german culture looking at the stereotype the question but if you think if he's a country that i don't. hear you don't see everything because grandma down to you it's all that out there. i'm rachel joins me from the gym sunday. post. welcome to in good shape you help shed on. hello and welcome to you in good shape i'm here in berlin at the famous german museum off technology here we can admire a lot from the world of engineering including medical equipment but i think those beautiful instrument for doctor is

a storage you can use it for fixing nations and this is what we're going to take a closer look at today like why we humans need a thing called her to beauty what our immune system has to do with soccer. whether vaccines contain pork and how just one englishman stor any cost $25000.00 cases of measles. i'm going to meet an expert in that summation and they take we're purposely not talking about the novel coronavirus because that's the nation's topic of many interesting aspects as well the fix nations are necessary what do you do when you can find your fixation certificate what other risks are fixation why because you know the dog. polio was the dreaded disease perfectly healthy children went to bed one day and

hoax up the other with incurable paralysis thousands of them died until finally it seemed was held. in the 1960 s. children across the world work risk of contracting polio. the disease started with a harmless bout of fever and diarrhea but then paralysis said it starting in the legs and moving up the body there was no treatment. in the worst cases the child's just muscles were affected and they couldn't breathe the only solution was an iron lung a mechanical respirator that stimulated breathing sometimes for months. some polio sufferers died of the disease many of those who survived were left unable to walk properly and relied on a walking frame. then in the 1950 s.

there was finally light at the end of the tunnel and is in south spinelli not fish but i think the indian financially stuck in fast. and enough to slow down in infrastructure to get kinda lame and people trapped. in 1954 inactivated polio virus vaccination was introduced in 6. it's fully tested on several 100000 children but then just a few weeks later disaster struck live polio virus accidentally got into an inactivated virus vaccine the result tens of thousands of new polio cases in the u.s. not surprisingly many parents then opted not to vaccinate their children but in the 1960 s. a new vaccination was developed and deemed to be safe. it had the added advantage that it could be taken orally which made it much easier to ensure comprehensive coverage for the population. more and more people were vaccinated including many

adults the number of polio cases worldwide dropped dramatically the oral polio vaccine is still used in some countries today but it is now usually received as part of a combined shot including diptheria techniques and will being called. one small jab which immunizes a child against several serious illnesses. the fear of polio has been almost completely banished the disease has been nearly eliminated nearly but not quite. polio is still present in afghanistan and pakistan in some muslim countries pressure from radical islamists has led people to refuse vaccinations. and. as a result polio has yet to be fully eradicated from the world. polio

does still exist in afghanistan and pakistan and recently there was a case in the philippines so how big is the danger that it spreads around the world again. well that we have an increase of polio cases especially in pakistan afghanistan the sexual predicts that news it is something that we have to take serious and because the human humans are the only reservoir for the virus so. being able to control it integrated capable should be something that should be most priority for the w.h.o. absolutely because it's very sad because you can prevent it with explanation but if you take a look into pakistan many parents are very afraid to actually meet their children because they heard in the social media that the might be some traces of pork meat in the vaccine or that it makes the children infertile so why is it so difficult to

bring all of the scenes to the mind of the people well the fear about vaccination is understandable because you are giving to a child something that seen as a danger and the child is healthy so it is understandable that there's this fear and also it is understandable to see to think about pork and pork ingredients in a big scene it is actually true that the process of developing the vaccine. that they're using parts of from the pork and but this is completely washed out and islamic religious leaders say that they are no traces of pork left in the vaccine that it's completely safe and ok to get back to the natives and this vaccine doesn't make you infertile know for sure not the nation there's no case they actually of infertility due to vaccination it's actually the other way around if

you're not getting vaccinated for some of those viruses those viruses can make. about $1500000.00 children die each year from infectious diseases which could have been prevented by fixing nation so it's very important to start fixing it. campaigns like units have to pass. no path is too rugged no mountain too high for the united nations international children's emergency fund or unicef its teens will go the distance for any child in countries like yemen devastated by years of civil war unicef seeks to alleviate suffering by providing food and water and also through large scale vaccination campaigns. in regions torn apart by war or natural disasters children are rarely immunized. in the democratic republic of congo for example almost 5000 children under the age of 5 died from measles and

2019 a quarter of a 1000000 were infected and that at a time when ebola was spreading infrastructure was failing and health centers were under attack. unicef was still there to help like here in cus i province. in the past we would go for 2 or 3 months without seeing a single case of measles but since the epidemic we are seeing one or 2 a day before the epidemic there were very rarely infectious. but it's not just war and shortages that make the campaign difficult people themselves have reservations but unicef teams do more than vaccinate they inform and educate as well. as your love on. me explain the advantages of immunization a vaccinated child is protected and even if there is a sudden outbreak the child is still protected. over 80 percent of the

world's children are vaccinated thanks in part to aid organizations such as unicef and doctors without borders 80 percent may sound like a lot but it's not enough in the case of missiles the vaccination rate needs to be 95 percent to ensure that everyone is protected. the efforts to eradicate the measles particularly create and why is the. not succeeding well measles one of the most infectious and most contagious viruses that been know and simple smear infection it can be transmitted from one person to the other so you don't see the infection but it's already present at the same time it is a virus that can actually be eradicated because humans are the only reservoir similar to polio and so it's a great effort trying to eradicate meters because it's such

a deadly disease so it's very very important to get yourself to dickens' teasels but what kind of fix a nation should you also get well there's a whole list of vaccinations that you should consider or you should get because they are all pretty deadly diseases that includes polio that we talked about earlier but also a. hepatitis b. hepatitis a very subtle sauce. if you take a look at to fixing what is actually in it while in effect seen there simply put 2 ingredients on the one side they are like a part of the. pathogen or the pathogen and at the same time the immune system needs a dangerous signal so often this is aluminum or something similar that tells the me and system to attack this pathogen in the future but if i say well it's my life actually i don't care you say it's very important that everybody gets. if one

individual is this person is protected but the people around it need to be vaccinated that style that new born children or people that cannot get vaccinated because they have. some other diseases like cancer they can be vaccinated if everybody or can be protected if everybody around it is being vaccinated so because this herd immunity which the whole society is basically protecting the weak individuals if they give extreme to the patient how does the immune system knows how to fight the pathogens well you have to see this kind of like a soccer training where the danger signal is the cold and immune system are the players so the coaches telling the players like how to play and how to win this battle or win the match it's a very good explanation thank you for that in the year 2008 young men travelled

from london to how book what he doesn't know is that he was infected by the measles because he doesn't feel well he goes to the hospital there 5 people get infected a construction worker carries the pathogen to bulgaria where 20000 people fall ill at lightning speed and 24 of them die 2 years later the virus is still detectable in 11 european countries until it can be finally stopped the story shows how important it is to fight the measles because this virus is very highly effective. cologne people 2018. many in the western german city were suffering from cold and flu like symptoms. alex our is a paramedic he also began feeling unwell at 1st he thought he was coming down with flu in fact he had. measles. the initial symptoms are similar for tb

a sore throat a cough at this point the virus is highly contagious measles is an airborne disease . alex our went to his g.p. who prescribed antibiotics for a sore throat because the initial symptoms of measles are not distinctive it is often diagnosed late antibiotics don't help alex our felt worse and worse. the club about complete your body waste away i've never been run over by a steam roller but i imagine that's what it would feel like you can't do anything you're running a high temperature you've got no appetite evolution weights you sweat like crazy you can't sleep but you're not really awake either i felt helpless that's when i knew i had to do something it's what was the most. he called an ambulance and was taken to hospital there he developed a skin rash and doctors finally diagnosed measles alex our spent

a week in hospital in an isolation room we had a temperature of over 40 degrees celsius and he developed an eye condition. as an icon who gets if you have all these rules you get conjunctive itis in my case it got so bad that after 3 days i could hardly see anymore i could make out shapes but i couldn't focus that was the most worrying thing i was pretty terrified of or. i am not she is. new cases of measles were being reported to the cologne public health authority every day anyone who had been in contact with those people had to be notified to contain the spread of the disease. doesn't try and deal with the issue from our point of view was that measles had spread through the city and that was a serious cause for concern once the suttons not really nothing but a and e.

departments and doctors practices filled up with people presenting skin rashes by the time the rash appears measles patients will have been contagious for 5 days and they're likely to infect anyone who isn't immunized against the disease some people have doubts about vaccines others are unaware that a measles vaccine exists or just have never got around to getting it. unvaccinated people can become infected with the measles virus and spread it it can lead to pneumonia and other complaints. muncher in governor's office some patients can't even get out even some young people have had to stay in bed with incontinence pads for a week acute post missiles and several lighters is another potential complication but sometimes brain damage develops slowly and the effect only appears 7 or 8 years later that it's fatal and nothing can be done is there going modernists on him or to. the authorities in cologne struggled to contain the outbreak the public health

office resorted to drastic measures. temporary vaccination stations were set up across the city doctors checked vaccination records and dispensed advice and if necessary administered the vaccine. most people suffer no side effects. some 10 percent might see swelling or redness around the injection site fever or headaches joint or muscle pain the strategy was successful the infection curve and . after a week of raised temperature pain not sleeping or eating and doing nothing fearing for my life feeling panicky and helpless my advice to anyone would be go to the doctor test if your immune if not get vaccinated. our recovered but since then he's had to wear glasses the measles outbreak in cologne past but the disease has

by no means been eradicated in some countries vaccinations are mandatory and some countries discuss about this so what's your take on mandatory vaccinations well it's always better facts a nation is voluntarily but we as a society i think we also have a responsibility that we are getting vaccinated and protect those individuals that do not get wrecked or cannot get vaccinated from those infections now overall i think it's the last measure that can or should be taking. to have it mandatory but it can also read that if you have minutes or affects a nation for some. pathogens that you're not getting vaccinated against the other ones most parents get their children vaccinated but many of them get that they have to refresh the vaccination so what kind of fix seems to we have to take as an adult it is 1st of all important that some of the pathogens you only need to

be vaccinated forms but for others you need to have a refreshment of the vaccination for example for diphtheria vaccination usually is documented in the kind of pos purty it's an international community asian affects of asians here from germany but what would be if i would lose the struction well then you should go to your primary care physician because you can make a. measurement in the laboratory and actually test that you have protected against those pathogens on the lot so you say that it seems amazing that you save but what about a limited because there's a great discussion about this here in germany. while those studies are actually false it has been suggested that for example aluminum brings autism to the children this is completely false and studies have shown repeatedly that aluminum doesn't actually harm the individuals and if you compared like getting

element of in your body by for example having a barbecue in aluminum foil or you're just licking off the. cover of like the your board cop you're also taken more aluminum then and it was seen we humans always dream about defeating cancer and this dream might even become true when you look at cervical cancer and the solution could be x. and nation. viruses can cause cancer this trailblazing insight ultimately and the man who discovered it the nobel prize for medicine in 2008 for years had lots o. hausen had been researching the human papilloma virus the viruses generally transmitted hearing sex if the immune system doesn't fight it off it can trigger cervical cancer but also in the back of the mouth and throat on the penis and anus but for

the past 13 years an h.p.v. vaccination has been available because i'm to mention if we inoculated the entire human population and eradicated this myra's we could wipe it off the face of the earth as we have done with smallpox or at least the types of the virus that we can vaccinate against at the moment. a vaccination against cancer. some countries have also been inoculating boys in recent years 10 year old lay on is getting his 1st h.p.v. jab from his pediatrician at this age it's particularly effective the immune system reacts very strongly to the vaccine. as we try to give the vaccination as early as possible that is by the age of 14 that has the advantage that we only need to administer to vaccinations and children at that age are unlikely to have had their 1st sexual encounters and have faced the danger of infection and. doctors recommend that the h.p.v. vaccination be given between the age of 9 and 14 as it's been shown to work best if

it's administered than. so that it. but take up is still low in many countries even though the vaccine is safe and effective. the immunologist and they ask for money says that h.p.v. vaccination makes sense for everyone he says the body can cope with most viruses but our immune responses don't generally offer long lasting protection. and i have to see if we know that in the case of a natural infection the immune response is low and doesn't last so a person can get infected by the same type of virus again the h.p.v. vaccination produces a much stronger immune response and offers protection that lasts a very long time at least 10 to 16 years i predict that the vaccination will actually afford lifelong protection from it. there may be no very long term studies

as yet but doctors such as gynecologist that advise women to get the vaccination if they've had suspicious cells removed from their cervix. who do this is based on sound scientific evidence a large randomized study showed women in this position who have vaccinated had less chance of recurrence and women who are not. immunologist and they ask of money is certain that there are other high risk groups who would benefit from the h.p.v. vaccination besides women who have cervical cancer or it's proceeding stages. sint how if it would definitely make sense to vaccinate people who are hiv positive i suppose you will harm or who have a compromised immune system either because of a genetic predisposition or due to medication like rheumatoid arthritis sufferers. or those with auto immune diseases. covered in

a vegan has 2 daughters both have had the h.p.v. vaccination. but it was news to her that she might also benefit if people. down and i didn't realize that you could also get it done at a more advanced age of course it's worth considering. going ecologists to fund school netsky advisors women who've already had cervical abnormalities or have a history of cancer in the family to get the jab. he doesn't see why h.p.v. vaccination shouldn't work in later life. for example you can also get vaccinated against pneumonia against newcastle infections from 60 or you can get a flu jab in later life and the immune response is good so we can also assume an h.p.v. vaccination would be pretty effective when you're older. we now know of over 200 different types of human papillomavirus but existing vaccines target only the few

strains which cause the most infections scientists like on to ask how from one are working hard to develop new ones that also tackle other dangerous h.p.v. types that goal is to protect all men and women from cancer caused by the human papillomavirus worldwide and regardless of their age. why should boys also be vaccinated against h.p.v. well 1st of all men are the ones who can transmit it to woman to get h.p.v. infected. as we talk about. solidarity we should all get vaccinated against h.p.v. or woman gets over cancer at the same time men can also get cancer from h.p.v. infection thought can cause pain. and cause cancer and both of these either threat can be prevented through vaccination and now there's some new vaccines in the

pipeline which we can look forward to while they are. scenes in the pipeline 1st of all and i think one of the most pressing one is seen. virus that can cause. pneumonia in children and newborns and it is actually often a lethal disease so having a big scene against this virus would be really great and this would be very efficacious for everyone but at the same time you have that are being developed and actually also against. many of the scenes so because it's the most efficacious and most cost effective way to prevent an infection and did read it kate those infectious diseases thank you so much for the interesting talks and if you're ever in the end with the german technology museum and we see each other again next week then that's. a good cheap. it's

a look at the planes. landed

in the blood. in latin america missing children and led her dog underground to everyday lives mining operations are taking a heavy toll on the residents of some even pay with their lives. but as long as international demand for resources future rising south america's mining will continue. in 15 years on d w. we

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the ideas is on its way to bring you more conservation. out. we see these remarks how can we protect our projects what to do with all our waste. we can make a difference by choosing smart solutions overstrained said in our ways. to those implementing a series of blue collars and w. how does a virus spread. why do we parent and when will all this. computer through the topics covered in the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like and the information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcast you can also find us and pretty w dot com look for it slash science. business

g w news clyde from berlin a terror attack in the commercial heart of pakistan gunmen attacked the stock exchange in the city of karachi police say that at least 7 people have been killed including all the floor of the assailants also coming up a tight runoff and pollings presidential election as the populist incumbent on date m j duda is fighting for a 2nd term he came out on top but will have to face a challenge from the liberal mayor of warsaw in the run up.