symptoms of fear we literally run the risk of being the 1st form of wives to be responsible for our own expection. why only greedy we go in search of answers in a documentary selling. stars may 21st saw on v w. tom . you tune into tomorrow today the science show on g.w. coming up. ocean eddies what do they mean for our planet's climate and ecosystems. we join researchers to observe these or to seize from an airship that can hover over the water for long periods of time. we also go to indonesia where the chittering river is clogged with plastic waste. these floating

barriers are designed to help fish it out but are they really the answer to the pollution problem. and gamest take on a do human players still have a chance in this contest. our oceans are in constant motion not only due to the toilets but also to currents that carry water around the planet and critically influence the global climate. an important element of this so-called global conveyor belt is the countless small whirlpools that form on the surface of the water. researchers are keen to study them from unusual forms which point. 3 ships. an airplane. and

a 7 letter word that would see arnold clockwork ocean is the most ambitious expedition the book bash echoed his international team of 40 oceanographers the ever undertaken. they want to explore small ocean energies that range in diameter from 100 meters. to 10 kilometers. scientists have only started to focus on these will to seize in the last 10 years with the help of computer models how do they interact with the major ocean currents how do they influence life in the oceans and the global climate. the clockwork ocean expedition started 3 years ago without the ash ships the mission would have been impossible. the research site is in the baltic sea between the islands of bornholm and was a dome from that airborne lab the scientists try to detect small ocean eddies over

a 10 day period. forced on those 2 and we were pretty excited before we got started we've spent many years preparing and there's a great sense of anticipation we really don't know where the vortices are and whether we will even find one of the know there's a plane has a major advantage in that you can actually park it above the vortex and have it in view the entire time that way we can observe processes that develop in the space of a few minutes in all or intensity. for the edgy hunters each day is exciting will they detect something interesting the ash it floats about 300 meters above the water's surface from this height you can barely see the foresees with the naked eye but an infrared camera detects much more it scans the surface of the water at $100.00 images per 2nd and measures the water temperature.

the data allows the scientists to track the voter scenes. here in the institute of coastal research in the northern german town of the staff the special cameras attested before each mission today the research is a setting up a high performance infrared camera above a water base and to demonstrate its potential. it provides a far higher spatial resolution than comparable satellite images. we can detect very small temperature differences from just 0.03 degrees. book up demonstrate seizing his hand when he holds it above the water the surface warms up slightly the light blue hand on the right side of the infrared image indicates the heat reflection on the water's surface but what is the significance of such minimal differences in temperature you get every variation in temperature or salt content cause a small differences in density and therefore areas of high and low pressure it works

just like in the atmosphere where you get a current going from a high pressure area to a low pressure one that way the sea begins to move there's also movement in the basin the votaries stools colder water from the deep in lay as upwards as a result the surface of the voter x. in the camera image turns dark place. in the sea the small eddies also seem to bring colder more nutrient rich water towards the surface they stick to beasts the growth of tiny algae these are not only and important food source for a large american species they also produce about huff of the oxygen that we bring. back in that plane. we found of cortex 3 kilometers wide 0.5 degrees difference will be flying there right away. up to go we have the 1st

sign of bacteria on the water surface. they've got to me for quickly because of what techs like this anything else for about 6 hours the scientists want to take samples from all measurements they're interested in the sultan to altitude content the temperature and the concentration of conduit in the well pull. the data is then compared to the information from the zeppelin can pocket above the 4 checks for alice cheering one flight the oceanographers were able to record some very special day so. a lot of eyes again at all normally you only see the vortex once it's formed but this time it was maybe 20 meters across at the beginning so we could really watch how it grew in the end there were 3 eddies that we then measured very closely it was the 1st time that we could observe a vortex over its entire lifetime. initial analyses support the research his

hypothesis the small voices seize transport the cold water outwards along with its nutrients and so really do influence the growth of important marine microbiology. wasn't possible we're discovering many other mysterious things that we still cannot explain the fascination with the unknown is what drives you to learn more but still new questions arise and being able to find some answers to them over time is fascinating. book up bash eck hopes to continue the research with the help of the zeppelin with the flying laboratory he's made major contributions to the success of the clockwork and should mission. ocean currents also transport plastic waste all around the globe even depositing it deep on the seabed . an estimated $8000000.00 tons of plastic a year end up in our oceans the equivalent of a truckload every minute. much of this plastic comes from polluted rivers

which washed it into the sea. flowing south of the city the tonto population of over $2000000.00 is one of the longest rivers in java the chitta room. in the early 1980 s. this was a tropical paradise but by 2013 an environmental organization deemed one of the most polluted rivers in the world. the waste water is discharged into it along with toxic chemicals from textile factories and vast quantities of mainly plastic garbage. the name of the chooser room her room program is to clean up the river the indonesian government wants its water to be drink a bill by 2025 the military is playing a key role in the initiative. we meet march cost unhitch

the german entrepreneurs founded a startup called plastic fisher together with colonel joe doe they're inspecting a prototype of the trash barriers or booms as they call them that will be installed in the river. the sectors are built because of the program. initiative to clean up the town that was once called the wells plutus river and the president himself ordered to clean up this river with more than $1400.00 soldiers of the army we work together with them here in this sector to make their work a bit more efficient because they are going with the boat every day in this water to pick up all the trash that is flushed by the rain into the water so our goal is to build solutions from locally available materials to ensure it's cheap it's can be repaired at any time and build quickly and so we came up with the idea to deploy one of these trash bins here these are physical barriers they are floating there around 60 centimeters steve and will catch all of the waste that is floating on in

the 1st 60 centimeters of the water i felt still the challenge remains enormous the trash boom prototype is quickly overloaded on any given day there are about 2000 tonnes of plastic in that used to room. with indonesia's steep population growth an inadequate waste management systems waste from millions of households ends of washed by a tributaries into the cheese a room every day. this is the new river and basically brings all the waste from the city of london into the cheetah in reverse so this is why officials plan to put in a huge trash from over there around 50 meters long that you can walk on and it will block all the ways that is right now floating into the river. overwhelming is the problem a seam progress is being made in the last 2 years thousands of tons of waste have

been fished out of the river. but the mammoth task of cleaning it up requires the support of local communities and networks. plastic fishers co-founder march is visiting ram down his mantle in his workshop he's checking in on the construction of a large trash boom that will be installed in the chicken. ramadan belongs to the precious plastic network which is 40000 members around the world all working on projects that tackle plastic waste activists ram down on the plastic fish or entrepreneurs met through the network morgan says pleased with how construction is progressing but 1st the steel wire will be in the water and reports. on every spot it is always 2 barrels. of $200.00 to just each and we have to voice your balls true. so you can really create pressure off of it.

barrels are source mainly from textile factories recycling materials from local businesses that would otherwise be discarded as a cornerstone of the project. crunch time the 1st of 13 large trash booms designed to stop waste from the chick a pond on washing up in the chits a room is ready to be installed to galvanise construction is fitted with a bamboo platform but will it actually float. oh yeah. so this will be our solution for a very heavy floating rivers that carry a lot of waste so i think if we prove that it works in there we can put it basically everywhere slippery the trash boom is put into position now it's time for the acid test but not until the start of the rainy season when the barricades will have to contend with stronger currents and tons and tons of garbage but the plastic fish or team is optimistic where there's a will there may be

a way to clean up the chooser room ok thank you. and me and 9 percent of all plastic ever produced has been recycled. time that is especially hard to recycle is packaging made of mixed plastics. and that's a shame because packaging constitutes the largest parts of plastic uppish. and what's particularly tragic is that much of it gets thrown away together with unused food and. around a 3rd of the food produced worldwide is thrown away that's $1300000000.00 tons each year. if we didn't waste such a huge amount our world would look very different. none of the 900000000 people who don't have enough to eat today would have to go hungry. in fact of all that food

weren't lost we'd have enough to feed 12000000000 people. the climate would benefit to just growing and producing all the food that ends up getting thrown away currently generates $3300000000.00 tons of greenhouse gases per year. that means food waste comes in just behind the world's 2 leading c o 2 admit hers china and the u.s. . by curbing our food wastage we'd also greatly reduce water shortages across our planet we presently use 250 fewer kilometers of water every year just to produce the food we throw away that's about 4 times as much as the yearly public water supplies in the entire united states saving it would give us about a quarter more water available for irrigation worldwide and we'd need a 3rd less farmland to in fact an area almost the size of russia could be given

over to rain forests and other ecosystems which in turn would protect many thousands of species from becoming extinct. quickly and by wasting less meat we kill fewer animals in germany alone around $230000.00 cattle would be so. baird slaughter each year worldwide it would be several 1000000 . if we start throwing away food the world could be a better place it's in our hands. if outlet is read why are they bad on the videotape. do you have a science question send it in as a video text always where if we answer it on the show you'll get a little surprise as

a thank you. come on just us. to find us by going to our website e.w. dot com slash science. or drop us a line on twitter and facebook. now body has some amazing abilities to regenerate our skin cells do for example. and our head have some growing no matter how often we cut it. the same goes for our fingernails a villa in nigeria sent in a question about that. how do our nails grow the answer is continually so keeping them short is a lifelong task. different people do the job in different ways. nails make evolutionary sense even though they don't always look like they do they

protect the ends of our fingers and toes from injury. and they serve as tools. all primates have nails. and use them to grab things or slit them open. or pick. or scratch. but back to the question of how the nails grow let's take a look at their structure. this is the nail plate it consists of a tough horn like substance called keratin and separates from the nail bed at the fingertips that end of the male is called the distal edge. at the other end of the nail plate is the crescent shaped loon euro and the new all falls with a nail emerges from under the skin. and then they all fold are part of what's

known as the nail me tricks the matrix continually produces new cells that become the new york plate and pushes the rest of the nail toward the distal ledge. this way the nail keeps growing at a rate of around 3 millimeters per month but that's just an average weight studies have shown that the nails of the thumb and the pinky tend to grow less rapidly than the neo of the middle finger. and as we age or if we have certain health conditions male growth overall tends to slow down. the whole world is becoming ever more digitalized and automated driverless cars are a good example. we asked you on facebook what tasks will ai take over in the future more human still be indispensable for some terms.

per se says human manual labor will be needed less and less due to automation because everyone wants to reduce costs and increase the efficiency of production. servers says he thinks only priests are indispensable. brown by contrast doesn't think humans are dispensable since robots can create themselves. the reminds us that we once thought we'd have flying cars by the year 2000 but we're still waiting for them at the same goes for robots thanks for those comments. it's true that robots and artificial and. teligent are still far from perfect. and often the capabilities of robots are limited to a particular task but they are getting better and better at those tasks especially

when compared to humans. now let's take a look at how artificial intelligence schools when it comes to gaming. on the 11th of may $997.00 gary kasparov played a chess match against i.b.m. supercomputer deep blue the world chess champion said he was defending the owner of the human rights against the rise of artificial intelligence. and then he lost for the 1st time a computer had beaten a human grandmaster under tournament conditions it's washington a new era. come the owner of humanity which has power often gambled on be saved in what areas are computers superior to humans and well lately. stefan hyde a current guy does research on ai systems at munich's technical university games help him understand and develop some basic mechanisms. he can tell us why deep

blue was able to defeat caspar off more than 20 years ago even though ai was only in its early stages than. most when it was up but when i look at the chessboard i can see everything that's important for this game i can see all the figures i know exactly where they are. theoretically the computer can predict all possible moves in the future to see which ones win and which ones don't this works to a certain extent as long as not too many moves into the future and this direct calculation can be done much better by computers than by humans and a computer besought him. today artificial intelligence is superior in games that work on predicting and evaluating as many moves as possible based on information available to all players so called perfect information in march 26th in the computer program alpha go beat one of the world's best go players lisa doll from

south korea so much for humanity's owner in those kinds of games. but what about games like poker that require empathy and psychology as well as mathematical ability. for a long time it was considered impossible for ai to beat humans at poker because it differs from games like chess in several respects. and as i put it on the one hand some cards are hidden which means each player only sees their own cards and not what's in the other players and that means there are significantly more options when it comes to the state of play also there are more than 2 players in a 2 player setting what's good for me is bad for you but that's not the case with multiple players were 2 players can team up and put a 3rd under pressure on the 3rd and most important thing is the psychological component it's long been considered impossible for a computer to recognize when

a player is bluffing or not. done in 2019 scientists achieve the unthinkable. in a long time test the program overcame 5 human opponents in poker. but has a i really managed to imitate and interpret human behavior. yet touch it also turns out that artificial intelligence doesn't need to recognize whether a human player is bluffing it's enough to simply play such a perfect defensive strategy that you can't be attacked yourself and that suffices to be better even than human professional players that eventually is. in fact in this case a i didn't imitate human behavior but rather did was a computer does best optimally calculating its own chances we humans are still the world champions at poker. everything i've done.

but it seems it's only a matter of time before algorithms learn patterns of human behavior. are there no games where artificial intelligence is doomed to fail. an international team of researchers believe they found such a game it's called magic the gathering. and this trading card game to play is joule with a selection of cards they've put together in advance. the basic mechanism is simple both players ultimately attack each other with creatures all spells until one runs out of lives or until they run out of cards. the special feature cards can change the properties of other cards and also reprogram the rules of the game. there are now over 20000 different magic cards that can influence and change each other. as more difficult business has recently been

proven that this game is turing complete that means teaching a computer to play this game optimally would be tantamount to teaching a computer to program computers in general. computer. researchers were able to show that even in a magic jewel with selected cards and forced me a computer cannot always calculate who wins programming a solution in advance for all possible combinations at the 20000 different cards is practically impossible. in order to win against a human ai needs to adapt to new situations that it has not previously been taught in needs to be creative. artificial intelligence is still a long way away from that's. thanks to magic the owner of the human race remains intact for a while longer at least. that's it for today join us

again next week for more science stories from around the world. will be finding out how research can contribute to all future as a global society see then. how

the virus spread. why do we have it and when we'll all. just through the topic from cover and a weekly radio show is called spectrum if you like and you. commission on the crown of maurice or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us at dot com slash

science. this state of emergency is the new normal. people around the world are documenting this traumatic times. they're keeping a corona diary. and welcoming us into the odyssey out. there let us get as up close and personal as the pandemic will allow. diaries starts my 18th on t.w. . enjoy reading what do they dream of at night eating. as cleaners they see the face of horror. their job censoring for the social media industry. in manila there are thousands of so-called content monitors day for day they scream

terrifying images from online platforms. up 220000 times a day. or is it jobs for starvation wage. the strain is enormous. the cleaners or sworn to secrecy they are not allowed to talk about their work. and no one asks how they are doing. and when. i need to stop there's something wrong. do social networks have any social responsibility at all. to the cleaners social media's shadow industry starts to names on g.w. .

body about. the by a an observer. this is the that the new supply from across europe nations grapple easing coronavirus restrictions in france commuters at one train station in the capital received mosques as they get to work for the 1st time in nearly 8 weeks most shops and businesses are reopening but many of the stations remain in place. but then they made a return to tree trunk traditional gender roles excuse me with men taking on the lion's share of housework and phones women in the cats.