people take on the challenges of the world with their unique ideas. the person with the entrepreneurial mind to look at those true problems and make them one solution the new season of sounders valley. starts june 13th on t.w. . leo is pursuing an auto young car which is located south of often the company is one of germany's biggest producers of high grade steel products and melting furnace says. during her training here lee has spent more time in an open plan office usually she works with computers and excell tables rather than furnaces and molten steel the 19 year old is training to become an industrial management assistant she graduated from secondary school in 2013 and is now in her 2nd year at auto young

cub she's already learned about bookkeeping stock and sales and is tripoli working and purchasing. the good thing about this training is that you become familiar with the broad spectrum of. and can decide later on what your focus will be. many other young people also pursue this kind of career plans almost 20000 of them start training as industrial management assistance each year it's long been one of the most popular apprenticeships in germany. but the foundations of germany's vocational education programs can be found in workshops and on construction sites one of the latter is at the home of the german national opera the shops open on the boulevard one to 10 living in. the building trades have influenced vocational training more than any other field. to master and apprentice constellation has. characterized german trades since the 12th century

plasterers sebastian haase and his apprentice your big fans are there for part of a long tradition. today they're visiting the construction site at the theatre. these enormous pieces of plaster and stucco from the auditorium way up to 300 kilograms in a few weeks they have to be put back up on the ceiling. apprentices start out learning simple tasks in a building next door many historical areas are being renovated old paints needs to be scraped off it's a tedious job attitude is important with cliff i've always liked decorative plastering it's a good substance for bringing a space to life no matter what the quality is like. what it looks nice it kind of frees things up if you stand in the space and think wow now you can look at the ceiling and if there's a really nice painting on it that's even better. your highness says

he's always liked beautiful old things before he became a plasterers apprentice he studied history and archaeology and worked at his university. now he's 30 and has opened up a completely new chapter in his life he's training for a life transition. sebastian haas has been taking on apprentices for 20 years he's seen both the good and less gifted come and go. come flocking in our company there isn't much of a hierarchy but the apprentice is at the lowest level of what little are there is. for the 1st lesson is to learn to listen. to stand back and not to think i can do it all already. they don't get bullied or harassed but i definitely think that it's important for them to approach things with a certain amount of humility. training is an opportunity to learn

and that takes modesty including when it comes to the paycheck the average monthly pay for an apprentice amounts to less than $800.00 euros and that's before taxes. the last suppresses just like all the others have to learn how to get by on very little. yohannes experiences what vocational education is in germany every friday. that's when the apprentice who's no longer so young climbs into a somewhat to credit car and drives across bergland. he's heading for vocational school it's the other part of the dual training system when you sit in a classroom and learn theory. back to the root. noble store vocational

school is located in birdland spandau district about 2000 trainees attend classes here they're studying to be masons and surveyors cabinetmakers and mechanics this is where they learn the theoretical basics of their jobs. today in the plasterers class they're covering technology they learn about restoring plaster and make up lists of materials. be a good high buy is a trained construction engineer who's been teaching at the vocational school for 25 years. i think what we're doing here is working on a kind of educational superstructure letting them know in general what's special about the company we then move on to handling materials for example because if i know why certain things are the way they are then i'll have more confidence when i'm working. here. the combination of theory and practice

learning and application that's what makes germany's vocational training system a dual one it's also what sets it apart companies and government vocational schools often cooperate with one another over decades there are few other places in the world you can find data. i actually did leader a professor at munich's technical university trains up and coming vocational education teachers and pursues research in the field of vocational education youth unemployment in germany is relatively low and the leader says that's down to the dual system when trainees get their diplomas they're good to go for the job market says in the log if they're all able to do their jobs in a theoretically considered and practically competent way. they're also flexible as a result and can change firms. within the german system once they're qualified

they're in demand as a rule even outside of the company where they're trained troops. so is germany's vocational training flawless perfect wherever you look. for from it companies in the region in rural upper but they are a prime example of what's been going wrong. experts call what the very no fight no company is struggling with fit issues. the family business for 2 generations it's now run by hindsight now his farm has taken on apprentices for more than 3 decades precision engineers and cutting machine operators in particular train here but for a few years now they've been unable to find anyone for the traineeships applicants have grown scarce and they come with the worst qualifications in washington that the machines are becoming more and more complex and that requires the specialists

who operate them to be trained to a certain level of confidence. but we're seeing deficit in general education and if you ask the most the german chancellor then sometimes they're surprised it's a woman. you don't even want to start training and say i don't even know that it's a bit of in this field. companies would rather apprentice busy. sions go unfilled then try to educate unqualified trainees that's why vite know his company like so many others in germany is contributing to a staggering statistic in 201380020 positions remained unfilled firms only want the most talented and the best and they screen rigorously. the trainees that make it into vite knows workshop know that to. good motivated apprentices are in high demand as the population ages the number of teens in germany finishing secondary schools is falling plus many more young people prefer

going to university over working at a company like mike nars. there's unquestionably a great deal that's working well in germany's dual system in spite of the current problems people from abroad have noticed that giving young people a future perspective early on with a model that includes theory and practice seems to work. more and more countries are expressing an interest in the german system but introducing it is easier said than done. i guess as most of the 1st similar companies have to sit down together and set uniform training standards that is what do they want what do they all have in common then they've got to give people time off to go to class and they have to pay for the program. one thing with the financier the sleights of germany's dual vocational training system is supported by a high level of acceptance that's rooted within the society companies here are willing and eager to take part in training people that's what it takes time for

that to develop. vocational training in germany is a model for the rest of the world many apprentices among them appreciate that she's certified with the program as have a few i've already learned so much you learn a great deal even for yourself and become more independent you need to take on responsibility and that's why there's no way i'll regret in my printer ship. one of it was a good decision no doubt about it but it's fun and it has me looking forward to something new that motivates me a lot. it makes getting up early not so bad when i come home early and he can say today i really accomplished something and i've got some time off if i could scrape. you there and there's plenty of work still left to do for your highness and his boss someday sebastian vast wants to open up a museum on the upper floor of his workshop the exhibits will be old plaster trim

from berlin buildings the idea is to have your hunter's work on it if ngs go according to plan the master wants to employ his apprentice once he's finished his training. high city of step stone. cradled in you like 2 parallel lines of lightning and humanity's cradle in a wind of the mother of still foam crown of the congo. high above towering clouds mysterious and remote lies much you. know account towns of this city no european no spanish conquistador ever found a way through the wilderness of the valley. on a july day in 1911 the us archaeologist and historian hiram bingham accompanied by a native guide was the 1st to make his way along overgrown income power. skirting

the steep mountain slopes at the top he discovered the ruins of a long deserted city overgrown by the jungle. was this long lost vehicle bamber where the incas had hidden their goal from the spanish invaders not a single gold artifact has ever been found no one knows who lived here nor why the city was abandoned. the city which according to bingham was known as larger. mountain was built in the mid 15th century during the heyday of the inca culture and the entire empire. much you picchu was planned down to the smallest detail the architecture mirrors the 3 tiers of society on one side of the houses of the nobility with the palace

and the temples and on the other beyond the central plaza the districts for the scholars and the out his hands. below them to the south are the houses and terraces of the farmers including storehouses and sheds inca cities were hierarchically structured both internally and externally. the stone used to build matthew picchu was quarried within the city limits there were regular masons guilds with architects master builders experienced construction workers and gangs of unskilled laborers similar to those that build europe's mediæval cathedrals.

the inca houses reflect the society's class distinctions unlike the out his hands houses the walls of the scholars quarter and especially in the palace and temple are built with incredible precision each stone was shaped to within a fraction of an inch the inca builders use no mortar and even today they're dry stone walls are unsurpassed. an attempt at a reconstruction the gabled roofs were covered with straw which rested on wood and beans the beams were fastened to stone supports with ropes made from plants.

the farming terraces they were filled with soil brought up from the fertile bamber valley they're called and danish and the name of these mountains the andes the terracing makes artificial irrigation easier and stops the valuable topsoil being washed away. these terraces probably didn't produce enough to feed the entire population of machu picchu many sites have been found within a radius of 5 kilometers which were used only for farming the farmers must have been meekness members of conquered tribes forced by the incas to resettle here.

these reconstructed buildings were used for storage next to them are sheds for the lammas which would have transported the harvest bingham's excavations not only provided insights about the ways the incas lived they also presented new riddles the whole known as the motors for example may have been used for astronomical purposes at certain times the hollowed stones were filled with water taking the position of the windows and the direction of the sun's rays into account it may have been possible to make calculations for agricultural purposes. a 2nd theory assumes that the priestesses used the motors to grind plants and minerals and make dyes for weaving and pottery.

nobody knows whether an inker ever rude in matches picchu the word into means the only one the son of the sun gold and silver which represented the team is of the sun and the moon to the incas were often used for sacred purposes the religious artifacts demonstrate the high level achieved by into craft workers. back to the motor's the locals tell another story about them the 2 mortars full of water are supposed to represent 2 large open i learning for the sun and the sky.

the various strictly segregated parts of the city are linked by a great many steps. c c what's known as condo rock depicts a bird's head with a big the 2 rocks behind it represent the wings the gentle below the big could have been used to carry the blood of sacrificial animals to the incas the condo was

a symbol of freedom of the air the temple of the sun is a masterpiece of into architecture and seems set into the rock like a condo's nest from the semicircular tower the priests could make astronomical observations calculate the solstice or determine the precise position of the sun which played a vital role in religious ceremonies sum and moon were at the center of all the incas sacred rites the semicircular wall surrounds addressed block of granite which resembles an altar and was presumably used for sacrifices at the center of matthew picchu lies the palace the political heart of the city the beauty and precision of the stone walls show that the priests and nobility ruled here today we know that the blocks were shaped with bronze and stone tools and then ground against each other until the

pieces fitted like a jigsaw puzzle. the trapeze shaped door and window openings are typical of into architecture they were important for the structural stability of the openings which were often surmounted by blocks of stone weighing many tons. the sacred plaster is also known as the and closure of the sun to the south the house of the high priest. to the east the temple of 3 windows the incomes believed that infinity was reflected in them. to the north the open front of the main temple. beyond the main temple

lies the ceremonial hole the interior walls contain 30 knishes it's assumed that an oracle was consulted here to ask the council of the gods the voice of anyone's beginning to one of the knishes is magnified and can be heard throughout the whole . the religious center of much you picchu is the mound where the people bowed to the sun known as in te hua town. its main feature is a sacred site astronomers priests and teachers use the sum dial to calculate the course of the sun throughout the year the months and the time of day although we don't know what astronomical methods were used. van the end of

much you preach you remains a mystery with the fall of the entire empire the decline of the city was probably inevitable after that it didn't take long for the jungle to reclaim the houses temples and rules and then the inca city of matches picchu slept for 300 years.

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this is t w news coming to you live from altering the band behind the movements thousands pay their last respects to george floyd to his death in police custody sparked a global fight for racial justice the calls to defund the police risk losing political support for reform also coming up one year since the start of pro-democracy protests in hong kong muscle rests and a looming.