and the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like any information on the growing alarmists or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at. slash science and i subscribe to do you know where your books are something more in the world than what we made our captive thoughts. over your books on. the tigris river provides the residents of mosul with a welcome relief from the oppressive summer heat perhaps for a few moments these youngsters can forget the war that robbed them of their

childhood. the black flags of the islamic state no longer fly over iraq's 2nd largest city. the all nori mosque blown up by us and 2017 is now being reconstructed. in 2014 leader abu bakar all came to the mosque to announce the creation of the islamic state caliphate. and. the effort by the iraqi army and its allies to drive out of the city caused heavy damage and killed or wounded thousands of civilians now 2 years later many local residents still have not recovered from the effects of the war they've suffered too much and their grief cannot be measured.

more than 35000 people live at this camp for displaced persons in the town of hamam . about 20 kilometers south of mosul. most of the residents are alleged to have ties to iowa spiders. there are a number of orphans and widows here. one of those widows lives in this tent with her 5 children her name is rose her husband was killed in an air raid on a mosque in mosul he was the militias in our prayer leader there will says he did not belong to i-s. . as iraqi troops clashed with islamic state fighters and 2017 she and her children fled. they've lived in this tent ever since. and will that the authorities say that my husband was a member of i asked why i went and that's why they refused to give us identity documents they say they were and i asked family what i thought i was 6 last month.

and that if i don't and because we don't have those documents we can't leave the camp that doesn't have we can't go anywhere in the am one of them the way that it was for her. role in her family spend much of the day watching t.v. . she herself was not a member of aa yes but the wives and children of islamic state fighters are paying a heavy price for crimes committed by their husbands and fathers. omar is 8 years old and he's now the breadwinner in his family he's just come home from his job in town he walked for 2 kilometers so he's hot tired. fuck you did he pay you know why not he just didn't. are you tired did they give you anything to eat yet have you eaten at all let me

know. omar talked to grow sure into giving him a bag of tomatoes it's not much but it's better than nothing. he earns the equivalent of less than a euro a day as a workman's assistant. we used to live well. back then we came here and i started working. money is all i have. so many adults sometimes i think we deserve this but then again my children are not at fault in. chile as they and other family members haven't committed any crimes. i'm afraid of the iraqi troops i don't have any documents and the authorities say that my husband was in i.a.s.

. all i want is my identity papers and. without those documents the children can't go to school. the camp is run by international n.g.o.s but iraqi law applies here. rob i thought that even in april the ministry of education announced that schools will no longer accept children who don't have id papers asli but have to apply at the ministry to get them. to do it that if they don't they're registered and their school year on count. the new regulations apply to i.a.s. families in particular. the minister says we can admit those children.

if they don't have the documents i can't help them. these families also need papers to qualify for food aid from the iraqi government. today and international organization is handing out surplus flour to large families . but the flour could spoil an extreme heat. families that don't have id documents have to rely exclusively on international food aid on. that issue at the moment that we only get flour and rice there's no more salt sugar or oil or even whole grains at the british are grateful for what they give us but we need those identification papers most of them we can't go on like this and when

i go to see the security authorities they hold up my file and say your husband wasn't i honest we're not going to help you was just there you go i mean and i'm not going to try to show us it was it. royal is fairly comfortable here. her sister's tent has some benches and other furniture. the children seem to be getting along well. but omar can't forget that he's the only member of the family who's earning money. and they pay you what the boss said not till this afternoon. but he said this morning. i don't know he said afternoon. the. official what are you going to work tomorrow. on i don't know. now

your most is a dog he said he pays in the morning in the same as yesterday. well they hand out more food soon. that probably some flour do you have any left a little it's probably spoiled they said they'd be flowers. right now nearly 900000 children are living in displaced persons camps around iraq . an estimated 45000 of them have no identification documents. countless other children live in miserable conditions outside the camps. iraqis refer to the id papers as the gold square they're an indispensable part of everyday life. people need these documents to travel or apply for a job or for food aid. to get these documents people have to go to their local

police station the process includes an interview with a representative of the security forces. that can be intimidating for a single woman or the widow of an islamic state fighter. this is. still poses a threat. if those fighters are still alive their women will try to help them we do sometimes insurgents will get new papers and try to sneak back into society. to do it in jordan. to change their appearance to shave off their beard or grow a new one. i think these i.a.'s families are really dangerous they hate the security forces and then a rock all they care about is causing destruction and bloodshed egoless so caught up with a little. of this in. his law mixtape once controlled large parts of

iraq and syria it has now lost almost all of that territory but several 1000 i as fighters remain in iraq and they're still dangerous. insurgents have launched attacks on villages near hamam. and they've placed improvised explosive devices or i e d's along the roads there's some sort of incident every week. they burn down much of the vegetation along this part of the tigris river. this open land is a perfect place for insurgents to hide and launch their attacks. but terrorist activity is rare in mosul it's that small compensation for children like omar who work on the streets for very little money. the children often do jobs that

no one else wants. that this 14 year old boy and his cousin are emptying garbage bins. they're paid by local merchants and private citizens. these children are in the equivalent of less than 3 euro's a day. i have to make some money. sell myself so i can buy food for my family and. i. i. i love our soldiers it just breaks my heart to see these kids sniffing like this they don't go to school and they have no future none at all. they have to work to provide food for themselves and for their family there's no shame in working but they do this because they have to just. that's just what it all mother let's see if you don't pay the kids to

empty the bins they'll just fill up at least they're making some money the city certainly won't pay them well the minute you know my i. this is the nabi yunis shopping street in central mosul it survived the war largely unscathed. children also work here for pennies a day i know they are the countless tireless little workers in post-war mosul. i. like. most of the kids here orphans their fathers mothers or brothers are dead or they lost their home during the war they don't earn a lot for this kind of work just enough to survive. i was. still alive but their house was destroyed in the fighting. they're rebuilding it bit by bit and aboud helps to pay for that. at their own little as they are

wanted to see that it is. but many other children in mosul have lost their entire families. the municipal orphanage has now reopened its doors and takes care of about 50 children but that's just a fraction of the total number. yet of. life for orphans is difficult anywhere but particularly in muslim countries orphanages are rare and although muslims are encouraged to care for these children adoption in the western sense is controversial. even if. they may be the children of i.a.s. spiders or iraqi soldiers they may simply be poor hungry or homeless it's some more sex slaves for the terrorists. but their lives were changed forever by

a conflict over which they had no control. i had no idea and when i don't distinguish between i asked children and others who don't even use the words i guess that they are the children period they're not to blame. for. the liberation of mosul was a welcome victory for the iraqi army and its allies. but that victory was achieved at a terrible cost to the local residents. the 8 the parents of the children who lived in this house were killed in the war they're being raised by an aunt. the youngest child can't even remember her mother and father. the boys all want to become military officers the oldest of them is 17 and he can enlist soon. it's sad that i miss it i went back to school so that i could join the army i want

to keep my ass from coming back to. the savages and that taken everything from us they killed my parents. when i think about islamic state i get so angry that i want to join the army and fight to. get us what. for some people here the grief will never end many of tried to expunge the islamic state from their collective memory. some have whitewashed the black flags that i.a.s. painted on the walls. deitch the name for i.a.s. used almost universally by arabic speakers has been painted on buildings such as this one. although it actually houses the office of a local elected government official called a mokhtari. his primary job is to help people work their way through the

bureaucracy but it was. my muscle or i need i.d.'s for the family and both witnesses and then you can have your disability card oh my oh great i'll be back in 10 minutes. i don't want the owners of this house r.i.'s yet you would like the graffiti. so you know it's an i as house life doesn't that bother you. that absolutely not but i guess road christian or infidel on the homes of civilians and government workers. that they started all this while and now we're doing the same to them why didn't it then so you behave like they did no no no i don't but it's a case of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth it's payback time i see your id card. that is. the case and if. the muck tar keeps

a close watch on all the official paperwork including applications for the all important gold square document. he's especially vigilant when it comes to suspected i-s. families. not in the us it's just not as they come in here and try to get new papers but i know them and they won't get any. bad idea that these people have to leave iraq even though they're iraqi citizens. they've shed too much plant they've killed too many people. do you want someone like that living next door to you. yeah you want them living in your town police it's just not acceptable on the bottom of the pitch. you are so much little watch those dollars go with this islamic state kill children and old people officers and soldiers and we should let these people back into the community but

their kids are just like them i guess killed our children no fun no liberation i think that it is you know you have to pay a price for hurting people and the i ask fighters should have thought about that before hand. delivered the food they should have thought about their children their wives their brothers their family their tribe the book of life you get that look at the guy but they knew this would be a dead body but if you can join i asked commit awful crimes that much and then expect us to take care of your kids like i did absolutely not to be a thought oh no. so this mokhtari is committed to keeping suspected i as family members out of his neighborhood but some people are reportedly taking the law into their own hands. there are rumors going around that some who've been linked to islamic state have been killed by local residents but. will also need

to get some i.a.s. family members fear for their safety to the point where they've gone into hiding. we've come to a suburb of mosul to meet some of them we wanted to find out whether they still support an organization that is now condemned by so many local residents. in your opinion of i yes. i'm sorry to death but it was fine to tell you the truth. i could practice my religion as i wished with no restrictions. that. so i enjoyed my life under islamic stand. sure things were better back then nowadays everyone gives us a hard time but without us with felt secure everything was fine to. hold on month. the summer no we don't feel safe anymore if i want to go out in

public on my i have to sneak out of the house mother that has done a lot of the crime don't add to that love and trust you. this woman's husband is said to have been an i as fighter she says he's dead but he supposedly survived the battle of mosul. she claims to know nothing about is a work as she calls it. and has a good you know where sometimes he said he was a soldier other times he said he was a commander i don't know for sure the market had the house he never told me about his work he didn't trust anyone. yet the watch of course his work frightens me but i don't know anything about it so it's and i'm scared because he did that work for a long time. and that's why the authorities are looking for him or so i'm afraid that they'll arrest me because of him. and there are never what they want to.

be so bring back i s. . so right i'm centering my situation i'd like to see that. she has a 10 year old son one of the islamic state child soldiers the lion cubs of the caliphate. they were trained in special camps but i also use them as human shields . we've agreed not to show his face. he suffers from a nervous tic and vision problems. i've been exercising to make myself stronger. i do pushups and target practice by throwing rocks at bottles but. the boy works at a construction site in mosul to earn money to help his family so far he's managed

to escape the security patrols that are constantly on the lookout for islamic state sleeper cells. reports say an estimated 20000 people who have alleged ties to why is are being held in iraqi prisons among them are several 100 former child soldiers. what will become of these prisoners. the authorities seem to have forgotten that islamic states origins can be traced back to a u.s. detention facility that was set up in 2003 during the iraq war. the prisoners could decide to join forces just as they did back then. baghdad based authorities have now come to mosul to make sure that all residents are properly registered. the norwegian refugee aid organization that manages this camp also offers legal advice to widows. this

mother needs documents for her 2 year old son who was born after the battle of mosul. just was he born in a hospital or attends the sit in attend. just. how many in the family. 7 of them his youngest yes. we do you work or stay at home i stayed home with him at home yes and your husband he's dead. did he stay with you. when they arrived he waited a year and then joined them. if he wanted to see it was it was he wants it i don't know but i applied for a security clearance from the authorities. official and you get it do you have the documents yes yes here they are. show me.

that security clearance is called a to breo it proves that a spouse is no longer legally wed to an i.a.s. member it gives people who are suspected of having ties to i.a.s. the opportunity to start life with a clean slate the type bria is mandatory even if as in this case the family member never actually belong to islamic state. you want out here i told my husband don't join them think of our children he said god will protect you. this morning more than 600 residents of the hamam camp are to be sent back to their home regions and the norwegian aid organization can't do anything to stop it. all the representatives can do is keep an eye on the situation because the iraqi government has the final say. critics consider such actions forced repatriations

which are illegal under international human rights law. i think it was a good let's go on and you go as i was all that stuff i'll take your daughter to the roof i think i go civil could place a sign on certain future disabled and sick people are just being herded onto the bus that it's unacceptable. to just accept that i. don't know where we're going to know i think there doesn't appear to another camp. and what camp no one's told us anything. so i'm sure we're not just going to dump

you someplace. they didn't say we're going to another camp they just said you're leaving. this is oficial government policy. but you can ask the authorities to take you to another town that somehow but i cannot if you and i don't we don't want to leave this camp were safe here there are no iraqi troops here and no one's harassing us they treat us well here that's why we want to stay if we return to our home region there might be trouble i i'm not listening i thought it was i some families have already received death threats on social media because of their alleged ties to why yes. in this district of all khalid. about 100 kilometers southwest of here some victims of islamic state terrorist attacks are said to be plotting revenge against the returning. that could have

deadly consequences for some of these people most of whom are women and children. these are the 1st major forced repatriations from this camp and the authorities say there will be more. the gradual closing of the camps is yet another indication that the government is serious about restoring law and order in iraq. but for these families it's a potentially dangerous journey into the unknown. because of the deportation operation the rest of the residents have to stay in their tents that means that omar won't be able to go to work today. his mother is nervous right now everyone knows what's going on outside.

but of course i'm scared yesterday i heard that they were going to shut down the camp i couldn't sleep all night what am i supposed to do my wife and i still don't have any idea papers are that's my big problem right now and not revenge attacks. and i want to stay here. so now that mosul has been liberated the iraqi authorities are working to restore order but regardless of where these families end up they are marked for life by their association real or alleged with a ruthless terrorist organization. and we have not heard the last of his law nick state.

they sound in time sing but are a drain on natural resources guitars made of african women in. the coastal region are threatened the american guitar builder is taking responsibility . financing reforestation income or. cool down for a good. 30 minutes on d w. this state of emergency normal. people around the world are documenting these dramatic times. they're keeping a diary. and welcoming us into. their little sketches as up

close and personal as the pandemic will allow. diary starts maintains w. d w news last summer and then funding the fight against the coronavirus world leaders especially the 7 and a half 1000000000 heroes to help fund vaccines treatment at testing but how much will it take to make it all available and affordable for everyone also coming up german researchers say the number of people infected with the virus could be 10 times higher than the number of confirmed cases it's that's after conducting

a study in one of germany's worst hit towns also on the show for me and electric raising real.