his credo no chemical. countries can just. step. cool. league summit strikes the students of the past don't stand a chance. i training successful. ok let me start by 20 seconds on t w i. please . come and meet all these village elders have great issues on their minds. that. they're holding a crisis moves in to discuss whether their village has

a future or not to. work with a large part of our religion has already been swallowed by sound when you go. soon the rest will disappear but if you go up there you can look and you can see how the palm trees are dying because of drought and the sand keeps on coming you know we've been. playing. the desert is relentlessly encroaching on the embraces which like so many others in morocco is at risk of disappearing. playing. it. because. we have come to her meat and his lung a smaller race a settlement in south east in morocco. this is

a horrid desert starts right behind the village. in the morning we meet talim by as he is filling up his pick up. by grew up here in honey and wants to show us what is happening here. that. we are company her limb and an acquaintance to the edge of the settlement with the palm groves and farmer's fields are located. palin says that there's practically nothing left of the green oasis of his childhood. could be the family the desert is quickly moving in from all sides on the away. from the east the west and the south . when he sees a light from monitors they don't allow you to gauge the pain such climate change.

when we arrive in the palm groves the weather suddenly deteriorates a sense storm blows up. that has become the new normal here less and less rain and more and more sandstorms and soil erosion. this is what they are a sense of how many looks like now. it is sinking in desert sand. the impact of climate change has long been clear here.

when the weather has settled her name and his acquaintance up to do any get straight to her. i think. they want to fill one of the dead pantry it would as well suited to making furniture but the other one could. but make it worse with a book about over the rubble of a coffin as new trees stop producing dates long ago. he was here at. the pumps have fallen victim to the encroaching sand dunes. we are paying our last respects to this palm tree it's like burying someone look around we're in a graveyard. putting this palm tree to a good use is the least we can do for it. also it was. a fair colored western like

a table from the wood for farmers in the region it's becoming increasingly difficult to make a living from agriculture they're being forced to diversify or change jobs completely. life has also changed fundamentally. his father used to plant pantries here and could live well from the abundant they tell us. now a few decades later his son sees him self as an activist who wants to draw attention to the dramatic changes in this region. why does this great god exist the answer is quite simple it's the lack of water. shortages are being caused by climate change. this is exonerating the process of disintegration that is if you go 30 years ago there were date. trees.

there were a lot of important activities going on here but it's not. a few 100 metres further on there is an abandoned pump the remains of a failed project years ago water was pumped up into a tank from deep in the ground the idea was to use the water to irrigate the airway says. the. commitment of. the government funded the project forward by who did it but the extreme heat and increasing numbers of sandstorms made the tank dry out leaving behind only salt to posits. what has happened here is not an exception 2 thirds of all over a season morocco have disappeared over the last 100 years.

a few kilometers away nicely old village has. the fortified cruiser with it for derby walls dates back many centuries. in the maze of alleyways halloumi leg now with one of its pier remaining residents . he says that only about 10 families still live here. on the moon. both of them have been. in the past it used to be home to more than 1000 people but most have now moved away. sand has crept into all of the

houses i use is one of the few who is prepared to try and stand in the way of the desert. well. i can only keep on saying it our problems stem from a lack of water. the nearby river dried out quite a long time ago. and as a result many people have left the village even the well of the mosque has run out of water. the younger people in particular are attracted to the big cities such as much cash casablanca and drop out only a small number remain but the key to feel you stop. nothing can stop for some. it is getting into caspar villages he drowned is the reason why people can't live here anymore. contented in everyday life. the problem is forcing them to leave the disease in. the desert is

on the march thanks to the rising temperatures decreasing rainfall and powerful storms it will ultimately take this cause. this war. for a boycott of the kind of work for us well. we leave her meat and drive some 50 kilometers through arid lands to the east where helen wants to show us a proper way sis. the 1st thing we hear is a sound that we haven't heard for a long time. water flows out into a channel pumped up from great depths so the palate plants.

it's used to yell a sense. and this is what a healthy oasis looks like a veritable forest. stuff palm trees. thank the precious water is quickly distributed by the finest immigration channel it's clear thanks. to critics question. then the good ship i mean if you were a lame says i waste this is like a paradise you know it provides shade and coolness for the fertile fields close to 2000000 moroccans still live in such oases between the atlas mountains i was a hurry to set. us down but this is a true ecosystem it functions on 3 different levels likely the. date palms provide

shade for the fruit trees and maintain provide shade for the vegetables but it looks like it is all based on the knowledge of our ancestors got to be the irrigation system to drop water or to start the part of the. day used to be an ideal crop for the return of the sugary sweet fruit is not very hard to grow but it does me 2 things heat and force at. thanks. for this green he says a well had to be told 100 meters down into the ground causing its own problems groundwater levels are increasingly dropping and the water that's drawn to the surface is salty as can be seen from the like deposits on the drainage ditches just in the long term that's poison for the oasis. stuff. that in one meeting. perhaps 7000 people still live here the one time away

settlement sunshine came. at the edge of the village there's a dried up riverbed the river drug used to run here one of the longest rivers in morocco. but since the dam was built in the high atlas mountains hardly any water flows south. the markings on the bridge are a reminder of better times now that there is little rainfall to this region is becoming less and less hospitable to humans through. it's mainly the old people who have stayed behind like the farmer hardy. the 61 year old has 11 children from his 3 wives with. most of

his children have left the region. this new guy is almost 40 percent of all moroccans according to research are considering leaving the country climate change is a driver for migration. you know i said no no you're ready for the road and there isn't any work here anymore. at least nothing that provides a living. all of the young people go to the cities to look for work our children have also gone and. they visit us maybe once a year because here you really can't earn anything. it is a simple hard life. money transfers from their grown up children help to keep them afloat. things were better in the past when they were able to sell their dates as far afield as mark s.

you can. be you know when our oasis was still green we had everything we needed and we lived very well we could grow all kinds of vegetables and we kept sheep but that's impossible now. will incite have the sand dunes hurt he tends to small vegetable garden it's all he has left. he is a subsistence farmer living from hand to mouth when he grows here is purely for his family's consumption. but the family doesn't know how long his garden will still bear fruit it all hinges on one thing water. has as well but drawing water is becoming more and more difficult and he's having to dig deeper and deeper.

there's less and less water by the day a little while ago we had to go 9 metres down to reach it now it's 16 metres and even there there's not enough water. oh sure there are a lot of them but look how the sand is threatening us it wants to encroach everywhere that's why i'm planting bushes like this to stop the sand from finding its way into our garden home i've got a lot of. history in the mud. but hardy is fighting a losing battle. sand dunes now stand right outside his house and a handful of palm trees are all that's left to remind him of the oasis.

in bygone times desert caravans used to stop off here on their way to timbuktu more recently it has attracted droves of tourists from all around the world. by runs a small cafe in the center of the village which has become a meeting place for visitors and locals to a certain extent it has become a little oasis in its own right with espresso and internet access. halim also acts as a tourist guide offering group tours in the sahara. the region is a favorite destination among more adventurous travelers with the way sea is drying up some people have turned to desert tourism as an alternative source of income.

next to the map are a few photos limbs father a highly regarded tribal chief and the young king mohammed the 6th the old photos evoke a time when water was not a problem in the oases. halim is keen to discuss the problem with scientist mary and 10 after. the trained chemist works as a climate researcher at the max planck institute in mines and at the university of casablanca. one study that she's worked on predicts that summer temperatures in north africa will rise twice as much as the global average. hotter the desert climate the worse in the future and especially in the summer the increase.

the chair will be also about $2.00 to $3.00 degrees. in the mine scenario. by 2050 up to 7 degrees in the worst scenario by the end of the century. satellite images captured by the european earth monitoring program kapan it has show the aces of how many surrounded by desert and animation shows how the vegetation has been changing over the last few years and fluctuations in rainfall and humidity. the higher temperature means that there will be more of operation from the soil less this cation means also less water in the site the combination of both will increase the stocks on each of those actually which has a huge impact on the crop output activity and then there's additional dynamics in the song. for the activity can fall under. 35 percent.

is aware of this vicious circle he has experienced the encroaching desert sands firsthand. and the afternoon musicians gather outside his cafe. 2 on him has organized a smoothie for constrained the village. you know the. suppression of prevention whether it's you know going to gather with the young people he wants to help preserve the local culture that includes the hypnotically rhythmic no one music. and i know you're looking. at the back. i. think that.

this is our control heritage that we want to preserve. we would like to train young people to play modern music also to preserve our traditions. because they are threatened by today's consumerism but also by climate change as it leads to migration. was. taking. in our music is believed to have its roots in sub-saharan africa a legacy of the black slaves transported along the transom her in-tray prince. with haleem we head south still home to morocco as remaining traditional nomad

communities but their future too is at risk from climate change. after just a few kilometers a limb stops by a tree. he shows us the skeleton of a young candle which probably starve to death. and it's far from being the only one camels and dromedaries are extremely frugal creatures but even for them it's more and more difficult to find sufficient food. to move. this is part of our new reality camel house represent which is when 23 or 10 camels die and lose a large part of their wealth so their traditional way of life is disappearing

before. they carry on through a barren stony landscape until we reach a chain of mountains and a large herd of camel. yep. yep yep yep. there is a dried up riverbed and a little better taishan where the animals can graze. on the camels are being looked after by young men like hermie. their owners used to be known but they settled nearby long ago.

so. how many tales that finding places where the camels can graze remains difficult and they have no choice but to buy fodder for the animals. the lives of the camel drivers and herders are being transformed. maidana t. has left its mark here to more than 60 percent of morocco's nomads have already given up their nomadic life styles. this is partly down to the draw of modern comforts but it's also a result of climate change. thank the camel drivers spend the night in the open but don't have a tent. they are perhaps only $20000.00 traditional nomads left in

america and with every passing year their numbers continue 220000000 it's sad obviously. looks a little bit we grew up here in the south. but what we were used to no longer exists . i only feel good when my animals feel good i look we're in. a little bit. and so climate change is threatening an entire culture. so. i was one last look at the way says settlement of how meat is long. on the outskirts the village elders hold regular meetings in the shade of the poems they meet a yield of dates is a symbol for the problems of this endangered oasis. listening

to these men it becomes clear how creeping environmental changes linked to global warming have slowly undermined the foundations on which these people's lives have been built. the climate crisis has become an everyday reality. thank. you as the drought increases in severity it'll make things more and more difficult you can see how the palm trees are dying off how the desert is encroaching more and more and making the situation worse and worse and that's why most people have moved away and only a few people like us have stayed on. this is because of yes people have left because they couldn't. they couldn't ban not having anyone to really know. i have a well with a motorized pump. to keep it running i have to do that i can cover those costs with

farming and that's why we definitely need help. many of the wells are 20 meters deep but some people are drilling down 100 meters to get water but what comes out of those wells salty water but there's no point irrigating the fields with water it's useless how do you know. where the. limb demonstrates the water parks and innovation from the netherlands. is seedling is placed inside the biodegradable container and then planted into the soil. then the water box is filled up with water. with its own little individual water tank each plant has a better chance of surviving. the people here desperately hope that these trees will act as a barrier to hold back the desert. you have to live up. there but. it's

their last ditch attempt to defend their fields and gardens against the sahara. place just a few kilometers away of the deans of exit gotta they are the highest in america and attract many tourists. place here's a photo of though they may be these growing dunes are also false of nature to be reckoned with. players

who saw only a few 1000000000 and wish to cry me a song grown up like me happy most beautiful sand dunes here. and they have become a big tourist attraction look to be one that helped us when things started going downhill with the land. you see fast the desert is both a friend and an enemy it's rich but fragile at the same such a fragile room full. finding the right balance is crucial halim still holds out hope that humans and the deserts can continue to co-exist. place .

the soviet union secret plan. cliff 30 years before u.s. spy satellites found out what the. the russians were up to. the untold story of moscow's effort to win the space arrangement by putting a man on the moon. in 15 minutes. in the underlying climate change. summit assumes. people. want to do years do they have their future.

g.w. dot com african american cities the you can get. click. this is a new school life from berlin china tightens its grip on hong kong some people in the territory welcomed the new security law to be imposed by beijing but pro-democracy activists protests that it restricts freedoms and ends the one country 2 systems framework. also coming up the leaders of germany and france agree on.