of the army. during world war 2 thousands of polish children suffer. even today many of them don't know who their real parents were. they've lived with this trauma for decades. stolen children the kidnapping campaign of nazi germany starts april 28th monday timely you. can. talk to the coldest continent on earth. a fragile ecosystem that we're only just beginning to understand. is climate change threatening the penguin colonies here. to get some of the species don't exist anywhere else if they're disappear that'll

be that's the. how is global warming changing the face of an arctic and the lives of its inhabitants. in new haven is far flung parts of the world is being affected by climate change. scientists here are searching for solutions to one of the greatest environmental threats of our time. to do that they are prepared to forgo natural light for months on end. if you ask them i seeing the sun again was amazing everyone went out to take a lot. for this report we traveled to germany southern most scientific research facility.

we're taking a direct flight from cape town south africa to antarctica. there's just time for a quick farewell photo that we board a russian built transport aircraft. along with scientists and technicians from 10 different countries. technician halakhah shubert is heading for the new maya research station. though hardly a newcomer he's looking forward to the visit. once it is come on what are you can see the normal station when we fly over the gray and the icebergs it's all fantastic. i've been doing this for 19 years now so it's a bit like coming home because you know it's not. all go and the rest of the passengers change into the cold weather gear. the planes russian crew took off from an asphalt runway now they're getting ready to land on

a sheet of ice. a religious icon just to be on the safe side. the landing is perfect. and the other german experts had originally planned to travel straight on to the new maya station about 700 kilometers away but they'll have to wait. for the all of the lot to check on though the equipment check everything here and then stay here for a few days. she can't go now that you know the weather at normile is really bad and we can't get there because. it's not exactly clear how long they'll be stuck here. they only vassie like i was driving to new arrivals to a russian research station called noble outside it. it's also known as the oasis the station opened in one. 161. relics from the early

days of antarctica research. the russian station is located on one of the few parts of antarctica not completely covered with ice. inside it's pretty cozy you can also watch russian state t.v. . the station staff are happy to welcome stranded guests. langkow has spent most of his adult life working in the arctic and antarctic. back in the 1980 s. . my had to spend the winter at the north pole. my wife was pregnant at the time my daughter was born while i was away i held her in my arms for the 1st time when she was 8 months old. the antarctic contains about 90 percent

of the earth's supply of fresh water much of it in the form of glaciers. antarctica also has the world's coldest climate. one of the russians take some of the german visitors to visit a beautiful ice cave. the only way to get inside is to crawl on all fours. the ice here is thousands of years old this part of the white continent appears blue. temperatures can on rare occasions even drop to minus 500. the coast of antarctica

. the cold doesn't bother these adelie penguins which are common along the entire antarctic coast. they're not used to seeing strangers and they come over to investigate. these and see and all your dailies in particular a very curious because they'll come right up to you and they're lots of fun to have around some of the look which is. now 3 days later we're finally on our way to the neumeyer station located on the x. term ice shelf and instinct arctica. and then all of a sudden there it is the german research station. and.

the staff who spent the winter here give the new arrivals a warm welcome. the equipment has to be unloaded quickly the pilots want to take off what the weather is still good. from the station has been cut off from the outside world for 8 months old home the facility looks like a space ship on stilts. for many of the staff this is the 1st time on the continent including dr begich tecla where. the manson is that when you 1st arrive you'll sort of overwhelmed by the fact that you're in antarctica but this place has been made is german is this possible for better or for worse or not. you can help yourself to typical german candy for instance. and in the well stocked pantry you can find food products that are available in any german supermarket. dr be

a good striker bagus used to carrying out complex operations but up to now she's only had to carry out routine checks. yeah we. don't have any insects here or any flu viruses we just have contact with the same people. contact but in some cases when these people return home and encounter normal circumstances they'll find that their stay here has affected their immune system. there to camp and had. to get worked as a surgeon at a hospital and one off for more than 20 years but was intrigued by a newspaper ad about a job offer at the new myer station. she took the position after her 4 grown children gave their approval. i also myself whether i wanted to spend the rest of my career until my retirement doing the same morning rounds at the hospital. or perhaps it was time for something new. and one of. the outdoor

working conditions are extreme. every day scientists. and most of our set off to do their research on penguins. although we always take along emergency supplies including a tent. the ice here extends 200 meters beneath the surface. a few kilometers away we see the 1st ice floes large expanses of white that float on the sea surface there's nothing here but ice. and emperor penguins. these birds thrive in this harsh habitat.

a lot are studying this penguin colony on behalf of the german government's environment agency. the birds breed in the extreme cold of the arctic winter the scientists are monitoring the chicks feet. and using it is one of. the things from at this point they've grown quite a bit. and their parents often leave them alone while they go to look for food. from the now the chicks are slowly starting to form groups amongst themselves and that will give them some protections as a. lot of those are are going to launch a drone to help them count how many penguins are in the colony. because the camera takes photographs at specific intervals ideally those pictures

should have quite a bit of overlap so that afterwards we can take the photos and piece them together . preliminary estimates put the population of this colony at about 26000. the penguins migrate to the frozen sea ice every year to breed and raise their young. but some experts say that climate change could threaten the bird's existence. explains why. do you think. for this particular colonies there is a real risk that the structure of the sea ice that they breed on will change if the temperature rises on the ice receipts or breaks up earlier than expected the penguins breeding season will be cut short or maybe they'll have no place to breed at all. that could threaten the. future of the entire colony hit.

it's important to us that people in germany for example find out what is happening here and realize we need to protect these but it's. just something has to be done now not in phase he is sitting on his mom was. penguins have hardly any natural enemies in the antarctic. 2 during the summer months emperor penguins forage the icy waters for food. after breeding the male incubates the female single egg during some of the harshest winter weeks. the researchers often find the carcasses of penguin chicks that have died in the extreme cold. alexander vento and ben one of alice take the birds body back to their lab to try to determine the cause and time of death. the 30th is the use of by that

i mean they probably died 2 or 3 months ago just say but you can tell by their size . his entire bodies are frozen so they've been well preserved this is of a god he's a lot of the chicks die young in these extreme conditions of the actual it's really tough here. so no hard to do one here go on that we found a lot of dead chicks that what the same size we suspect that they died at the same time maybe in a storm. but despite the deaths of many chicks the colonies population has remained fairly stable for years. alexander and ben wa are looking for some penguins that they tagged years ago either with g.p.s. devices or rings on their feet. that data will help researchers find out how far the birds traveled to find food. in your area.

we are going to but today the researchers only come across more dead chicks. just because some are taught. this one probably died recently. due and maybe just a few weeks ago. will measure the carcass be clanks a wing length no wait to determine their age at the time of death due to vision side to duty just. a few other penguin colonies are studied as extensively as this one. thermal imaging cameras and high resolution lenses record the bird's movements especially during the winter months when they huddle together. as close as he is that his name the peach bird is to use as little energy as possible during the winter breeding season that is eating that's why they try to optimize their position in the colony. you know what's fascinating is that the creatures manage

without any hierarchy anyone telling them what to do to rotate their position in the group going to very orderly and collective way of being. the researchers are concerned about the impact of global warming on the antarctic sea ice because it could permanently damage the fragile ecological balance in the region. then get us if we meet the 1.502 degree target agreed in the paris convention so we can save these pads if not they'll be extinct by 2100 at the latest poll all. the noise by a station requires year round maintenance. the snow is being moved to the facilities underground garage and storage area to help shore up the bases of the 16 hydraulic columns on which the structure stands.

every year the technical crew raises the columns by about $100.00 centimeters to keep the structure above the surface of the snow and ice. is mark i like the way that science and technology interact here i science needs technology but without science there would be no technology to take anything. every year to get the snow grooming machines ready for the summer season. time is of the essence there are hundreds of kilometers of snow roads that need to be leveled but 1st the machines needed to know that it's minus 15 degrees out here today. once it's gone so when it's really cold it's better to work in pairs so that you can keep an eye on each other's faces and look around for any signs of frostbite to fairbanks and. the researchers have adapted well to the extreme conditions.

electrical engineer thomas shod has to keep everything up and running. one of his most important tasks is to collect fresh snow and convert it into drinking water. the size to come from the snow that we brought in is melting now that's i want to temperature is about 6 to greece. if. eddie in 2 hours also thank you. thomas knows the station inside and out. during the long winter months the skeleton crew has to be self-reliant among thomas' duties the maintenance of the sewage and waste water treatment equipment. is declared to be used purified waste water in the flush toilets. the water so clean that you could drink it at least in theory of trying to paint ball there.

this is the station's heating system which keeps the facility at room temperature even during the coldest days. and. the system is powered by 3 diesel generators the power plant also makes use of any waste heat that's generated outside a wind turbine brings in even more electricity. but up to now renewables only account for a quarter of the station's energy needs. as it is all in from there are. we working on introducing more wind energy and harnessing other sustainable resources. in building at all but it's very difficult in these conditions. so with these extreme temperatures and storms it didn't show. the wind turbine often ices up.

michael schumacher is an atmospheric chemist. he has to walk a kilometer and a half every day to reach a site where he takes no samples. but he's going to pound this plastic tube into the snow. afterwards the sample will be carefully packed and shipped to germany for a new. alice. these tests are aimed at determining how new snow turns into glacial ice over time. marco says it's pretty solitary work. and it's also. you spend a lot of time by yourself out here in the middle of nowhere. and the weather conditions are extreme. division to the temperature can drop to minus 40 and there's the wind chill in fact it's been dubbed by. marcos

works in his own building which houses the air chemistry observatory. he monitors the presence of greenhouse gases in the into arctic atmosphere. this in we have big pumps that feed into 4 different filtration systems. marcos records the increase in sort of particles for example during large fires in the amazon rain forest. but his main focus is on carbon dioxide and other compounds that can damage the earth's atmosphere. if it does so you will measure the c o 2 and then capture the molecules in a sodium hydroxide solution. this milky liquid here that's these images give you this is far. by analyzing the individual atoms marquess can determine where the carbon dioxide comes from. overall he seen a significant rise in c

o 2 levels known to be a major contributor to global warming just this short. this increase doesn't just represent a serious problem for the areas where these gases are produced the industrial regions of the northern hemisphere. those materials have now spread around the world. and we've even found them here in antarctica and i have to say this. for years scientists like ma course have been calling attention to the increase in greenhouse gases but politicians have failed to take action. if there's a shake and these and i'm sure it's a scary situation because we've observed there's an increase and we actually know what impact it will have was nothing good just not despite our best efforts no one is willing to stand up and do something to try and stop it it's $156.00 for

scientists that's not only scary it's really depressing if you take your measurements collect your data and your point your findings and those facts just ignored it's a bit unfair because of it. this frustration is why marcos organized what is almost certainly the world southern most climate change protest. he and his colleagues here at noyes by a station wanted to show their support for young people around the world who are also taking part in demonstrations. asking them to not make. it as it is in kids maybe at the far end of the planet but even this far flung part of the world is being affected by climate change. photograph with symbolic power. meteorologist mitchell koch is responsible for determining what impact global

warming might already be having on the antarctic atmosphere. for his research he collects data that include wind speed solar radiation and the reflective properties of the ice crust. german scientists have been taking such measurements in the antarctic since the early 1980 s. . these reports are sent to the un's intergovernmental panel on climate change. vendor. space and when we talk about climate we have to look at data over a period of at least 30 years. one year's worth of information simply isn't enough give me feel i can. hear me is getting ready to launch a weather balloon it goes up every morning at 11 o'clock and measures air temperature and the density of the ozone layer to an altitude of up to 30 kilometers. michelle says that so far his data show no evidence of global warming

here at this specific spot. and there start someone. messing me up somebody should be at this station we haven't recorded any changes in temperature feel a feel of item any other research stations in antarctica haven't either. but there has been a sizable increase in temperature in the antarctic peninsula. the arctic peninsula is the northernmost part of the continent research out there has shown this rise in temperatures has led to accelerate a glacial melting. if it's coupled with ocean warming this could have a serious impact on the sea ice where penguins live and breathe. ocean warming could also further accelerate the melting of the glaciers. this would contribute to rising global sea levels. the scientists at the new maya station are making a substantial contribution to the complex research required in these fields.

but they're also studying how to grow vegetables and other produce in this harsh environment. this is the eden i assess project a high tech greenhouse that may 1 day provide astronauts with the technology they'll need to cultivate plants during extended space missions. after you've been here for a few weeks in the darkness and you've only seen white it's a wonderful experience coming in here with the smell it makes you think of being on vacation in italy when you open the window it's great. to made those peppers and cucumber scroll without soil. the plants exposed roots are sprayed with a nutrient solution. this is. this is a real luxury for us so since june we've been able to serve fresh lettuce every evening. so we added tomatoes and cucumbers people love us through on their few

florida. chef catalina known doff says that this is probably the world's southern most vegetable garden. after the 1st tavis we celebrated. we used to have less is flown in from cape town but we hadn't had any for at least a month so this was a real event for people is saying finally something green. here is even preparing a dish with fresh pesto made with basal leaves from the greenhouse. the other ingredients come from the freezer. the researchers here are laying the groundwork for the development of plant cultivation technology that may be used in the future on board the international space station. there will be.

no enjoys her work at new maya but she does get homesick sometimes. my oldest nephew got married recently but i had to stay here. i wish i could have been there i really wanted to go so you do miss your loved ones once a month i miss the. sport is one distraction. regular work out of the research stations gym help keep the staff in good physical and mental shape. geophysicist it corba tries to get everyone involved. in this kind of mission and you. i don't just sit around for a whole year and do nothing. so we all ended up coming down here she was a good be able to tell me if i'm mad at 1st it was really hard and we all cursed ate it but now we love her believe me be a z. you might think i did wish that i didn't have

a. staff at the new my station can also look forward to a drink at the end of the day. but they have to accept they'll have the same drinking buddies for months on end. so if you prefer to avoid people you don't belong here. let's is this invading even a small group. does not we all depend on each other. we have to help each other. they have form and we really need to have a strong team spirit. team to some note barked. and so ends another day at the noise my a station a unique research facility located in one of the coldest and most remote places on earth.

india. point 3000000000 people. all need electricity. where does it come from and how eco conscious is the energy supply in the country. india and its bright prospects for. 30 minutes on d w. w's crime fighters are back a little africa's most successful radio drama series continues from all of the sos are available online to get more so you can share and discuss on t.w.

africa's facebook page and other social media platforms such crime fighters tune in now. cut. cut. cut. visited of a new life from the global race to find a vaccine britain says it's to destroy everything at developing a vaccine to feed to coronavirus i begin human trials on thursday also coming up. smartphone apps also be bought of the solution to the coronavirus prices they're already used widely in shop deporting plans for

a go to finish of that some say could be a game changer. and review of the german ship the began its long journey from go to.