istanbul and ankara will be put back under lockdown again during the upcoming holiday weekend and the country's elderly population while it is still subject to curfews. this is due to be news live from berlin i'm brian thomas for the entire news team thanks so much for joining us to. inform. language courses. video and audio. any time any. w.b.'s.

stuttgart imprisoned $975.00 the leaders of the red army faction terrorist group were on trial. and put says my generation was on trial today and it could go good to where they revolutionaries kilis the trial divided the country list should be short oath of luke disease debate pushed on to and there are only 2 colors black and white yes watson does why is there were confrontations in the courtroom as well . made me also made now for the if not make me happy i'll change often not only me good deeds i'll sleep for it wasn't easy for the judges she fits germany was in turmoil how could justice be served in the shadow of terrorism. i

mean it was impressive i was completely worn out. the defendants were sentenced to life in prison and day one the only ones. literally prison in 1984 a few weeks before the start of the trial r.a.f. memba horgan mines had been on a hunger strike for 2 months he wanted to be moved to the same prison as the other members of the group he called his lawyers. if we're still meeting him 3 was already so weak and he may see a tail that i have to put my ear close to his mouth to understand with my back he said please make sure that they move me to shun time as soon as possible with each . country it was right before the weekend by the high tide of 40 important and.

minds as lawyers notified judge to order or printing who was presiding over the aria after aisle prince in cold the prison in victory. kind of a to say the 4 that's no one told me that he was on his death bed but he was still walking around no doctor was attending him and he wasn't considered at risk that these are all finished i spent all day here. that same night november the 9th the lawyers and relatives of the aria of prisoners held a solidarity event. they wanted the inmates strict prison conditions to be relaxed. the judges don't gabriella printing also attended it was a thought and i sympathized with the red army faction at the time as well and they had the courage to go beyond philosophy and debate but they took action. to

a key on. the gathering was interrupted by some back tears by other minds has died . yeah you. just remove the situation became tense right away and he saw a few days he could feel here i wish that everyone stood up. on top it was and i was shaken because i knew that when they said murderer they meant my father and warriors we decided right away to go to the judge's home and protest against or on painting on porter's theone. print sings address was listed in stuart god's telephone directory his daughter called to warn him. that wouldn't in stunned silence they stood down there and called out murder there were 200 or 300 people at the house we had 2 police officers armed

with submachine guns ready to fire good afternoon the demonstrators left but that was only the beginning. here toward for the death of hologram mines also stepped up the pressure on the court system put your gig and on the judge can sing for the same amp and the aria have set its sights on the judge. to guess what is going out this way up there can scan and never forget those events on the one hand i feared for my father's life and i didn't want anything to happen to him. but i could also understand the outrage over the death of hunger months. and clara organize shall see while she was on the far left politically like most students of the time. i was like the state of.

this generation had been shaped by the german student movement of 968 and they wanted change students do. strake it against the state the author of his and germany's nazi past. we wanted to change things we didn't want to see fascism or nazi isn't ever again that was the main thing i loath and. the street battles of 968 had a profound impact on an entire generation of young people some sort of violence as the only real way to achieve change. that included whole governments a student at the time minds joined an underground group called the red army faction . it's founders of dreyer's bada goodwin enslin planned to use terrorist attacks to create the foundation for an anti imperialist revolution journalist or wicca mindful of also joined the group in 1992 the already have carried out

a series of deadly bombings including some aimed at u.s. troops in west germany it was a protest against the war in vietnam but i often find it was widely known that the u.s. forces stationed here played an important role in the criminal war in vietnam worth . going in vietnam 4 people were killed and 50 others were wounded in the attacks many who had sympathized with bob and my hope were horrified by the increase in violence but the antiwar protests brought together they are a half and leftist groups in west germany. vite in some people including intellectuals artists students university students and staff felt a certain affinity with the r.a.f. have truth and. in june 1972 police counted

3 key arre of members at a warehouse in frankfurt or the mines young girl gaspar and underway as bada. boom and slain and when we combined who were arrested soon afterwards. the talks and there was a major contradiction with the r.a.f. and their trial and all that this is they have the most impact and post the greatest threat and one still leaders have been put behind bars into schwarzenegger path once and. the r.a.f. defendants was sent to shut down home prison and stock got a special court facility was built on the prison grounds at a cost of $12000000.00 monks it was a unique. element in west german history the judge hearing the case was an experienced legal scholar and the form of a mark left. for the ins in not

this case will follow strict legal procedures we will ensure that the rights of the accused are guaranteed to get it out of afghanistan and the court will not allow those rights to be abused by either side when i know that i misspoke if you i'm good at 1st we lawyers had a normal and informal relationship with the judge for comfort of fairness when they wish to shout that you're hopeful that is i had hoped that given my courtroom experience i would at least be able to impose a sense of order on the proceedings at wrigley his knee or shafiq and defiance of civil. in late 1974 the area of prisoners were transferred to stamp on the trial against enslin rosberg baader meinhof and mines was to start there in a few weeks the charges against them included 4 counts of murder the group that

already claimed responsibility for the killings the defendants faced life in prison and they decided to use hunger strikes to protest the strict prison conditions that the author of his and imposed on them. yes that is now from him it was the 1st time since 1905 that prisoners had used their own bodies as a weapon it was a huge step because it could end in their deaths as it did with hunger months that all the money. minds his death was a disaster for the justice system the author orators were now in the dock and the red army faction had its 1st motta. oh yeah the fight continues. there were accusations that mines lawyers were deliberately complicit in his death and that they were simply trying to stir things up before the trial started. for the aryans lawyers particularly close quote this was much more than just another

trial question. i had always had a strong social conscience. but over time of course his support for groups like the r.a.f. got him into troubles me nearly up to taught. in december 974 course some arranged for french philosopher john paul sounds good to visit andreas bought in chum hi i'm. the mines and there was some opposition among the other judges but it was my decision alone and i was comfortable with it and i wanted people to see that we weren't trying to isolate the defendants from the public. side to a mistakenly believe that the spot and visitors room was actually bought to sell there was a huge controversy and santa raised claims of psychological torture. the neon light is on all the time they only switch it off at 11 pm for him and not at

all for the other inmates. afterwards already have sympathizers formed anti torture groups to support the prisoners some even demanded the liberation. is open 2nd r.a.f. generation was recruited mostly from these groups the fight a common case. stucco april 9756 2nd generation r e f members known as the hold the mines command to costa ges in the german embassy they demanded the release of the sham home prisoners to embassy employees were killed that night explosives that the hostage takers had brought with them blew up wounding all of the attackers the heim prisoners found out about the incident despite strict security measures when the news broke that the siege had ended a crowd gathered outside the prison. always let's an out and hang on.

i agree of the who cares letter now and shoot him. an eye for an eye. lynch law instead of a fair trial as long as they are enough leaders were in prison the terrorist attacks would continue to shut me they didn't come things down a toll on the contrary it made the situation even worse discount tickets that must fail by qatar the trial started on may the 21st $975.00. of armstrong are these now a lot of foreign journalists with their reporters from a number of countries came to shoot down jaime the mood was tense there were police on horseback in armored vehicles and in a helicopter. it was the biggest terrorist trial in west german history some of the spectators supported they are af. meaningful to i'm here for the trial because of bada the whole red army faction and the goals that they're pursuing to. dissuade

initial. a 16 year old student from stuttgart was also that under his file was a member of a christian democrat youth group you know me as a city official told me that if the government had a file on me i shouldn't go and i wanted to get ahead in my career. and get on here in your throat is kept a particularly close eye on the sympathizers. many school and university students and teachers was suspected of supporting the r.f. . there was a lot of suspicion on both sides. many of the sympathizers believed the state could not guarantee a free trial. and there was another hunger strike. when the defendants appeared in court for the 1st time they seem to be in poor health. and their weight is

a concern getting ready for and i think he weighs around 48 kilograms. and saying 42 well over my no 40 and a half and bought a waist 50 kilos of it is kill them that's unsafe the defendants had such a high public profile that bother could say if we go on a hunger strike the entire country pays attention in yahoo or for. the cancer public. the judges daughter gabriella joined a solidarity committee. move on and we did things like that all the time if it involved the r.a.f. i was in now. bunch of the defendants were ruled unfit to stand trial the trial could be suspended judged prince ing suspected that this was the reason behind the hunger strike your sins in despair helped when other defendants whites accurate titans how did this happen to you from a medical perspective is it possible that the defendants are intentionally losing

weight and inventing me tell me give me shit up nominates to buy fuel in. about a fantasy series making for didn't just happen to. put laws were no on the books that allowed trials to take place without the defendants being present that was no coincidence. she's pretty sure i have the courage to say what so it's been 40 years now since his so i can speak openly and state. but obviously i think the court knew that the defendants would continue the hunger strike to the point where they no longer be fit to stand trial it came. out boy kept on taught by so there would have been no point to even start the trial . what kind seen hobby as not meeting one for very high school was tainted

if i had known that and not some judges were pushing for this change in the law here and i give them because that's given tough on death and so it would have been another reason for me to suspect bias by the court and ubisoft mistake of one type of using the new law was apparently initiated in part by the court itself also limited the rights of the defense lawyers the court accused hams christian of supporting the r.f. and took him off the defense team close quote some in court good of all to also removed definitely not prompted a lot of criticism from other countries you know political trial the defense lawyers are often taken off the case now happens everywhere. the r.f. lawyers were outraged. if the tide you know the defense team has been gutted 3 of them funded and lawyers have been removed just before the start of the trial

or did there is no defense team anymore kind of a man. who don't enslin lawyer took a combative stance. that made me just made now for the it's not like make you have any other change that the me beauty also made me i didn't want to shine you can put in the good hours a day like inviting. not enough for you to name i to make sure it's not it doesn't take the arteries are they should i believe you know it's been a bit in portis out every morning when we walked into court we experienced a wave of aggression and hostility or. even hatred has. barred or these colleagues used the trial as a political platform. they were very confident they were articulate and eloquent and made it quite clear that they had no intention of participating in

our regular trial of this iraq they wanted to politicize it from the very start and the board and put this plan phone on put it in. the 1st top tier. and on and on for. getting a funny. thing through compressed the island. in the fifty's about adults who were tireless in yet another spot. this will be seen in children making standing. they spoke out against the vietnam war you could say that they did so improperly but they have a right to speak and that's the nature of a trial like this is he's an ans so what's this is nothing to contemplate of course you could understand why play and sing and buck and the other judges were upset that defendants lashed out at insulted them but if one told judge cleansing to shut up you would be p.t.s.

and i don't know what fights me to give i'd actually feel privileged just it definitely wasn't easy for the judges but i wasn't on their side i was on the other side of town and sat. at press conferences the lawyers focused on the defendants political philosophy that's given each time the court has rejected an investigation into the extent to which the west germany government was involved in the criminal us war of aggression against vietnam in vietnam figures around the goal was to use the trial to attack the justice system he'll until your state's the insult that's how to phenomena but i think it's nonsense to claim that anyone was to be humiliated or made a victim the balance of power was quite different back then to fair for us and if god is god we can't. and that you know may be i don't know my. family are better than mine is he been the one who had come and he's

a tease if you listen to the tapes you'll see that it wasn't the defendants who were aggressive toward the judges. it was the lawyers. and didn't want to take to shaft the defense lawyers stalled the trial by constantly raising accusations that judge brinn singh was biased there were divisions between arre of supporters and opponents and not just in the courtroom. in the us you know tightening our student newspaper covered the trial so the school officials banned it then we sold it in front of the school we painted a red line on the ground and said this is where germany's democracy ends the afoul on this part of the c.s.s. there was so much polarization and hostility back then extreme i take it he said president the trial outraged many average citizens. have they need

tougher jail conditions and worse food me me me. they haven't eaten in weeks. they're too lazy to sleep it's too much for them to listen let me the 3rd wife is gone. i hope it'll come back. i don't know. if i mean until i have folders full of mail that include slanderous remarks and death threats but instead say things like how can you do friends murder as why not. good for me i'm going to have the worst case was when someone sent me a bullet and a letter not said this is a death sentence and made me stand tortoise or tyrant theater director klaus palmer was also accused of being an r.a. of sympathiser crime and had supported off from raising efforts so that goodwin enslin could have some dental work done and tell me to look at the in thing i came

back from holiday and saw myself on the cover of the village newspaper that this man funds the underground much big time under nates 10000 marks i broke out in a cold sweat the article generated a negative response to say the least. and 14 in the chain someone should smash your teeth and you jerk have you no sense of decency you swine. and in your scum bag you'll be next like you should be gassed. preferably with chlorine or fostering best maclure up with a fuss again. the authorities knew that as long as the army of leaders remained in jail there would likely be more terrorist attacks police stepped up the search for possible accomplices deportee theri hoped to buy fuel in a some violent where i live now police shot and killed a man from scotland because they thought he was linked to the a.f.p.

the home i meet our bottom line of it was terrible. fooled by. the public pressure brought the defendants and the lawyers closer together under arrest bonded demanded that the attorneys adopt the r.e. of scientology and recruit new supporters house correspondent. is that it's bizarre and unfortunately germany's factious tradition continues as before that would be wouldn't it oftenest the chords and the defense lawyers battle to win public opinion in the 1970 s. germany's nazi past was still a major discussion topic and it came up at the trial. we see here there were groups of agitators who it was incredible the defendants and their lawyers contributed a lot to that during the trial and it is a tactic and spatially by guitar escaped there is

a notion among leftist groups and the r.a.f. which is part of the left that they are dealing with a fascist system here in west germany. that's money as mitt and it's run by former perpetrators it's a tonight in in mali. now before the sock hop a defense lawyer claimed that one of the judges had a nazi background and said this was a scandal. is the symbolic quote going on and does hell front load and make america to hire. knocked up wincing into supporting korea or. it was clear to us that the judicial systems was full of people who had participated in the nazi regime. and let you saw more and more of them as you went up the chain of command. ficca follow it and you shall better not.

but the claims were unfounded todo a princeling was never a nazi judge in fact prince in convicted several defendants on charges of war crimes including those involved in the massacre of a number of polish academics and their families in the evolve in 1941. so putzing actually worked to bring former nazis to justice. and if i wasn't aware of his previous rulings. back in the 1st year of the trial alone the lawyers filed $45.00 complaints of bias against judge brinn singh others criticised him too as well the only focus was always on him. the criticism was quite severe at times. every day from all sides risk up cole and at the time no other judge attracted so much

negative media attention these constant attacks on the competence of the judges certainly complicated the situation at the trial august a bit further to the automata have him put his hands ecosystems not so i'm posing should be vastly playing and i was there for you didn't they that have exabyte i'm positive spirit takes stably all good if you've got the saudis that i'm back on vi person spear me take start yelling self that was a vendetta vital indecent tone of 80 poser i'm leading you for that you know the defense attorneys filed a motion. and then said that their client wanted to confirm this motion personally of help to get out of michigan but you never appeared in court. instead the lawyers criticized german society and outlined their revolutionary philosophy yeah i was i'm very high as lawyers it was our job to defend our clients and

their rights. d.m. attached to that if they wanted to say something but couldn't because then it was up to us to do it. gov cover story says it. should work and surely felt that they had to do more than just follow that client's orders. and other defense lawyers who identified with the r.a.f. secretly smuggled messages various kinds of equipment and even weapons into the present. the scope of the problem was that there was some defense lawyers who had actually joined the red army faction. f.x. mickey darkish personnel but he did more helped ira f. member billy get to moon how one said the quest solo of firsts in stuttgart with cross milla valor and don is the official home of the red army faction.

he didn't have. money hold for enslin lead they already have even while they were in prison. they kept in touch through smuggled messages and by korea and some lawyers set up a messaging system that the r.t.f. itself late to used. because it was not used as it was intended for the year the info system was quite harmless tom it was meant to be used by the defense team and by a client 15 on the m gibsons they were facing long prison sentences if ya for the. later the author of this relaxed some of the prisoners jail conditions. in them can see the entire 7th floor belongs to them and they're allowed to be together on the doors are open

during the day you know they'll have a t.v. and all sorts of convenient. found say on they have a lot of outside support so they're allowed to raid with no bar order. and he thought to what can we show all that you know. and on the 3rd of the bomb this guy up and demand some is impressive solution now if sympathy r.a.f. sympathizers and the state both wanted to portray this prison as really tough maybe even extreme rubio as the sympathizers wanted to show that the state was definitely proto fascist if not already fascist many so got under state government wanted to make it clear that the prison was definitely not a hotel you fascinate me sometimes when under the sky we're here for it's all the trial turned the aria off into a political force and the defendants reminded the court of this at every turn for all minority whomping making i see choice on benghazi not every week see its laws

and other news that and i've got my eyes on the i guess i'm mostly young to see gaps de luxe lead believe that you don't talk to class enemies like representatives of the judicial system you shoot them he's. the r.a.f. combat reserves consisted of around a 100 hardcore supporters. to yodel producing was now one of the group's top targets. people which i hope she's got a decade and the police gave us code words to use if we were kidnapped to prove our identity and walk north of the hill for a suitcase or cripple so as a say in this life we can fit into a specific group had planned and south a nation. his car was to be blown up with him and.

they'd already planned the route and the day and intact. but the attack on pushing saying never took place a remote to detonate a failed the army have tried once before to kill a judge in 1972 votes going blood and bag only just avoided being assassinated his wife was badly wounded they are of trial dominated judge brinn singh's private life. rounds palin actually fought all the time we argued and debated and perhaps i used the r f to get a rise out of my father once in a while. to. hime prisoners and their sympathizers shared the same set of rules.

discovered more pointed a fighter says when you were either friend or foe if you deviated from the political line or if you had questions or doubts you were out as they threatened you to be and then they tossed you out listening to straighten up history. murder and ensuing put pressure on only comite of who was psychologically unstable. during the trial might of seemed to make a cry for help. me cannot use would not have a function in used youth to have been through a candy i'm going to i'm going on the things board that's as unfair and. in the me he kind of has another thought shawn. absolute he'll give up on this one over is his man says all my gods from up in arms and our judges and i'm the pantheist lightest touch down listeners pushed on i didn't understand that word at the time the defendant said a lot that you couldn't understand when you were stunned that i saw

a moment of went out on the stroke of the concrete wall with a hand that. i almost felt like crying that 1st line. of mine over hanged herself in her so i'm a the 9th 1976. the r.a.f. now had a 2nd maga after the whole of the months i said to tell i had lunch with my father and i was really upset about my half before my attitude was like how could you couldn't. already have supporters were convinced that my hope was murdered but the trial continued without interruption my host name was simply removed from the list of defend. going out on porch discovering new laws then the defendants demanded a break in the trial because they posted the columns so that they could properly grieve for mine whorf but we knew from material taken from their jail cells that

her colleagues put such pressure on her that she was driven into this unfortunate situation and can get the ng to organised in iran so he can mislead his into out on some people believe that they are of lead martyrs like mind of and that the state had no intention of conducting your fair trial they thought that the government's goal was to destroy the r.f. . they are tied by i was torn between the 2 sides i could see things from the judge's point of view even though i identified more with the defendants sometimes i switched sides from one moment to the next it was a complete madhouse. has been hit and the courtroom proceedings also took a toll on judge prince ings nerves he hadn't expected a trial like this. i don't think he was quite up to the challenge you couldn't impose

a workable structure it was difficult with those the fandoms and their attorneys and still a judge has to impose some structure on a drug that's most monday for me and i was most likely about cleansing allowed himself get bogged down in the petty details and he can disclose who on angelus princie made mistakes and in january 977 he even considered quitting the trial this in colleagues i discussed it with a colleague the aggravation just wasn't worth it the atmosphere was oppressive i realize that the trial had taken a lot out of me. but before he could jump the defense lawyers pushed him. then from the judge to your doctrine saying quit the trial on january 20th 977 after the fans attorneys felt their 85th complained of bias against him. i felt sorry for him but i also said thank god that's over with and by.

princelings deputy aber hot food took his place. her behind told him that he often tried to see the good side of little and that was a mistake scoot image and he thought he could discuss things rationally with annie and i'm full nymph to you but he couldn't do that but some of the people in that courtroom later acquitted him so i'll do it to him it didn't convert to sneak. and he's funny and he let the defendant speak but made it clear that he was not going to engage in extensive political debates. i think that led to a certain objectification of the trial if you can call them that in mid march 977 there was a new development to authorities had violated the rules of attorney client privilege. dumbass ations between the bottom line of group and their lawyers were

recorded as soon as that information became public the trial was adjourned at the request of the defense team and its ok on phone tucked in the ear in a state that values the rule of law all the integrity of defense counsel is essential this is sec religious it's criminal this trial is essentially hopeless to see if he needs to move i thought it couldn't be done i seriously thought about giving up the bikini he twice and so. on april the 7th 1977 nori of gunman shot and killed germany's attorney general 6 we'd. be attacked took place as bluebox car was stopped at a traffic lodging calls work driver was also killed the passenger later died of his moves the murders pushed the wiretapping case off the front pages of the trial resume the verdict was announced on april the 28th money had to be you could have heard a pin drop in the courtroom as the presiding judge spoke the defendants have been

found guilty on $4.00 counts of murder numerous attempted murder bombing attacks and forming a criminal organization of the court sentences all 3 of you to life in prison and finding all your research money so we discussed the verdict and decided that it was correct we're going man currently here that i can and then the only class and the person who is not a legal expert could look at this case and accept the good but if you are a legal expert. you're familiar with the trial you realize that it was a disgrace and shanika vs. the trial was complicated there was the wiretapping controversy and the defendants and the lawyers kept making political speeches. but boy they are giving the verdict was intended to serve justice and restore a certain level of come to society the executive leni they are used to of but the

verdict had the opposite effect the remaining members of the are abstract up that campaign of domestic terrorism in september 977 they kidnapped house martin shreyas a business executive and industry representative and demanded the release of the sham i'm presidents. you know toba the palestinian group hijacked a lot of times a passenger jet took $86.00 passengers hostage and also demanded the prisoners release. a west german federal police unit rescued the hostages on october the 8th changed body and skin and rasper were found dead in the prison cells. the defendant's lawyers had appealed the court's verdict so technically speaking the ruling was never implemented. that is the supremes irony of this case which caused such deep divisions in west german society.

is a constant of tylenol interested in fire back then there was sharply defined concepts of right and wrong good and bad true and false and black and white does. that's only in the late 1990 s. did people start asking questions quantum is coming and it annoyance k.-r. and when is why did people are more careful today we've learned that the legal system alone can't fight terrorism. it also needs to be addressed politically as poorly to do you know there must be a very deliberate strategy of deescalation the escalades one study of the arias trial had a profound effect on judge brinn singh has had me take that has caused a great deal of stress in my life. even 10 years later he was still having a lot of trouble with and

a fish like yourself i don't think he ever talk to anyone about it not even my mother. he worked through it on his own meticulous. gabriella wincing never actively supported the r.f. but for some time after the trial sure remained captivated by the organization abbott's ideology. still might if i spent 15 years dealing with that sort of garbage having made it so much i felt like it. and i'm often ashamed of that. i should have come to the conclusion much earlier than out of fear that although these people were human beings and had a radical and idealistic philosophy. they were still killers and a feeling i mean it's kind of that should have been the bottom line for me. in

april 9098 more than 20 years after the stomach i'm verdict the road army faction formally announced that it had dissolved itself. no india looks for signs of nature in the mega city of delhi obviously there's plenty of pollution and little concern middle consciousness. but n.g.o.s delhi greens wants to change that. it aims to raise awareness put small eco friendly projects. will its efforts to bear fruit.

30 minutes on t.w. . has a virus spread. why do we panic and when will all this. just 3 of the topics covered in the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you like and information on the clone of virus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast and also find us at. slash science. raises some. cities will sink into the sea. entire stretches of land will be abandoned. in the water to destroy some. massive waters are supposed to prevent flooding but they only delay the inevitable. in the

future 66 meters from rising sea levels starts june 5th on t w. news wire from berlin germany to relax controls this weekend that means germans can think further afield when planning for summer holidays but how will countries mix with the continued coronavirus. also coming up a warning from the white house's top expert on the corona virus and she says the u.s. could. and economic damage if lockdowns are ended too soon. and

the afghan president orders the military to restart.