between earth and the sun but not quite close enough to our planet to completely obscure the sun's light the event is visible as you can say across a narrow band it will be visible across a narrow band from congo brazzaville to southern china the eclipse coincides with the northern hemisphere is longest day of the meeting the watching date of the news i'll be back with more news headlines next down until then you can check out our website d.w. dot com i'm rebecca richards thanks very much watching. the stories that matter to. you but. whatever it takes. no running know. how to get

a good. job you made for mines. one just one sees only one you feel like that get rid of the other is. an excerpt from a diary published anonymously as a woman in berlin in the spring of 1905 the author was repeatedly gang raped by soviet soldiers. western allied soldiers also committed mass rape during the liberation of berlin as

so often women were treated as spoils of war a reward for the conquering soldiers granted to them by their superiors part of the collateral damage that is unavoidable in conflicts or so the claim. for more than 70 years this sexual violence remained hidden from the history books as did the rapes and massacres carried out in 1904 by soldiers of the french expeditionary corps during the italian campaign these 2 were expunged from the official accounts which recorded only their honor and glory. and one of the thousands of young women called comfort women by the japanese imperial army who in 1992 were finally revealed to have been held in sexual slavery. or the 1990 s. terrible years in which mass rape became a weapon of ethnic cleansing and extermination. good call that women's bodies have

become a fire at all battlefields right just become a weapon of. sexual mutilation in the democratic republic of congo rape camps in bosnia deliberate transmissions of hiv aids in rwanda sexual torture treated for the 1st time in history by the international criminal court as a constituent element in genocide. international justice that struggles to hold to account major military leaders such as shown them but whose conviction in 2016 for the crimes and rapes committed by his troops in the central african republic was overturned for lack of evidence. such just must be. no trial judgment can be allowed to stand in such circumstances. that i've had i can't even call themselves is our offices in any real sense they

were nothing but savage to us. that they raped women old women of all ages from out 30 to 68 i saw 168 year old woman right in the most terrible way right before my eyes. my sister and my 60 year old mother too in the most savage way they acted like animals was 12 years of age that. many german women dared to speak openly about the mass rapes committed by the soviet army but only a few spoke of the thousands of braves committed during the liberation by allied soldiers from the west more than 70 years ago. the temple was broken in 2015 in the wake of historical research carried out by a german historian miriam get parts book titled when the soldiers came has already

been translated into 7 languages. and buy toast for fondue from baseless and so dark the problem for women raped by soldiers from the west was that their attackers were regarded as the good guys the liberators. when it was hard for the germans to us all of this conflict of loyalty and loyally to its conflict i was sort of on the one hand they were supposed to be grateful to these armies particularly the american army because they promised peace democracy and economic revival so i decided to see. it as the same time they were supposed to expose the soldiers that had committed crimes. who were not just a must as heroes. in head move on. this is the ash realists the research was very difficult and against the reports of the invasion were an important source for these were written by priests here around

munich describing the last days of the war and the early weeks of the period after the end of the war. again this part of the archives we keep the end your reports of the priests we have about 530 reports dating from the end of the 2nd world war critics these boxes also contain written evidence of the rapes committed by allied troops documents like these are rare so i am very calmly she saw it says here 2 american soldiers raped a very respectable girl in early may with me she had been sent here to work for the air force in a dream the soldiers entered the house around 10 pm claiming they wanted to search the premises but in truth they were looking for the 2 young girls who lived there one of them managed to run away. and the soldiers fired off several rounds. my no question is. according to my estimate around 900000 women were

raped and. for 2 thirds of them by soviet soldiers and one 3rd by western allied soldiers. i see from susan calm him up to the arrival of the french and april and may 945 and southwestern germany was a key moment another was in the alps when the americans moved into southern the area he's got. in the past it was believed that these rapes were an act of revenge so who was that meanwhile new sociological theories have emerged with which argues that rape is also serve the function within the army me to see the bonds between the soldiers making them accomplices partners in crime so to speak and one thing to often also says so today it's also believed that part of the purpose was to weaken society using race to set the germans against one another they still go to go on.

to soldiers paraded in the ranks before the people of the parish who turned out to admire them the north african soldiers who had become heroes after their famous victory in may 1944 at monte cassino in italy. but one thing history didn't record was the murder looting and rape committed by the liberating theorems. daniella there is only way they we're heading for. the village and commune the french expeditionary corps landed in with the. law when they arrived they sought the spoils of war. one of which was raping the women cheat and.

he's still putting it on me. historian gabriele agreed biology is the author of a book titled. or total war it describes the air attacks on italy the violence perpetrated by the nazis and the impact of the war on the suburban population. sony is almost as a mass rapes took place in the area. the village we're going to was one of the hardest hit. the rapes were carried out by gangs on many women and young girls but also young boys teenagers. sometimes even men were raped by 78 or 10 soldiers. he's all that.

all the silage is. people they were all victims of this violence. the gustaf fortification had cut italy into maine and was liberated from the nazis in may 1944 by the expeditionary corps of general. the heroes of the terrible battle of monte cassino. that is annoying and yaml. we're going to meet a local historian his done research on the violence that was committed in this area . his name is sandra rosato. defeated it's hard to find witnesses now too much time has gone by putting this i can't wait for the. world to wonder are north of the sea ok. the 2 researchers lead us to a church located at the top of the hill

a landmark in the unspoken history of the liberation of the villa. the only bit of boron's the word liberation is a word we speak in quotation marks because it wasn't a very pleasant time for anyone living in lane or love what. could still do or what so important about this place when put down causing the problem but it's important because. once word got around about what the french soldiers were doing. to the women and also to the men who put this but it's only 4 inches a little took refuge in this church. 'd there were 300 women here and men to war when. in fact over there in the monastery is where a field hospital was set up to give 1st aid to the women. because they don't need at all for me as he did anyone in your family to talk about what happened so with

a mentor no one almost in a 1000000 and then absolutely not i never heard anyone mention it because it was either from my mother or my father's side of the adultery in fact it was talked about as if it happened to others not them of the assistance if only later as an adult studying the history of labor law when did i discover these documents. the woman that sue on the suit and reading them i came across some familia neighbors. relatives. my grandmothers. put it on when she i heard stories about pregnant women who were violently attacked indict. them you know not like all the women in layla and elsewhere my grandmothers were deeply ashamed the very woman was the.

well right after the war these women who were abused attacked and brutalized. the how to hide. one little money the normal 4 when their husbands returned from the front. and found out that their wives had been raped. they rejected them or. abandoned them just like them could be refuted in the bundle on a cattle. it's clear that this violence came about because french officers and generals did nothing to prevent it so. they let it happen. out of the 19 on a little less than what if they didn't order it the but they allowed it to happen hoping the details would never become public committee to be able to be coming to her old alexander commander of the allied ground forces in italy warned general

about the behavior of his troops but 2 months later alexander expressed his doubts that french officers were taking the situation seriously there is as you will be aware very strong feelings among french troops against the italians and i am afraid that this feeling has led junior officers to condone or ignore the behavior of their troops it may well be that reports will eventually reach the press or parliament these reports may be very damaging to the reputation of france. i mean the idea that us all fitting the memory of the suffering in this area hasn't really registered in the national consciousness it's like a separate episode that's been forgotten when. one city called. this suffering also shaped the young women trafficked does sex slaves by the japanese imperial army between 1932 and the end of the 2nd world war south korean

activist kim but described her experiences in an interview in 2016 didn't get it either or that i learned. on sundays the soldiers stood in line from 8 am to 5 pm. they're also like they came and went field line after line of them got them out i had the women that i couldn't even tell you how many soldiers a day. go toward how long all my 5 pm i couldn't stand. on saturdays it was mid day to. the waltzing of the military police started the line at midday sharp and went with him in that the so that the one sit on them with bill that would have given up if i was beaten many times because i was disobedient . i often thought of killing myself too. long ignored in the historical accounts these young women were described as comfort women sex workers who willingly sold their services to japanese soldiers it was

a false what the japanese government preferred to ignore here the woman. who were able some men in uniform came along. took it out of these officer and the head of the village. we planted the pile and they said i had to go to factory that manufactured war materials but it didn't turn out to be the 2 boys in the gulf as that and when they buy them that were mother my mother said i was too young to work an approaching that of a bargain and our labor cost the pill and then the woman i said that if arraf used to go be an act of treason against japan. the woman that i know him they handed out they were confiscate our possessions and my family would be deported tomorrow seeing that. i was almost 14 years old.

book out that the man who addressed me was embarrassed and lowered his head. for the one that i am a sense of place far away and i wasn't allowed to leave it there this. time. i spent 8 years as a slave of the japanese army. sweating blood for the village of one of all. the women came from korea china the philippines malaysia and burma an estimated 100-002-2000 extension 00 women many of them still young girls they were misled abducted and rounded up by the imperial japanese army forced to work as sex slaves in what were you for mystically called comfort stations. these military run brothels were maintained until the surrender of japan in 1905. after the brutal massacres in what would become known as the rape of nanking in

december 1937 where thousands of chinese civilians were raped and sexually mutilated the japanese army expanded its network of military brothels with the idea that this would help preserve its reputation and channel the sexual urges of its soldiers. women who attempted to escape were treated with but most brutality i want. the guy you are i know that one day they brought in the girl and tie tear up and the kids would have. you know they grabbed her breasts and sliced a tough with a knife or gun would you go good with the. disease suicide abuse and murder could claimed the lives of one in 6 of the young women it took almost 50 years where these historical events to come to light in 1901 south

korean activist kim cox one was the 1st to speak publicly about her ordeal. i was nothing and nobody the japanese soldiers raped me one after the other i tried to endure it transistor run away but i was caught and raped repeatedly. her testimony inspired many other women to come forward. and several other south korean women filed suit in a japanese court demanding recognition of the crimes that had been committed a public apology and compensation for the survivors thousands of other women then came forward and the japanese government rejected the claims citing the supposed lack of material evidence while denying any policy of state sponsored sexual slavery for the court the testimony of the victims was not regarded as evidence this stance led to demonstrations outside the japanese embassy in seoul

a weekly event that carries on to this day. in 1902 historian your she argues she me called into question the japanese government's official version of events at a press conference in 1994 he dismissed it entirely he said that the women who were forced to become what they called comfort women were recruited by kidnapping abduction or other forms of human trafficking you know these methods were in violation of criminal law and international treaty to do with you up you know their detention in comfort stations made them sexual slaves. that they want to discredit the japanese army was clearly largely to blame since it was the military that set up these comfort stations the student got it. after scouring the records held in the japanese depends agency library. uncovered documents proving the imperial army's direct role in setting up the brothels some of the documents

carried the seal of high ranking officers in 2015 a statement urging the government to acknowledge these historical facts garnered 13800 signatures of support from japanese historians in response japan finally issued a statement to south korea acknowledging the imperial army's direct involvement in holding women in wartime sexual slavery. and the bet that i'm not going to die until i've received an apology. once everything has been resolved and. i can go in peace. if they. don't died in january 29 teen without ever receiving the official apology she had asked for but her brave testimony and relentless pursuit of the truth contributed enormously to the surfacing in the 1990 s. of this dark chapter in the history of the 2nd world war.

but wartime rapes are not simply a distant history in the 1990 s. one of the more recent chapters took place in europe during the war in the former yugoslavia. early reports sent back from the ground in 1902 by roy gutman then a correspondent for newsday were essentially dismissed the shocking series of articles were published the following year in his pulitzer prize winning book a witness to genocide the book described the concentration camps set up by serbian forces and their systematic rapes targeting muslim girls and women in what was essentially an act of ethnic cleansing.

this is a conflict that went on for 5 years during which rate force used as a weapon of extermination to destroy a certain part of the population because it was muslim and bottled up you that's. going to them as human. in 2014 the more you're founded the in geo we are not weapons of war to help survivors and fight against illegal impunity. people talk about rape humiliation tara. i'm sure also. this is rape with extreme violence that causes on the imaginable injuries. it's extremely violent sort of out and back when you. it shows that these acts are not driven by sexual urges that has absolutely nothing to do with it all. this is

a tool used to inflict as much damage as possible to the men yet. maximum computer. in 1903 anthony loyd became a witness to this violence he took this photograph of a woman who had been expelled from a serbian camp following a ceasefire with the bosnians what became of her is she still alive. years later on assignment in syria the photographer told the story behind the picture of her aversive was and was going through a series crossing oceans crossed seas. one of the trucks was over there. we go to. where it goes whether. it's refugee center this will set the world. right.

she moves from the crowd so if. you look this is the 1st thing you think she even rapes or it's a serious. dress is rivers. most. murderous is slightly bruised she's mutual she uses for us for except. from the trial since she's in robes. and therefore. she never saw the ships that. sit down. and this was also a highly symbolic conflict because rape was used systematically as a means of ethnic cleansing. terrorizing population making women pregnant using rape as a means of ethnic purification rundown of yard this conflict had rape camps and

throughout my career i've never seen that anywhere else. we should take a moment to ponder that concept when the e.c. need to do the thinking supports that. in 2001 the international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia issued a conviction for rape as a crime against humanity it was the 1st instance of an international tribunal convicting soley on charges of sexual violence committed in a rape camp. leisure. bar for me justice isn't just a matter of judging and sentencing it's a way of putting down on paper and recording exactly what happened and that's important but we want to establish a permanent memory a history that people will read about in 100 years time. in bridgeport bosnia-herzegovina initiated the 1st trial for rape as a war crime another landmark event. that we forced to change in the law

introducing the idea that rape victims should be recognized as victims of war crimes and therefore entitled to the same recognition the same financial support from the state that's always been a benefit to give in to victims of war crimes but not victims of war rape which was not regarded as a war crime. whereas victims of rape during wartime are every bit as much victims of a war crime as someone who was tortured. between 20050000 women were raped during the conflict thousands more died or are still missing was a cool day by this cruelty of your rape can be seen as an act of extreme cruelty against the defeated we see finally defeat your will it's almost a need to disfigure them in their own eyes before exterminating them. in their own eyes or maybe in the eyes of the one doing the disfiguring the torture emotion and

their imagination raping a woman negates and kills all the men in the family even the male children she hasn't had revealed this it's an act of desecrations like vandalizing a cemetery they didn't mean it's about eliminating the place where the enemy exists the most lousy for the civilization flourishes and its memorials and its words and the color nary dishes it is so proud of should it be legal if i despise the people in southwest france that stamp on their most famous stash coffee and let's get squashed to sell it and i'll let you know says during leisure those who commit genocide rape is a way of destroying a way of being that should never have existed so you missed it seen any of it do you a delusion in it lou if they want extermination and beyond thought. it's about eradicating that particular flour and pulling it out by its rogues it's genocidal and that's the connection with radio. genocide in conjunction with rape also took

place beyond these beautiful hills in what was one of the most for roche's mass slaughters in history according to united nations estimates in the period of 4 months from april to july 994 between 800001 1000000 rwandans horse martyred. most were killed with machetes shovels and picks firearms and other blunt instruments who 2 exterminated 3 quarters of rwanda's took to population. on an island what happened was not an interest in a conflict for the simple reason that there are no different ethnic groups in

rwanda the hutu and tutsi and not different peoples they speak the same language share the same system of religion they united under the same political yoke they suffer the same restrictions so there are no differences. in her book the historian and expert on rwanda assembled to 10 years of research carried out in the field it was an attempt to explain the unexplainable. beyond reporting. what happened during those 3 months was a political project with the intention of wiping out the entire tutsi community in rwanda by the mass extermination of women children the elderly not just men of fighting age. it was a smaller that began the day of the assassination opera one president. his plane

was attacked and exploded in mid flight on april 6th 1994 but the assassination had its roots in the colonial and political history of rwanda which over time fueled racism and resentment between tutsi and hutu people. of color who called the fab the tutsi community was put to death through women's bodies and we'll probably never know how many rapes were committed. many women either died as a result of rape or were executed after being raped. according to estimates put forward by the human research and geo between 250500000 women a believed to have been raped it was a systematic practice to see women were described as more lustful than hutu women young text and 3 quarters of

a key text in this anti to see propaganda effort known as the 10 men who 2 commandments relates to women. who 2 men were urged not to marry to see women not to take them as lovers or a secretaries if they were to prefer to women who were more honest and made better mothers and housewives. what underlies this is the idea that to see women with something like agents of disorder stirring up racial strife this racism is extremely important because it helps make sense of the cruelty that unfolded in the spring of 1904 look at when i get off according to an article in the new york times some women were penetrated with spears gun barrels bottles or banana tree branches their sexual organs mutilated with machetes boiling water and acid.

so when you see what happened to any hutu women married to tutsis there was an obvious desire to remove any tutsi fetus from the wombs of these women the future. pregnant women had their bellies sliced open so many hutu women married to tutsis were also raped by way of definitively breaking this line of descent when you know difficulty of. later it was discovered that the government discharged hiv aids patients from hospitals to form battalions of rapists tasked with instigating a slow death. for any mother raped and infected with hiv it meant that 6 or 7 years down the line her surviving children would suffer further mourning also linked to the genocide and this would create new fractures between siblings. who. in 1900. from john paul 2 the former

mayor of the commune of taba guilty of genocide it was a historic for addict the 1st conviction of an individual for rape as a crime against humanity as a form of genocide. this is both the most widely judged genocide and the one that has been judged differently before the courts 2000000 cases have been treated hundreds of thousands of people have been brought to court but they have been no reparations for the victims and the women who came to testify were not seen as victims but as witnesses so they had absolutely no right to anything. the survivors with no rights victims who in the eyes of the courts did not exist this was also the case in a 28000 trial in paris where 2 former mayors of a commune in eastern rolonda were convicted of crimes against humanity and genocide

but the question operate was not included in the investigation or trial. oh. yes what shocked me following the hearings was that the issue of rape was not mentioned. it would be very strange if this municipality was spared a type of incident that was widely practiced throughout the region. another issue is the rapes women were subjected to when survivors were removed by militia members from churches where they'd sought shelter. but this wasn't raised at the trial because it wasn't mentioned in the case file. yet. the word impunity also figured prominently in the 2012 trial in

mean over south kivu province where the largest rape trial in the history of the democratic republic of congo was held a 1000 witnesses appeared at the trial and $190.00 women filed charges but most were left empty handed $36.00 out of $39.00 defendants charged with rape and other atrocities were acquitted including 13 out of the 14 officers recorded bodies have become a veritable battlefield rape has become a weapon of war. look or consequences are manifold and have an impact on the whole of society. family units disintegrate the social fabric is destroyed the population reduced to slavery or simply driven into exile. in books in the

region of the african great lakes the doctor and his team have carried out surgery on more than 50000 women and girls survivors of genital mutilation like this 18 month old child. atrocities committed with impunity that he has been publicly denouncing for 20 years. is a pulse. see what i have seen it and not say anything that would make me an accomplice in the proper symbol that would make it impossible for me to provide medical care to the babies the women who were tortured doc to use them still. when someone shoots a woman in the genitals at 4 point blank range corky's in. i think that's brutal enough could people to say enough. as. hard hitting words that convey a disturbing and uncertain truth in 2012 dennis macwhich i survived

a 1st assassination attempt his assistant who died in the attack saved his life since then dennis mccuaig as life has been under threat he knows he's living on borrowed time because it's like even with those who want to hurt me those are simply because they cannot tolerate us denouncing them then we will see them but even beyond that i believe that by joining forces and working together we can act to stop these atrocities it is about. bringing an end to atrocities and to legal impunity then. mcquade guy has followed these words with deeds together with the staff of the pansy foundation which he founded in 2008 to help provide a range of legal and social services to survivors of sexual violence they could join together with several other interested parties to press charges against a provincial lawmaker and his militia for the rape of $42.00 girls under the age of

8 the trial ended in 2018 with a conviction of the former official and his accomplices for crimes against humanity and rape. it was a historic verdict the not yet and even victory that same here dennis mcquay goal was awarded the nobel peace prize and spoke out again against impunity. at this very moment. as i speak. i reports lies gathering dust at the bottom of a draw in some office in new york. it was written after a rigorous and professional investigation into war crimes and human rights violations in congo. so the report explicitly names of victims places the states. but spans the perpetrators. these reports from the mapping exercise are pants by the united nations high

commissioner for human rights describe no less than $617.00 war crimes and crimes against humanity and possibly even genocide. got so why isn't the world acting on this report. if there is no lasting peace without justice. but justice is non-negotiable. while justice may be non-negotiable this did not prevent the international criminal court from overturning the war crimes conviction of former democratic republic of congo vice president john pierre bemba in 28 must be. notes out judgement this was a major disappointment for survivors of the war rape in the initial trial bemba had been sentenced to 18 years in prison for the looting murder and rapes committed by his troops in the central african republic for many legal experts overturning the

verdict represented a historic failure. rate patootie has been fully incorporated as a weapon of war alongside that we have an evolving justice system so you could say we're making progress but what message are we sending if we're unable to convict those who issued the orders we have to prove that they are part of the planet and that means not focusing solely on whoever is carrying out the rapes. the bend the case gives the impression that those who give the orders can act with impunity although. today only about 20 south korean women who were forced into sexual slavery are still moment and able to testify to the sexual torture the remains prevalent around the world. 6 their memories will further anchored in history in 2018 when you see the activist not be

a moron a survivor of sexual slavery was awarded the nobel peace prize among side dennis mcquade. the award was not just a symbol but also a message. i believe it's a question of result of this overall view until now we have not had the result of. what you said for will the political result of world war 2 vulnerable to society's result of what was society boardin. to say that we no longer accept the type of bob's barretts he that shames our shared humanity and i believe that if politicians and leaders developed this result it would be possible to stop these barbarities.

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