello when hello i mariana i'm 29 and i'm a film student. on this by mach's 28 and i'm just real designer. max and i gonna have been selected for an experiment we're going to steal their voices

or to be more precise reproduce them digitally with the help of the french company candy voice. we can imitate all voices very naturally i know your very. first the language specialists need voice samples from max and i find gardeners who spoiler at sea. and they speak 500 sentences which contain all the sounds of the german language defenselessness and i'm flynn dhamma talk in . double back and also. the sentences are recorded in a radio studio and sent off to paris. did you receive the files. we yes i have everything to work and we'll see each other in 2 weeks in paris i mean. will they really be able to create

convincing copies of max and ariana's voices and what are digital voices actually good for canadian software company lyrebird has found at least one yes they've cloned the voice of donald trump using original sound bytes now they can make him say whatever they want. i am not a generation is always different and how they want i am not a robot today she was always different not a robot this is obviously fake but what will happen in the future when the technology is improved and you can't be sure whether the leader of a country really said something or not. helpful the. motive was of the nature of. liar bird is a free program that anyone can use but currently only in english arianna is testing the program to do that she needs to record 20 sentences. james put his hand in the pocket of his rope if you bread crumbs remained 10

minutes later the program can say any sentence in adding on his voice names. and 29 years old jimmy. it's not totally convincing but perhaps it's only a matter of time before artificial intelligence becomes a master impersonator 'd will we be able to tell the difference between a real human on the phone and a computer clone of their voice will telephone recording still have any legal weight in court it's too early for experts to predict what hazards the new technology will bring but despite that lots of companies including banks are planning to replace pin numbers with voice recognition. the phone hoover institute in darmstadt is testing how secure these systems are project manager flowing on kish shows us how boise id works minus to me my voice is now my password.

is for the company keeps voice samples of their customers on file its software creates a biometric profile with more than $100.00 characteristics including pitch and rhythm. with one of my. my pos what is my instrument when a customer logs on the program compares their voice to the one saved on their profile if there's a 100 percent match they get the green light. but what happens if you played a cloned voice from liar bird. to end liable to other similar systems haven't reached the level of perfection required to replicate the melody and features of a human voice in. artificial voices are also used in the entertainment industry the french company can do voices developing software for computer games. players

can have fun with well known voices of people who've lost their voice through illness could also benefit from the technology as long as their voices stayed in the system. off again you know could you mourn. after off again you know could you mourn. not exclusion and how technology can synthesize a voice on the basis of just 80 words thereafter a voice can say whatever the person wants to play. and macs are eager to hear what their artificial voices sound like. i give you the microphone company founders on luke claim who has something unusual in mind for their visit he claims that ariana should be able to speak in max's voice let's see if he's right. are you talking i'm from germany i'm speaking with marches for a very real. wisconsin mission are similar to how i hear my record of

course to mccain and what about vice versa. i must say i'm speaking with arianna's voice it's really pretty convincing but it feels quite weird. the result is really quite impressive but still can't be mistaken for the real thing for our guinea pigs max and i'm gonna that comes as something of a really. can hear voices with a real all synthetic. well study shows that they do perceive sound that enables the release of a piece shoot to locate a source of water and grow in the direction of the water sound. and in other ways to kill it so highly sensitive to signals in their surroundings.

not only register and give off certain fragrances they can also sense whether the it is dry or. whether there's a gentle breeze or strong wind and which direction it's coming from. that constantly measuring the air temperature they can differentiate between morning and evening light they're equipped with infrared an ultraviolet light senses and if they find themselves in the shade they can tell whether it's being caused by a rock or another plant. plants collect information every 2nd they need to respond to their environment so they can adopt the right behavior to supply you just like on a most 10 years ago the idea of plant behavior wasn't taken seriously now that's changing. based on your confront and i think we can call it plant behavior because plants are able to perceive all kinds of environmental conditions process

this information internally and then respond accordingly. and i would define that as behavior based on the definition of the word of. a while to back a plant called continue a 10 year displays especially complex behavior to defend itself. if attacked by pests or in this case a scientist can produce more than 1000 substances in just one hour. they all help to fend off attacks from hungry predators and repel them. but it doesn't work on every predator. the hawk-moth is immune to the nicotine produced by the tobacco plant. its larvae are also resistant. so the plant changes its strategy. in the lab gives off certain sense that attract

a predatory bug. it pierces the caterpillars and sucks out that and. so the plant is basically drawing on outside help to fend off the pest. but if there aren't enough predatory bugs nearby the caterpillars continue to feed. the plant train just once again. if it uses digestive inhibitors which make sure the caterpillar can't absorb the food. the plant withdraws its nutrients from the leaves and stores them in the system. these 2 strategies serve one purpose. they caterpillars stay small which keeps them vulnerable to predatory pokes for much longer. some. times that doesn't help either and the caterpillar's great interest giant eating machine. which good prices a serious threat to the tobacco plant and so it tries yet another tactic.

when the offensive ok if your plant is very badly injured it changes the pollinators it attracts from off to hummingbirds which are active during the day. one of the pollination is then taken care of by hummingbirds store owner friends of on information this helps the plant to get rid of the hawk moats and that caterpillars but what exactly is it doing. to the flowers change in some way. the tests reveal that this is in fact the case. of descent from the flowers becomes weaker so the book talks can't sunsets. the plants also keeps its flowers shot at night and only opens them again in the morning when the hope lots of talk that. this ensures that

the plant is pollinated by hummingbirds and not months. because it's all they speak described as intelligent behavior. bookish going into the consumer i think it's a step too far to call it intelligence i prefer to think of it as complex reactions . which were planters trying to find a solution to the critical to or sometimes not so critical situation it finds itself in to ensure its survival in the. i do believe. these survival strategies are genetically programmed they've evolved throughout the course of evolution to protect the planet and keep predators up. ok. it seems we can also bribe plants with sound grapevines grow better when they're

exposed to lots of music the great recession and the plan some more assistance to diseases at least that's what one study claims. next time we'll be talking about climate research we go to wonder to pay a visit to the 1st climate observatory on the african continent. join us till then stay curious to see you soon but by.

climate change. sustainability food environmental. globalization. biodiversity species conservation exploitation the quality. human rights displacement goal of the global impact of local action. global 3000. and 30 minutes on d w. if they're attacked they fight back. and it seems a rather unfair fight glance against damage other dangers. let him speak. remarkably well. i'll give

a good. morrow to. explain to minutes the. world. to go beyond the obvious. marine live. as we take on the world. we're all about the stories that matter to you the country. what ever it tastes running nut plane flew it. made for mines. tough it is for me. is for. children is for. beethoven is for. beethoven is for embryonic.

beethoven 2022 the 50th anniversary here on d w. ruin. a symbol of a long conflict in the philippines. between the muslims and the christian population. minus fighters occupied the city center in 2000 the president to turn. was told. by the favorite will never again will hold. the reconquest turned into a tragedy. this is not the kind of freedom that we want. to become a key player to islamize turner until now to say sorry guys i mean more sitting in . an exclusive report from

a destroyed city. philippines in the. start of a 20 year long t w. this is d w news live from berlin when is the right time to start easing a coronavirus lockdown as germany enjoys a sunny easter weekend that temps them to break the rules the country's most prestigious science academy recommends starting to lift the lockdown we will hear from one of its members also coming up to helping those least able to help

themselves in argentina the country has been hit twice over 1st by a recession and now by coronavirus.