for most of the last to their final resting place the russians are d w documentary. what secrets lie behind. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. w world heritage 360 get the maps now. 75 years ago on the 8th of may 1945 europe was liberated when nazi germany surrendered to the allied forces after 6 years world war 2 was over in europe that left more than 30000000 dead here including 6000000 jews killed by the nazis today europe and with it germany remembers

a day of liberation but that was not always the case until a few years ago many germans of the war generation remembered a day of defeat and shame europe tremendous the end of world war 2 in berlin and this is the day. people playing roles of film and feel liberation of 1945 was imposed from outside it had to come from outside this country had descended too far into the evil guilds that it brought upon itself. but we too played a part in the liberation army in our internal liberation because this did not take place on a single day rather it was a long and painful process. and long. schmetz after vick.

also on the day new hope in the race to develop a corona virus vaccine can a tried and tested vaccine against tuberculosis also ward off covert 19 researches and that south africa believe yes it could. harm reduction in the number of respiratory tract. individuals who receive the rack for. 2 of us on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world well we begin the day with the anniversary of the. the end of world war 2 in europe 75 years ago today germany surrendered to the allies bringing an end to 6 years of war in europe commemorations took place here in the german capital berlin and across europe as well but they've been on a rather low level due to the coronavirus restrictions in place in many countries germany's most senior politicians gathered at the memorial to the victims of war

and dictatorship in central berlin to mark the day they laid to the victims of war and stood in silence as a trumpet player. germany's head of state president frank. urged germans to see maybe 8 as a day of gratitude because it freed germany from the terror of the nazis and brought peace to europe let's listen in for. why didn't mislead me and said today we need to liberate ourselves to liberate from the temptation of a new nationalism from the fascination of the all for a theory and from distrust isolation and hostility between nations from hate and education from xenophobia and the contempt of democracy. to all

words of warning and a reminder for continued caution there from germany's president but it was another president who actually changed how germany as a nation remembered the war in 198540 years after the end of the conflict they have fun vite seca was the 1st head of state who called the 8th of may 1905 a day of liberation calls an angry backlash from war veterans german refugee organizations and parts of the conservative establishment. to talk about that and more i'm now joined by mary fullbrook she's a professor of german history at the university college london the author and editor of some $25.00 books including a small town near auschwitz ordinary nazis and the holocaust misses for work when i looked at your profile and saw that book title order ordinary nazis i couldn't help but think about my own grandfather gary hart whose 1st and last name i share he was

one of those ordinary small town nazis not a big shot in any way but nevertheless a true believer who joined the nazi party early on and was later drafted into the office as a medic he didn't come back he died as as a prisoner of war in russia but for those like him those who did come back why was it so hard for them to remember and take responsibility i think there are a number of reasons they went through a lot there was 17 or 18000000 men in the army many of them were involved in atrocities many of them were involved in fighting a war to was as we know a truly genocidal war of unparalleled proportions and when they came back they were suffering from war from bereavement through grief through loss of calm raids many of them came back to find cities domed grew and they had a terrible lot to do with themselves and yet the cause for which that these

fighting was utterly discredited and and they were told this was all wrong you couldn't easily take responsibility for crimes on that scale particularly felt you just been used as a very small cog in a very large machine so there were many many whites in which people so they had to justify their past and they taking on any sense of real guilt what always puzzles me is how a whole nation of 80000000 people turned into anti semitic war hungry nationalists in just 12 years what is your answer to that. they didn't that's simply a misapprehension when war started in 1039 a lot of germans were extremely apprehensive they were not war hungry age is true that many germans were deeply nationalistic in the 1930 s. and we have to remember that includes jewish germans german jews who were patronage

who fought in the 1st world war so nationalism wasn't a preserve of the anti semitic minority if you like i think we have to understand is that it was a very complex situation there was a very strong and he semitic nationalist leadership the nazis and the people who went along with that but there were also people who faced incredible arts in trying to oppose this dictatorship the terror the operators of repression was enormous by the summer of 33 alone something like 100000 germans had been incarcerated the having tried to mounds effect of opposition so you have to see the balance if there is a small minority of acts of opponents there's a very large i think it's silent majority of people who just went along with it and confounded in public because they were too fearful or felt they should give in to peer group pressure should sit in with others and then a very significant probably is very difficult to fit is honestly can't store its

disagree but it was not everybody who became lanty semitic nationalist in the true nazi sense isn't why in coming back to the they remember and skull so why did it take the country so much longer than r.t. has actually asked it to philip fully come to terms with it. you have to remember 1st of all there were 2 different german states after 949 east germany under the communist auspices was very different from west germany and public cultures in the 2 states difficult massively the official ideology of the anti fascist states in east germany allowed a lot of people to just take on the alibi of having been innocently misused by the imperial snottily capitalists and so on and a good alibi for a lot of ordinary stillman's in west germany the official public culture of we'll take responsibility for the past moral responsibility did not go along with

anything by way of bringing former nazis to account in the cos there was no real reckoning there was not a real turn out for a nothing come in both east and west the main priority was rehabilitation reintegration for the nazis that meant that there was a whole generation who would compromise tendons by their involvement or not so they were not prepared to face up to so a lot of it is about generational change from the late sixty's 19 seventy's onwards a younger generation coming to challenge the older generation and a lot of debates in the public sphere mostly not so much an eastern a focus for the difference is the shift the system says of iraq when we look back now the war was over we're back to 45 years after with the war was over there was a great drive to never let it happen again they when was founded later the you there was a great optimism that international cooperation was key is there another lesson we

can learn today. i think it's not just international cooperation i think it's ensuring that people take the right measure it's very early on when you see right wing extremism when you see the rise of right wing populism and anti semitism xenophobia as we see across europe not just in germany not just the. right wing extremists as we see in the usa indeed which white supremacist you have to take effective action very very quickly early on and you have to make sure that the institutions of the democracy and the capacity for democratic and open debate are sustained that is really trying to present a photo thank you very much for joining us thank you russia is also marking the anniversary of the victory over nazi germany but a day later than the rest of europe on the 9th of may as because when the articles of surrender were assigned late in the evening of may the 8th in berlin it was

already past midnight in moscow the annual parade on red square in moscow has been canceled along with all events across russia did obvious moscow correspondent emily sherwin looks now at how russians are marking the end of what they call the great patriotic war. do you. think i'm. a people's war a sacred before they sing for 70 years now students and alumni from the moscow state institute of music have gotten together on victory day to sing patriotic wartime songs to passers by outside the bolshoi theatre despite has always been an unofficial meeting place for victory day celebrations which play a key part in russia's national identity. one of the singers in the choir is heartbroken that this year the square will

remain empty because of the pandemic the singing teacher has been coming here for victory day since she was a child she says the choir is tradition lets them be part of something bigger seems a lot of people stop to sing with us whether it's families or veterans who can still come to the square that really makes us happy and we also asked people to join in everyone knows these songs as a musician i believe it's impossible to have good times or enjoy bad times in life or that music for me the 9th of may doesn't exist without the music and it's just. all over moscow there are posters commemorating the 75th anniversary of the end of the war known as the great patriotic war here the decision to postpone the victory day parade was one the author already has left till the last moment. thousands of troops were preparing for a bombastic military parade on red square here behind me until just

a month ago and these yellow lines that serve as lanes for tanks or even freshly repainted despite the pandemic some people here the decision to postpone the official celebrations is emotional. my happy they postponed no but they have to but they're so. people will remember anyway by learning more poems with kids are doing crafts. meanwhile maria and the choir aren't letting the pandemic stop them from singing for victory day they're rehearsing online and have recorded the song cuts to post on social media. god. was. over a 1000 kilometers away near the urals their music is helping some members of the

war generation find solace to this old age home is currently in lockdown including for victory day. it's a hugely significant holiday but people won the war and we must remember and celebrate the last one there can be no celebration without music. this choir is keeping the music and the memory going in the hope that next year russians will be able to celebrate offline. the race to find a vaccine against corona virus is continuing to pick up pace in south africa hundreds of health workers are being given a century old vaccine against tuberculosis in a trial to see if it's come protect them against corona virus trials also underway in other possible worlds like the netherlands and australia if proven effective vaccine could be an important weapon in the fight against the virus.

it's just a small puncture but it could make a huge impact on tackling the cove and 19 pandemic that at least is the hope of researches this week began a vaccination trial in cape town. the team around dot to carry an op tone wants to investigate whether the tuberculosis vaccine b.c.g. can reduce the severity of corona virus related symptoms the reason behind it researches have experienced positive so-called nonspecific effects of b c g in the past babies adolescents the elderly there have been a reduction in the number of asperity tract infections in individuals who received a b. c. vaccine versus the ones who do not receive it so that's a very interesting nonspecific effect in order to investigate this further

a minimum of $500.00 health care workers will receive a shot in the coming weeks off will be given the actual vaccine and the other half a placebo through follow up phone calls the researches will determine the health condition of the participants and so the effect of the vaccine the trial is conducted in funded by task a clinical research center based in cape town c.e.o. andrus daya khan says the speed of the results depends on several factors. on this beautiful epidemic for more cases we have to follow through through through the protection and if you also on the number of cases we can include for more people we can include. trunks through. the next big challenge for

the researches is to secure additional funding but andras daikon is optimistic excited to start this trial it's not basically because i expect a certain result. of positive energy in my team and also see a lot of positive energy for health care workers that are going to vaccinate just due to the fact that we're trying to do something that might actually work if it was a lot of people could profit from b c g i dos for 10 people only costs a little mole then $2.00 u.s. dollars well will it work to find out joined by dr sparrow she's associate professor of global health at the icann school of medicine at mount sinai in new york city and a special advisor to the director general of the world health organization dr sparrow how much hope is there that the route via a vaccine is a good way forward i think that the real now. just beginning to

those trials and the enormous confidence receiving a $10000000.00 donation from the berman and gates foundation is it's like that's just the beginning of hope and i feel tremendously excited as i as our colleagues because with the with the endorsement are going to take us with the support of people like gately and now are going to be up to it to actually study the subject which is always being a parent this isn't the vaccine for our oldest of these lives dean is presenting now but it takes a pandemic to actually have to look at it so if we have a vaccine which actually makes our whole and new system and they need it's in smarter crimes us so that it is not going to completely protect us and against these other. diseases but we wouldn't expect it to but what we're trying to scenes will these next scenes offer some protection so that they were distant from

being these lethal terrible scary things in is that more manageable because this is not you know could is not the last pandemic this is not the pandemic of the century this is just probably the pandemic of the decade and what we do next year the year after that when it'll be the next pathogen and so that we can't just we can't afford to have to find a new vaccine every time we have a new pad again. let me interrupt you there what. our research scientists putting their hopes on right. well i mean we see that only we see all these it's going to find the needs trials where there are things like kirkland had ducked the character in for marketing and you know all these plans based on sounds like disappear which we looked at in fall of 2 to just real quick there is a bit in snake oil and you know now what we're doing is having 2 very smart investment into certain an epic that we know because we need to be seeking that thing we get is the mortality in babies in height is going from is up to 50 percent

we know that it works in adolescent in the elderly to reduce mortality from dixons by 70 this and that's amazing so what we. you know what is and wilson of course the things that we used to ready do treat things that now we can't and also because 25 to 10 about cancer caused by viruses so maybe there's you know we can actually get really smart and really focus usually ceilidh we are spending hundreds of millions of dollars or even billions into these trials and if it's to find diagnostics and therapeutics in new ways what if we just have to spend 10000000 from games to find out amazing ways where we can use an old in a jeep in a safe sex scene. that's actually quite interesting the money that you're talking about the united states has decided to pull the that part of funding for the show. vaccines for example how much do you think that hampering the work against the

coronavirus. well still in our very good time is it to put finally finally never a time when we need to have collective action to fight this it's like you can pull funding the debt only. you know you can't even be sure that that's a smart thing to do this month the of course is to fund the debate during this the trials are happening because of the confidence that dr ted doesn't still has in this effect and that's a very important thing to look at right now because what we're thinking about is we're just with this pandemic but if we now can completely miss this investigation the randomized control trials to give us the evidence we could change the world health by changing the vaccine schedule we could do an aging things that are very smart and now you know much smarter than these arguments about kind. of just tonight u.s. president are trying to set the coronavirus will go away without

a vaccine what what what do you say to that. well let me know how that works out you know as it's like that's not going to happen is a bit much more like it becoming demick in ways that you know seasonal losing demick and it will go from being this inner bishes in a highly lethal and very transmissible pathogen into something that is less deadly that as we acquire the norm unity and death and national and global level but it's you know we've lost a chance to contain it so it's not going to be people going around the world from the north and to the southern hemisphere and this is a thing that. you know we have we can how do faith in b.c.g. vaccine because it's a very all that's seen as a race a sex scene and we even when they need that seem to come out we will be faced with the same issues that we are everywhere where. you know how unsure of that and should be passed it had only at last what about me taking these people we have to

do this again every year so you know it is there's no way that me and you question is no way this is created will go away you know it's there that is not how mars has behaved and what we need to do is think about not just this one but the next one and then went on to that and want to do that because this is just there that you know that this to this here is many and we need to get. better interim. charities for thank you very much. and also georgia in the united states where authorities have arrested 2 white men over the killing of a black man running down a suburban street the charges came more than 2 months after the fatal shooting of. outrage swelled after a cell phone video of the incident was released this week. some viewers may find to the last steps of

a mod allbery before he was shot. despite holding this video from early on in georgia took $74.00 days to bring charges against the 2 men who allegedly pursued in their truck then shot him at close range . the charges came on the day or more would have turned 26 years old his accused murderess former police officer gregory mcmichael and his son travis told investigators they believed he was a burglar his mother says the former footballer was exercising. i do believe that a mont was just out for his daily jon. i have to believe that since day one evening doing this for 20 years ha ha ha ha ha ha.

i run with mord demonstrators chanted as they march to the scene of the shooting after the video was leaked online this week state authorities launched a new investigation earlier this week i watched a video depicting mr over his last moments a lot of can tell you it's absolutely horrific and georgians deserve answers my heart goes out to the parents and to the love ones of. the young gentlemen it's a very sad thing the president's democratic rival joe biden went further calling it a murder in cold blood. after a long wait for charges and arrests family will have to wait even longer to see if anyone is convicted. this was the day but remember the conversation continues online you'll find us on twitter i asked d.-w.

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. this is the w. news live from berlin remembering the world war 2 the conflict in europe ended 75 years ago to this day air force jets fly over london other events are scaled back because of the coronavirus prices focus is on women. britain's queen elizabeth the 2nd addresses the nation exactly 3 quarters of a sense.