and japan surrendered. the 2nd. in 45 minutes on d. w. . the global corona crisis you can find more information online chat d w dot com and on t.w. social media channels. you tune into tomorrow today the science show on d w coming up. ocean 80 s what do they mean for our planet's climate and ecosystems. we join researchers to observe these water seas from an airship that can hover over the water for long periods of time.

we also go to indonesia where the chittering river is clogged with plastic waste. these floating barriers are designed to help fish it out but are they really the answer to the pollution problem. and gamest take on ai do human players still have a chance in the context of. our oceans are in constant motion not only due to the toilets but also to currents that carry water around the planet and critically influence the global climate. an important element of the so-called global conveyor belt is the countless small whirlpools that form on the surface of the water. researchers are keen to study them from. and unusual phones which point.

the street ships. and after a. and a 2nd there were that would see arnold clockwork ocean is the most ambitious expedition the book contains the international team of 40 oceanographers have ever undertaken. if they want to explore small ocean that range in diameter from 100 meters to 10 kilometers. scientists have only started to focus on these will to seize in the last 10 years with the help of computer models how do they interact with the major ocean currents how do they influence life in the oceans and the global climate. the clockwork ocean expedition started 3 years ago without the airship the mission

would have been impossible. the research site is in the baltic sea between the islands of bornholm and was a dome from that airborne lab the scientists try to detect small ocean eddies over a 10 day periods. forest and those are the ones we were pretty excited before we got started we've spent many years preparing and there's a great sense of anticipation we really don't know where the vortices are and whether we will even find one in the circle and has a major advantage in that you can actually pocket above the vortex and have it in view the entire time that way we can observe processes that develop in the space of a few minutes in all or intensity will come. to the eddy hunters each day is exciting will they detect something interesting the ash it floats about 300 meters above the water's surface from this height you can barely see the foresees with the naked eye but an infrared camera. detects much more it scans the

surface of the water at $100.00 images per 2nd and measures the water temperature. the data allows the scientists to track the votes of scenes. here in the institute of coastal research in the northern german town of taft the special cameras attested before each mission today the research is a setting up a high performance infrared camera above a water base and to demonstrate its detention. it provides a far higher spatial resolution than comparable satellite images that we can detect very small temperature differences just 0.03 degrees. book up to shake demonstrates using his hand when he holds it above the water the surface warms up slightly the light blue hand on the right side of the infrared image indicates the heat reflection on the water's surface but what is the significance of such minimal

differences in temperature you do it every variation in temperature or salt content causes small differences in density and therefore areas of high and low pressure it works just like in the atmosphere where you get a current going from a high pressure area to a low pressure one that way the seed begins to move. there's also movement in the basin the vortex tools colder water from the deep las upwards as a result the surface of the vortex in the camera image turns dark blue. in the sea the small eddies also seem to bring colder more nutrient rich water towards the surface they stick to and boosts the growth of tiny algae these are not only an important food sil's for a large american species they also produce about half of the oxygen that we breathe . back in settlin. we found of cortex 3 kilometers wide 0.5 degrees difference will be flying there right

away. up it's going to have the 1st sign of bacteria on the water surface. they've got to me for quickly because of what texts like this anything else for about 6 hours the scientists want to take samples from more measurements they're interested in the salt and oxygen content the temperature and the concentration of algae in the well pull. the data is then compared with the information from the yeah is that the in can park above the vortex for hours during one flight the oceanographers were able to record some very special data. while i was getting at all normally you only see the vortex once it's formed but this time it was maybe 20 meters across at the beginning so we could really watch how it grew in the end there were 3 eddies that we then measured very closely it was the 1st time that we could observe

a vortex over its entire lifetime. initial analyses support the research his hypothesis the small voices ceased transport the cold water outwards along with its nutrients and so really do influence the growth of important marine microbiology. wasn't possible we're discovering many other mysterious things that we still cannot explain the fascination with the unknown is what drives you to learn more but still new questions arise and being able to find some answers to them over time is fascinating. book up bash heck hopes to continue that research with the help of the zeppelin with the flying laboratory he's made major contributions to the success of the complex and should mission. an estimated $8000000.00 tons of plastic a year end up in our oceans the equivalent of a truckload every minute. much of this plastic comes from collusive rivers

which wash it into the sea. flowing south of the city the tonto population of over $2000000.00 is one of the longest rivers in java the chitta room. in the early 1980 s. this was a tropical paradise but by 2013 an environmental organization deemed one of the most polluted rivers in the world. waste water is discharged into it along with toxic chemicals from textile factories and vast quantities of mainly plastic garbage. the name of the chooser room her room program is to clean up the river the indonesian government wants its water to be drink a bill by 2025 the military is playing a key role in the initiative. we meet march and cost and here the german entrepreneur has founded

a startup called plastic fisher together with colonel joe doe they're inspecting a prototype of the trash barriers or booms as they call them that will be installed in the river. the sectors are built because of the program to tar him her own initiative to clean up the town that was once called the well to pollute this river and the president himself order to clean up this river with more than 1400 soldiers of the army we work together with them here in this sector to make their work a bit more efficient because they are going with the boat every day in this water to pick up all the trash that is flushed by the rain into the water so our goal is to build solutions from locally available materials to ensure it's cheap it's can be repaired at any time and build quickly and so we came up with the idea to deploy one of these trash rooms here these are physical barriers they are floating there around 60 centimeters steve and will catch all of the waste that is floating on in the 1st 60 centimeters of the water. still the challenge remains enormous the trash

boom prototype is quickly overloaded on any given day there are about 2000 tons of plastic in the cheetah room. what with indonesia's steep population growth and inadequate waste management systems waste from millions of households ends of washed by a tributaries into the cheese a room every day. this is the chick up on river and basically brings all the waste from the city of london into the cheetah in reverse so this is why press officials planning to put in a huge trash from over there around 50 meters long that you can walk on and it will block all the waste that is right now floating into the river. overwhelming is the problem a seam progress is being made in the last 2 years thousands of tons of waste have

been fished out of the river. but the mammoth task of cleaning it up requires the support of local communities and networks. plastic fishers co-founder morris schultz is visiting ram down his mantle in his workshop he's checking in on the construction of a large trash boom that will be installed in the chicken. ramadan belongs to the precious plastic network which is 40000 members around the world all working on projects that tackle plastic waste activists ram down on the plastic fish or entrepreneurs met through the network morgan says pleased with how construction is progressing but 1st the steel wire part will be in the water and reports. on every spot of it's always 2 barrels. of $200.00 it just each and we have to voice your balls $1.00. so you can really create pressure off of it. the barrels are source mainly from textile factories recycling materials from

local businesses that would otherwise be discarded as a cornerstone of the project. crunch time the 1st of 13 large trash booms designed to stop waste from the chick a pond on washing up in the chits a room is ready to be installed to galvanise construction is fitted with a bamboo platform but will it actually float. oh yeah yeah so this will be our solution for a very heavy floating rivers that carry a lot of waste so i think if we prove that it works in there we can put it basically everywhere slippery the trash boom is put into position now it's time for the acid test but not until the start of the rainy season when the barricades will have to contend with stronger currents and tons and tons of garbage but the plastic fish your team is optimistic where there's a will there may be a way to clean up the cheese

a room ok thank you. and me and 9 percent of all plastic ever produced has been recycled. one time that is especially hard to recycle is packaging made of mixed plastics. and that's a shame because packaging constitutes the largest parts of plastic uppish. and what's particularly tragic is that much of it gets thrown away together with unused food. around a 3rd of the food produced worldwide is thrown away that's $1300000000.00 tons each year. if we didn't waste such a huge amount our world would look very different. none of the 900000000 people who don't have enough to eat today would have to go hungry. in fact of all that food weren't lost we'd have enough to feed 12000000000 people. the climate would

benefit to just growing in producing all the food that ends up getting thrown away currently generates $3300000000.00 tons of greenhouse gases per year. that means food waste comes in just behind the world's 2 leading c o 2 emitted as china and the us. by curbing our food wastage we'd also prate leave reduce water shortages across our planet we presently use 250 cubic kilometers of water every year just to produce the food we throw away that's about 4 times as much as the yearly public water supplies in the entire united states saving it would give us about a quarter more water available for irrigation worldwide and we'd need a 3rd less farm land too in fact an area almost the size of russia could be given

over to rain forests and other ecosystems which in turn would protect many thousands of species from becoming extinct. and by wasting less meat we kill fewer animals in germany alone around $230000.00 cattle would be. baird slaughter each year worldwide it would be several 1000000. if we start throwing away food the world could be a better place it's in our hands. if outlet is read why are they bad and even if they. do you have a serious question send it in as a video text always where if we answer it on the show you get a little surprise as a thank you i. can on just ask.

to find us by going to our website d.w. dot com slash science. or drop us a line on twitter and facebook. now body has some amazing abilities to regenerate our skin cells do for example. and ahead keeps on growing no matter how often we cut it. the same goes for our fingernails of the eye in nigeria sent in a question about that. how do our nails grow the answer is continually so keeping them short is a lifelong task. different people do the job in different ways. nails make evolutionary sense even though they don't always look like they do they

protect the ends of our fingers and toes from injury. and they serve as tools. all primates have nails. and use them to grab things or slit them open. or pick. or scratch. but back to the question of how the nails grow let's take a look at their structure. this is the nail plate it consists of a tough horn like substance called keratin and separates from the nail bed at the fingertip. that end of the male is called the distal edge. at the other end of the nail plate is the crescent shaped union and the new all falls within the only merges from under the skin. and the nail fold are part of what's known

as the new your matrix the matrix continually produces new cells that become the new york plate and pushes the rest of the nail toward the just a ledge. this way the nail keeps growing at a rate of around 3 millimeters per month but that's just an average weight studies have shown that the nails of the thumb and the pinky tend to grow less rapidly than the neo of the middle finger. and as we age or if we have certain health conditions male growth overall tends to slow down. the world is becoming ever more digitalized and automated driverless cars are a good example. we asked you on facebook what tasks will ai take over in the future more human still be indispensable for some jobs.

per se says human many only that will be needed less and less due to automation because everyone wants to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of production. servers says he thinks only priests are indispensable. brown by contrast doesn't think humans are dispensable since robots can create themselves. via reminds us that we once thought we'd have flying cars by the year 2000 but we're still waiting for them that the same goes for robots thanks for those candidates. it's true that robots and artificial in. telegin are still far from perfect. and often the capabilities of robots are limited to a particular task but they are getting better and better at those tasks especially

when compared to humans. now let's take a look at how artificial intelligence schools when it comes to gaming. on the 11th of may 997 gary kasparov played a chess match against i.b.m. supercomputer deep. the world chess champion said he was defending the owner of the human race against the rise of artificial intelligence. and then he lost for the 1st time a computer had beaten a human grandmaster under tournament conditions it's washington a new era. come the owner of humanity which has power often gambled on be saved in most areas of computers superior to humans and well they use stefan high to create god does research on ai systems at munich's technical university games help him understand and develop some basic mechanisms.

he can tell us why deeply was able to defeat caspar off more than 20 years ago even though ai was only in its early stages than. it already has on top but when i look at the chessboard i can see everything that's important for this game i can see all the figures i know exactly where they are. theoretically the computer can predict all possible moves in the future to see which ones win and which ones don't this works to a certain extent as long as not too many moves into the future and this direct calculation can be done much better by computers than by humans and a computer but. today artificial intelligence is superior in games that work i'm predicting and evaluating as many moves as possible based on information available to all players so called perfect information in march 26th in the computer program alpha go be one of the world's best go players lisa doll from south korea so much

for humanity's honor in those kinds of games. but what about games like poker that require empathy and psychology as well as mathematical ability. for a long time it was considered impossible for ai to be humans at poker because it differs from games like chess in several respects. and as i put it on the one hand some cards are hidden which means each player only sees their own cards and not what's in the other players and that means there are significantly more options when it comes to the state of play also there are more than 2 players in a 2 player setting what's good for me is bad for you but that's not the case with multiple players were 2 players can team up and put a 3rd under pressure on the 3rd and most important thing is the psychological component it's long been considered impossible for a computer to recognize when a player is bluffing or not left on the left. then in 1900 scientists achieve the

unthinkable. in a long time test the program overcame 5 human opponents in poker. but has a i really managed to imitate and interpret human behavior. yeah touch it also turns out that artificial intelligence doesn't need to recognize whether a human player is bluffing it's enough to simply play such a perfect defensive strategy that you can't be attacked yourself and that suffices to be better even than human professional players that eventually is. in fact in this case a i didn't imitate human behavior but rather did was a computer does best optimally calculating its own chances we humans are still world champions at poker. river.

but it seems it's only a matter of time before algorithms learn patterns of human behavior. are there no games where artificial intelligence is doomed to fail. an international team of researchers believe they found such a game it's called magic the gathering. and this trading card game to play is joule with a selection of cards they've put together in advance. the basic mechanism is simple both players ultimately have to talk each other with creatures all spells until one runs out of lives or until they run out of cards. the special feature cards can change the properties of other cards and also reprogram the rules of the game. there are now over 20000 different magic cards that can influence and change each other. as

a lot of business has recently been proven that this game is turing complete that means teaching a computer to play this game optimally would be tantamount to teaching a computer to program computers in general. computer. researchers were able to show that even in a magic jewel with selected cards and forced me a computer cannot. always calculate the windows programming a solution in advance for all possible combinations of the 20000 different cards it's practically impossible. in order to win against a human ai needs to adapt to new situations that it has not previously been taught it needs to be creative. artificial intelligence is still a long way away from next. thanks to magic the owner of the human race remains intact for a while longer at least. that's it for today join us

again next week for more science stories from around the world. will be finding out how research can contribute to all future as a global society see them. before

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. this is g w news a live from berlin and russia commemorates the soviet victory over nazi germany in world war 2 but this year's victory day celebrations in moscow were scaled down to a bare minimum due to the copan 1910 demick. the air force that did fly overs at the main military parade in red square has been postponed and that was not the case .