just took a couple of drinks and spoke good. are they friends say wanted to be with you as your choice year 40 which it wasn't really a bullfight i'm up in the fitness new mission or are they kind of me going to drift of the fish feeling a little bit surreal pushed you to go with. what he's going to give the ship so i just. slot in your company were to charge him entry analyzes the difficult relationship between russia and the us and between their presidents how does their lazily and their dangerous mutual admiration affect the rest of the. system bullies trump including starts august 3rd on d. w. . illiam.

the following is neither a hoax nor a conspiracy do not adjust your computer telephone tablet or television we will be controlling all what you seen and hear and maybe even what you think so sit back relax and enjoy the world of government or bias. and less than 20 years the internet revolution has had a deep impact on human behavior than all other media so that today it even affects the way we think. the imagined and invented stories and even outright lies have become prominent in our media landscape how could this be. what underpins that popularity. why. is it that we've come to doubt expert

testimony. or. could it be that our brains are predisposed towards compelling nonsense. when the world wide web was invented in the 1990 s. it was imagined as a democratic space that would provide everyone direct access to all of human knowledge yet today it seems knowledge is being eclipsed by conviction and we are all at risk of being dragged down into a democracy of the gullible. to put the usual dream there's now a competition between information providers from professional journalists to anyone with a facebook or twitter profile to capture our finite attention that would put you generally get the job it would i never look at twitter and never comment on anything on twitter or facebook if you keep hearing on t.v. about something going viral so well together that when was the last time a you to

a comic change someone's of any and. the internet has profoundly changed how we communicate as well as the rooms of disseminating information. the value of truth and facts has been diminished online opinions are ranked according to engagement so that a much liked facebook post commit more prominent than an encyclopedia entry. it if you don't like the popular content is a problem because that determines whether it can reach and attempt to convince me is going to become more important to see beauty do the likelihood of capturing people's attention is increased if you shape your content to follow the direction of the brain's natural bias ease of. the internet today is full of manipulation beliefs and superstitions. and the key culprit is not google facebook or even the illuminati but our very own brains. our mind sometimes lead us away from

objective reality they allow a number of shortcuts deviations from russia analyse that service entry points to so-called cognitive biases. these biases act on the way we think that bit like how an optical illusion fools the i but recognizing our little intellectual lapses is difficult for us as it would be for a person who was born blind to understand an optical illusion. take this checkerboard boxes a and b. are exactly the same shade of gray but even when the illusion is revealed we continue to feel there is some kind of trick. we can see just how powerful these effects are and magic magicians are masters of manipulation cognitive biases. are. set so low that if we removed all

biases it would be very difficult to make magic come to life that it probably wouldn't be perceived as magic but as special effects the true emotion we feel the sense of wonder we have watching magic i'm not sure there would be any of that left without our inherent biases that. magician luke creator allusions that seem to defy the laws of physics. he does so also by exploiting our natural inclination to believe. also so i think over time the human brain created certain shortcuts that enable us to be more efficient but which also lead to errors of perception. cognitive biases may make us more efficient in everyday life but they explode online. here our natural weaknesses are exploited. and has poke the democracy of the

gullible just out of a well known sociologist from the paris did or university has dissected the various biases in our brains that influence our judgment on the internet starting with doubt. loot the downstairs fundamental especially in democracies people have a fundamental right to doubt things from official communications to scientific proposals but as i follow painfully learned the seeds of doubt can be easily planted sometimes just for the sake of doing so. if the right to doubt is not accompanied by jus diligence it's a real threat to democracy. on the internet doubt is amplified by countless untrustworthy sources and although there are tools to check the truth of posts few people make that effort. by example for example you don't a priori believe that a man never walked on the moon. just

because we did have probably saw it on t.v. and so forth but by utilizing doubts we can tell you a story that will lead you step by step to a conclusion that seems completely unlikely at 1st. the belief that neil armstrong never set foot on the moon is untenable the u.s.s.r. would have been delighted to denounce even the slightest deception it was easy for them to aim their antennas towards the moon to confirm or refute the transmission. and for those who say a satellite could have broadcast the images from space remember that in 1969 a 100 megabyte disk weighed a ton and the saturn 5 rocket may have been able to transport the d.v.d. into space but would have had no room left for

a player to play it on. board affairs. in 20092012 evidence from indian chinese and american probes put an end to the room as she will need to do to if you were to doubt everything you couldn't live view for example you'd say i know i'll burn my hand if i put it close to a fire because i've already done that but what about my fruit my head i haven't tried those yet let that i see. how covenant of biases and our emotions influence reasoning is a subject of great interest to is about that she's a professor at the university have to beg a tough year. they didn't care how many doubt allows us to reassess our beliefs but at the same time when we don't abandon everything because of one example that contradicts what we believe. we have a tendency to characterize and categorize things that are actually on the moon oil spills off a tree near us. we have an innate predisposition to attend to human

faces this is crucial for recognising people. but the same bias can lead us to question facts and believe in the presence of for example an ancient civilization on mars. and that's our void in mash our brain is a sense made on machine so it is not surprising that we have difficulty accepting coincidence as an explanation yet when we see you know clash a cloud in the sky of course there's no unicorn there but our brains superimposes that impression. and we see those types of cognitive processes often if at any point you saw them all and. if we asked a person whether they would use the numbers 12345618 lot or retake it fits most would say no because they'd feel they wouldn't win on this i don't look at things

especially if yes on the guy. we constantly encounter content that exploits our difficulties in understanding statistics and probabilities i dismiss all of coincidence as explanation influences our preferences in the tarrant of information . but they love the deregulation of the information market in china some of our minds natural slopes for example if you have one chance in a 1000 of hitting the bull's eye with a dart it's only extraordinary if you hit it if you haven't tried a 1000 times. the need for the manipulation is to ignore the sample size amid the 999 tries that failed film the one that succeeded and say he's incredibly talented isn't here quietly more doing this. so these days we are ceaseless lee alerted to very low risks and that has turned us into a society of hypochondriacs something that may have been useful in the past but is

now cumbersome. for example we have retained our craving for sugar despite the consequences this has for our bodies such biases and heritage from our ancestors and not defects pressac. on not only want that long ago certain bias ease were arguably extremely useful let's say you lived in a hostile environment if you heard a rustling in the bushes it would be better to overestimate the risk and run because if you don't you might not be around long enough to tell the tale and pounce on your genetic code you would continue to but in the jungle of the internet overestimating refs can lead to troubling results. so conspiracists often think that when 2 events occur at the same time it's not a coincidence obviously there's a correlation is not the same as causation but if things are related people see causality. each and her studied physics before specializing in the history of

science he's particularly interested in the evolution of critical thinking. skills like on the last city shows it it was something as on laws that destroying it is like killing i was it had its knack it's an infinite terrorists there's a law that says if it takes this much energy to create credit it'll take $100.00 times more to destroy it legally. a lot this law was formulated by a better put and an italian program in 2013. a lot of legit egypt. shit. list with next year got equal to about that it must either said that he studied. frontally the formulation of this principle after observing at least a former prime minister silvio berlusconi lie on television without anyone being able to set the record straight. not now but i think they might

say. that. this principle is used and to be used by scammers conspiracists and a growing number of politicians. on a market where we say everyone has a right to speak which is good and everyone thinks the truth which is another thing our minds including mine will be tempted to accept that which resembles truth even if it contradicts the actual truth like we all know we have a mental tendency to accept the latest conspiracy theory wave after wave ag 70 or. so we might begin by being wary of palm oil and rightly or wrongly hopeful that brings us to another science research is about something entirely different israel's role in the terrorist attacks for example this aggregates into a multi-layered construct which is intimidating even for those who do not believe it and. when they spit in the early to thousands we still hopes that

the internet would spread massive amounts of knowledge but that hasn't happened at all. citron boarded it's a funny type of democracy it's what i call the democracy of the gullible yes it's true the internet is democratizing because it gives everyone access to public space but while some voter 1000 times others never voted at all and often those who vote most carry the strongest and most radical convictions and beliefs do quite y'all swaddle had to sit on a where you generally associate with those who think like our cities and view those who don't as fools young someone things like us often we tend to believe they're intelligent but they're someone it would be nice to have coffee with them or yeah this is exactly what's happening on the internet except much worse. as opinions are polarized into opposing camps diversity of viewpoints and nuances disappear.

small highly motivated groups often attract so many clicks that their positions appear to be much more representative than they really are. there is a tyranny of minorities who are louder than others unfortunately tyrannies know how to exploit the apathy of good reasonable people. today it's astonishing how conspiracy theories use highly technical arguments in a wide variety of fields. 'd said i can really desire you accumulate arguments that have nothing to do with each other and which are all quite weak but bundled together the unprepared mind thinks they can't all be false. that's why conspiracy theories all the anti vaccine movement have such persuasive power that it's not that people believe each and every argument but there are so many of them. young that there are no. mental shortcuts

help our brains save energy but they also need to biases such as the least effort principle which make us an easier target. early to rule isn't conspiracy theories have existed for a long time in human imagination that we're not. rehashing is an internet speciality since all fake news is quickly forgotten it can be used again this fresh news a few months later. unlike us the internet never forgets. and that better move do you know since the internet has transformed an oral tradition into a written one at a cookie and with the copy paste function it's easy to distribute silly nonsense. that is going to go to uni. it's like a dialogue of the deaf when a small group like the $911.00 truth there's still believes the fall of the twin towers was a government conspiracy. you do it to. also

believe that it's impossible for an inexperienced pilot to fly a boeing with control because a video gamer fail to do so is far from reality when you saw it once in the air when flying is almost child's play secret you could train a chimpanzee to do it. furthermore no one had ever seen an aircraft crash at full speed into one of the most solid buildings ever built originally pentagon that good. to get excited it's pointless to argue with those who believe in conspiracy theories such as that the american government deciding illions. the mainstream media shouldn't feed off twitter but report only legitimate news and not engage with things that are pure don't you remember the oh shit. the least effort principle might be seen as the father of all biases being lazy can

be useful and we can all be a bit gullible on the. this we don't have the power to completely disconnect from our prior knowledge and. hopes and emotions. we don't almost always biased or read for us this information we don't isn't necessarily that it serves a function it reduces the difficulty of processing our environment. it the fact there are 2 ways to accomplish a reasoning task one is more in shoes with automatic and faster and demands less continuity of juice the other exercises reasoning and reflection and requires more competent resources. you know not to too far is a great article saying that 70 percent of internet users only read headlines and to prove it the body was in placeholder text so many people shared it saying 70 percent of internet users only read headlines. is this kind of reduction in if it

is frightening gleeful most of all so our brains are lazy in general we go through every day life and belief mode. and belief mode has advantages over knowledge because it doesn't require much effort we just believe. it's. the belief about cam trails it imagines a conspiracy whereby the american government and the pharmaceutical industry use airlines to spread toxic substances to poison people and influence world affairs. the main suspects are human reptile hybrids and more luminati a young creature easy to mean that. there are many erroneous beliefs that don't have any knock on effects people believe the sun moves around the earth it's what they see every day the sun rises in the east and sets in

the west the scientific truth here is a tract so it was fiction videotapes that have been that they could you share let's not worry about such in consequential beliefs we should focus on those beliefs that have consequences. if a group wants to change the law because they believe in camp trails that's something we should deal with all the good by. everyone has opinions i always say twitter and facebook are really just part talk all this that on a global scale. that given the past bartók always stayed at the bar where as now our nonsense is put on twitter and broadcast to the world. on a boat even the most intelligent person in the world could still be fooled by a magician ask because that person does not have access to all the information religion has. which can lead to the impression of precedence or tell it will take all the spontaneous appearance of an object an object or call it is over there is

always a trick i'm convinced that even albert einstein could have been taken in by magic we know there's a trick but we like to forget while watching the real order. unlike the internet we do not have unlimited resources the principle of least effort makes us accept easy explanations we only see what we want to see and we adopt the majority view. that all the vision we invent a magic trick we create those conditions ultimately we for the brain and make it draw false conclusion falls. the fact that out of fault is to rely on automatic cognitive processes allows the internet to make use of anything that is likely to deceive. the spread of computer viruses and online scams are good examples as these largely play on our instinctive

biases of parliament that it takes a similar skill set to plan a bank robbery as to come up with a trick that puts a cell phone inside a bottle of doubles and what they call this ng in computer science a virus is generally a program designed to acknowledge asleep on a computer or a small sort of the door when it seems changed from street to. deal with to parking lots but i think people are more. plugged into. since world. war 2. really one person found a proxy not because you were. magic is often associated with scams because we use similar tactics. the simplest advice which sadly is seldom followed is to carry out updates. the least effort principle is a boon for scam artists we rarely change default settings and often use predictable passwords. faster best so i don't think anyone is 100 percent protective we all

have subconscious prejudices we all have things we believe or want to believe while any one of us can be formed by a scammer who pulls the right straight and appears at the right moment while. computer experts have more information than most of us. we sometimes forget that storing data in the cloud actually mean sending it to massive data centers. because data there are many many websites that talk about ken trades the lochness monster and such. let's consider how many sites internet users may visit to learn about a subject of course who devote most wanted look at more than 30 odd jobs so if we take the top 30 sites listed on google search and look at how many support a particular belief forget how many argue it out from

a rational point of view and how many a neutral act like we find that 70 percent of those sites will support a belief with this heat quiesce. cognitive biases help us turn our fear of the unknown or we have a tendency to adopt the 1st belief that fills a void. more like it when you ask someone whether they're superstitious most will say no that's you it's been shown that superstition is related to uncertain situations that our brain is trying to control our environment that's probably one reason why we've survived this well. to make sense out of a disturbing event people and situations where they are losing or of lost control or more easily rely on beliefs superstitions and conspiracy. these. in everyday life the feeling of losing control often translates into accept just

touching wood for luck consulting horoscopes or exploring new beliefs. is the owner of a specialist boutique in quebec that serves an ever growing demand. for an additional salami called we are other bands we cannot control in our lives. i believe that when we are more balanced it's easier to navigate these moments. i don't think i wrote a song. rather that direction like. superstitions have long roots 2 millennia after ptolemy no one has updated the zodiac although the constellations have moved on most people who believe they were born under the sign of virgo for example probably want. to be able to discern evaluate we generally need to have something else to compare

it to so if there is an object being sold for 20 although it's normally worth for a normal brain will feel this is a good deal right. the tricky trimborn a focus we can call an anchor bias. according to the anchor bias we rely heavily on the 1st piece of information we receive this goes beyond economics. professor of cognitive sciences after a storm is especially interested in and curative theories as children we tend to form our own theories about the world that are meant to explain every day events around us but aren't necessarily accurate they don't necessarily comply with the scientific view of the world but these intuitive ideas never go away that are suppressed. and if a person is burdened under time pressure or has a lot on their mind this intuitive understanding re-emerges.

it took us a lot longer to say that a plant was alive than to say an animal is alive because plants don't move so our earliest understanding of a live just meant something that can move on its own. with the confirmation we have developed a series of automatic responses that make us more efficient as we go through daily life. visiting a country which is a very different culture we can feel that we experience cognitive pity because we are constantly having to learn such expectations and our knowledge of very useful to function on a daily basis. cognitive laziness does not necessarily translate to lack of energy on the contrary believers often increase their efforts to solidify their belief so . true believers a move motivated than the average citizen and because they are more driven by occupy the spaces left empty in the deregulated information markets are empty

chairs in this market and good. use of that produces a terrible effect this tyranny of minorities can convince people who are undecided to side with them. another powerful effect on line is conformity conformity is an active part of confirmation bias members of a homogenous group will ruthlessly reject any aliment that does not conform to their collective beliefs. yes the internet is extraordinary but we must be able to train people so that in the future they can read the internet. because i do the bending utensils trick often because i know that some people think it really is possible imagine that it's in our collective imagination because of everything that happened around. because of what they've seen in films that allows them to dream. believing in fantasies helps us to fill cognitive forwards and may make us feel

like we're privy to a secret like we're one of the initiators. a good example is the discussion surrounding the many theories about how internet monuments were built. a few times the base of the great pyramid of t is that a badge by its height gives roughly $3.00 dividing the large circle around the base by the small circle where then gives the speed of light and then there's the golden ratio one wonders who designed these. age groups the ones who get most of their information online a younger people get the old and they're also the most likely to believe what they read online or not down it. i couldn't imagine my life without the internet that's for sure i mean books are good but work appears like unlimited books. face twitter and snap chat give me

a buzz so. most of the information on facebook isn't necessarily credible. but young people don't come here to buy magazines i buy no more magazines newspapers no more. who are my actual 10 years young man around but younger than that no pollution no. the key is proportions have a factor of 2.64755 that of the pair met squared 7 the number of virginity we find pi again and the speed of light so who designed this mysterious kiosk in paris. our company tobias as help us filter in part to avoid cognitive overload. these mental watchdogs are not so much essential as they are never going to. get on the internet

and a manner of filtering is quickly seen as control propaganda and concealment. this information market was once regulated by gatekeepers by guardians of the threshold but usual which is to say journalists politicians academics and a whole series of people who were trusted to disseminate information republics places to. the internet anyone can express their opinions to the world directly and that's good. but in the nixon era we were lucky that there were honest players within a society of the spectacle that says it did this big that we're not really in there members today there isn't even a spectacle today it's a society of ads about a spectacle. based soon you draw least when you have. any journalist academic or writer who has tried to expose or criticize these things

that any given moment on themselves immediately accused of being part of a conspiracy. when things go viral we really check the content against expert testimony before believing that. our cognitive biases discourage us from investing the time and effort. by a lot of skill in the past when we. in the book we knew that someone had taken the trouble to write it edit it and to get it published studies it was of the studio has a process that if you're posting on social networks is something you can do with one hand on your smartphone on a bus or another to visit. about the 1st battle the battle for attention has been won. we're in an attention economy where the amount of the brain time you can bring to your site is monetized the available information available has greatly increased since the early 2000 us feel. the need

to preview c.d.'s on the condition it is an intermediate and you know what they say about men with small arms. if you have to speak very loudly and one way of speaking loudly in the information economy is to make outrageous statements that the 2nd amendment people maybe there is are. deregulated information market also means tension radicalised discourse and the uncomfortable feeling of living in a society where everyone is shouting it because i. was clear that political debates in the us but not only in the us tend towards hysteria to stay busy. nothing we can receive better than playing on public opinion and for instance disseminating accusations about

politicians sex life or secret photos the futile so even if these aren't accomplished the damage is done maybe mally feel political fights seem to have become battles for attention more than conviction. if you can fool people also for political ends i think the intellectual process is unfortunately very similar to misleading and deceiving people. that it's. traditionally journalists whether watchdogs have democracies. but can they hold on to this role in a virtual world and if not who will replace them. when it was your priests anonymous were not. and also thugs we are well romantics just human beings idealists who want to see a better future. as a young computer entrepreneur and a proud member of anonymous a movement striving to reclaim freedom of expression and the internet era he agreed

to be interviewed without a mask. suki disconcertingly saying that you don't need your communications to be private because you're not a criminal is similar to saying you don't need freedom of speech because you have nothing to say oh well stuart levey is it. anyone can. watch you can't return with. the dog where there's a place for the code for her to for research so if i gave. it's not a crime to have value so that's where the dark web is an attempt to regain independence and freedom of communication between humans. sure russia to be. the international russian t.v. network financed by the kremlin post all sorts of conspiracy theories originating in very ideological circles. russia to the.

door join that is what r.t.d. has often shown journalism that wins awards he. support. that maybe proves that the truth is not necessarily to be found in mainstream media. we distrust the media as the press or even scientific experts on certain issues. are politically motivated misinformation and disinformation further amplified feelings of mistrust and insecurity. it's like a hobby to do it if someone is hashanah to about collecting the champagne corks they can devote hours and hours to it i believe that here we are dealing with people who've gone crazy about their hobby who. continue to do it you can prove to glisten conspiracy theories doesn't mean that they don't exist. because no more of

your when we do it arouses extraordinarily violent reactions see it will go for insults and name calling to intimidation to actual threats this world of hollywood us. even versing with people you don't know one line who often use pseudonyms amplifies the violence of these exchanges it doesn't take long before you compare the other to hitler or a nazi as equal work. really settled that when charlie hebdo was attacked in france conspiracy theories were online just hours later. on january 7th on the day of the attack i logged more than 20 different conspiracy theories that you would you call broke 4 days later there were already more than 100 saw argument of you and you can prove. these i.q. valving myself man people who feel as if their integrity of this attack 20 also feel their fundamental belief that the world is

a safe place has been shall kill i'm only down on the security. descend from a sham can maintain a state of denial it gives us the impression that we have regained a certain amount of control allowing us to keep our faith and our strongest convictions. nourse you see if we listen to the media we end up hating ourselves as muslims and each other. scripture i prefer to believe in conspiracy theories i found sources but i can't cite them i'm a muslim and i don't want to believe those people can kill in the name of god if what little is. a little wrists of a psychological intuition about what their actions provoke in people. to kill physical labor how this kind of terror shakes the fundamental belief that one needs to have to live in our societies the confidence that our lives will not be menaced every day and our she actually will move toward a loss of control bias can have

a direct impact on other types of beliefs such as on the belief in conspiracies. by conforming you can give in to an idea and feel that it has always been your truth but big like a revelation it will never going to give you last year you functioning spirity theories can be consoling i don't like this reality so find another and flee parlaying support claim that we don't have a truth problem with u.t. it's a trust it probably feels. to paraphrase brenda lee needs no it takes a fasten times more effort to reestablish trust them to shake it. instant access to all of human knowledge has paradoxically brought us to a place where we have devoting less and less time to being one of informed and fewer people are paying heed to scientific fact. on that was that they did it for we all have cell phones but few people really understand how they work it's a bit like magic of them as weak see it as

a full metal mixing up serious facts with crazy information to excite certain natural tendencies in our minds just because we say what's this story about giants they've discovered skeleton really well and if we don't believe it we want to see the fake photos to keep it up. we must be wary of what we call the authorities all white coat effect you appear on t.v. in a white lab coat and all of a sudden you have more authority. if it comes from a site no one has heard of but ask yourself there are other sites talking about this if it's unbelievable spectacular news in just one side is talking about it it's a spacious. split series if you know me to state that there's a limo shitty part orbiting mars or pluto well then it's up to you to prove it it's not for me to say no there's not i can't prove that it doesn't exist if it is true but. however those adapted conspiracy theories leave it to others to refute their beliefs planting doubt is enough for them. as you believe that

humans could have rubbed shoulders with dinosaurs is easier to swallow than the fact that mice and elephants have a common ancestor the creationist movement uses this belief to joyfully discredit the evolution of the species yes you need some creationists have made it into universities and swear in the name of science that you badly photoshop photos of storks could be terrible. to hell with science films and cartoons loved the idea of rubbing shoulders with dinosaurs. but you know as soon as there's a division of knowledge i have to trust my colleagues otherwise i'd have to always repeat every experiment which is impossible because he has fulfilled that you feel i think we need to recognize differences and constantly distinguish we need to reestablish hierarchies where there is a tendency to level all sources of information onto the same plane of focus who can give. decent information market revolution has to be accompanied by an education

revolution to develop truly critical minds. we all have cognitive biases they are present within us no matter how intelligent or educated we are. own people and extinguish the part of our brains that loves to discover things that is curious and loves to grow. i know it exists exists. perhaps the internet paradox is just a pendulum effect between knowledge and belief there are young people who are creatively reinventing networks of qualitatively valuable knowledge but for now without cognitive bias says i need to figure of a critical mind can protect us from the trap of the democracy of the gullible.

it's quite as simple as it seems. to understand the world better we need to take a closer. experience not to. be totally.

genuine fiction or deception. photo editing software distorts what is real. civilities for. the new truth. you're going to want to fishel estimates more than 1200000 venezuelans more than colombia legally and illegally. live returned to venezuela. to visit friends i don't think i'd ever go back there to live you know where i live there again i don't know so i'm not sure. witness global news that matters. made for mines.

but the c.w. news live from berlin the us president goes out west to celebrate the nation's birthday in a time of crisis. president trying to celebrating the eve of this year's 4th of july holiday at the mount rushmore monument in south dakota but local native americans are afraid that the abend could lead to an outbreak of the coronavirus and their fragile community also on the program. archaeology underwater flood it came.