and to discover nature and culture using muscle power to get. through to minutes on. its way to bring you more conservation. how do we make cities greener how can we protect habitats we can make a difference the region. mental series acutely falls on to w. and all morning. and car accidents women are far more likely to suffer serious injuries than men that's according to a study it turns out that safety designs are mainly based on the male 50. half the world's population is female that's nearly 4000000000 people yet our models and references are based on the average men not the average human. for instance

medications are often only tested on men. and women are also under represented in most fields of science. why is that. this time we look at the gender gap welcome to tomorrow today your science show on d w. science aspires to be universal but there are many ways in which social and cultural bias can creep in. of 100 researchers and science and technology just 28 of the male and the numbers decline among the korea that. our. set out to find out more about gender inequality in science. have you ever wondered what this is or this. since i've been pregnant i've come

across a lot of weird stuff. this barbie scientist doll for example it's supposed to help girls explore science and engineering. by constructing a spinning clothes rack and a pink washing machine. is it really necessary to pinker fi science to get girls interested in stem why do women still make up less than 30 percent of scientists globally. i want to understand where the gender gap in science comes from there appear to be many reasons. you know the old what do you think it means you can't be. really can you really do all that. talking to christina

a common cliché crops up girls are just not naturally into science and tech. but a recent study showed that a lot of girls actually do love science at least at 1st but then their interest wanes. why is that. kristina things that has to do with how science is presented in society as a subject that is really hard and basically suited to man. what you grew up in. what you grew up with such knowledge you would eventually not want to pursue science subjects because you were already of the mind that very hard what christina describes is known as a stereotype threat for example if someone makes you believe you're bad at math you actually will be. here you are trying to reach your dreams and then somebody else

comes in and questions it just because of your gender so now use that thinking so was it a mistake to be born a woman or what am i supposed to do now that i'm already a woman should ages to get a degree i mean should a tissue to another major should a remaining senses so it kind of gives you a lot of questions in your mind and you think you're right. in this way the narrative that men are just better at science than women becomes self-fulfilling prophecy. does this effect all stem subjects what about for example deanna texel runs a research project called fix it fixing i t for women her question why are more men drawn to i t and how can we change that. within the i think my opinion inspiring girls to study computer science cannot happen by starting the 85000 girl front and saying we'll do a project and will inspire the girls by taking a pink robot also i think for india india for life can tell you in my opinion it's

about asking the question what happens in computer science that so few girls arrived and so few women today that. count on life. for deana what keeps girls and women out of a team is not a lack of interest but in an welcoming environment. for her change will only come if the culture within is addressed. it's a culture that subconsciously depicts men as the norm and women as a deviation from that norm a female scientist. a little old male. why should you call me a female bank it kind of feels like i lost supposed to be a scientist in the 1st place so if you want to just be called scientists. creating . products just for girls won't at vance women in stem because building pink

household products teaches me that real science is not for me confirming the very stereotype it's set out to dispel instead we need to address girls' negative perception by showing them that women pulled long in science just like math in part 2 we'll look at some real life rome models. some countries have seen more progress in much of latin america as well as russia and eastern europe about half of all stem researchers are women. western europe the us and many other parts of the world way behind. even though more women are entering the sciences and advancing in their profession when it comes to the image of a scientist with still stuck in the past. honest when you hear the word scientist what kind of person comes to mind someone like

this maybe. or this or this. notice what they all have in common. why are there twice as many men as women in science worldwide. as part of my mission to understand the reasons for the gender gap in science i've come to 5 in the southwest of germany. my former university town has always presented itself as an international and progressive location for science. but after talking to scientists here one thing soon became clear. we have it or they are going to the starting. but there it's a sound almost as they please so when you come up for example for there have been

it is some process where your professor said will go down from 50 percent to the north atlantic percent. so the further you go up the career ladder the fewer women you'll find. this widening gender gap has been dubbed the leaky pipeline why is it that more women than men drop out of stem studies. i talked to scientists from different disciplines and countries to find out what made them stay what they all had in common was an especially strong will to succeed and a person in their lives who supported them. if you look at orlando's and you should think your box what you see are done that reflects on you when maybe a lot of women don't believe you can go there because there are not that many of them already there so i think i'm a woman who would be yes and your positions the more young you know the younger generation would singletary i've seen i've seen them there are there so i can do

a. study supports sophie's there e. girls are almost twice as likely to show an interest in stem fields if they have role models there. it's odd but even when i try to think of female role models in stem i have trouble picturing anyone other than marie curie. and yet throughout history there have been countless female scientists whose stories have gone i'm told by some accounts only 5 percent of recorded history dating back 3500 years is devoted to women that doesn't add up haven't women always made up 50 percent of the population why are so few ringback of them represented in science. this is talk of math not science it's never neutral because science is always interlinked into the. society and which science is happening and i'm. a scientist

doesn't happen in a vacuum and that's why science is always influenced by what values and norms prevail in our society what things are conceivable unsayable at all. and. if we travel further back in time a different picture emerges around 90 percent. between around 40005000 b.c. . in archaeological records women are well represented. in the transition from prehistory to the historical period women's voices and perspectives tended to fade what happened. one theory is that with the expansion of civilization the power balance in society has shifted. in favor of men.

they became the ones who wrote the history books meaning women were literally written out. to this day academia and the media largely position men as the experts. in the united states found that almost 63 percent representatives in the media were male and only 37 percent female. all male panels seminars and events are so frequent that anything else often feel strange. if i could think and i am what i was recently in a review panel and in this panel of different disciplines and different subject areas we were 50 percent women and as we all sat down at the round table at 1st the men felt that almost under represented they almost started counting whether they really represented 50 percent that's fine if it was a completely odd situation because none of us ever felt we were on a committee with such

a high percentage of women on. this anecdote made me realize something important to close the gender gap in science we need to promote gender balance at all levels of society and for this to happen female figures need to find their way back into the spotlight. that applies to science the media and especially the history books. because if we miss out on the stories of women in the past we risk neglecting them in the future. we asked you on facebook about your experiences with the gender gap in the sciences . or what he knew from indonesia what matters is the results whether they're from a man or woman. rode

from mexico says that ironically inequality is the result of personal choice while men choose careers in the sciences women freely decide in favor of other fields. diana from argentina sees things differently she writes i have a 7 year old daughter t.v. shows intended for. girls are all about fashion and baking t.v. shows for boys are about mechanics were both sex and science it's very difficult for girls to maintain an interest in science when society keeps pushing them down the pink path. the same thing happens to boys in some fields. that's all your comments. even machines have picked up on gender bias for example a recruitment tool under development by a major tech company gave top ratings almost exclusively to white men the algorithm

had learned that male candidates were more likely to be hired and so it discarded the women's resumes so much for machine objectivity. and in other fields such as medicine data crunching can also disadvantage women. for years suffered from sudden episodes of chest tightness that felt a lot like a heart attack. i had to approach the issue i was suddenly find myself short of breath it was so bad i felt like i was about to suffocate it felt like i was wearing a corset that was far too tight so that i couldn't breathe a kind of. sometimes i'd find myself opening the window in a panic sticking my head out of the window and gasping for breath like this. and it didn't get any better based on over the years i went to a doctor and the emergency room for help the cardiologists tested her for coronary artery conservation a mark of heart disease that's common in men as it turned out she had

a form of heart disease that's far more frequent in women but had doctors didn't test for it that even today cardiology tends to have a male bias. that was told that her symptoms was psychosomatic. i was finally told quite directly that my problem was in my mind i've been to see a doctor story many times and they didn't find anything so it had to be so. that was the diagnosis and i wasn't given any help dealing with art that was all for. doctor. has been battling gender bias in health care for years she says women are more likely to be misdiagnosed or have their diagnosis delayed. it's an ethical question too it's not just a question of equality in health care it's a question of quality as well of course women in germany and europe and around the world have the right to quality health care that's one of the goals of gender

medicine. gender bias is already a factor during medical training research on sex based differences in health have been slow to find their way into the medical curriculum. that's true when it comes to medication to. most older drugs were only tested on men even today were women are enrolled in clinical studies one reason that cited is that women could become pregnant and the drug could harm the developing fetus even most of the mice used in clinical studies a male it's claimed that female mice are subject to hormonal fluctuations that kind of effect our drug works so wouldn't it be better to incorporate both sexes equally in clinical studies. much excess that's where policy makers need to step in. the end the national institutes of health in the us provide a great deal of research funding they said that all funded research must include

both sexes we're still a long long way off from here in germany and. at the university of vienna all of our vets are studying how differences between men and women can affect drug activity his team is one of the few that studied the impact of the sex of the cell lines used in pharmaceutical research. our research is. shown that many processes particularly those that relate to implementation on immune function or regulation differently in men and women that's why it's really very important to determine which response is the key one in women which is key and then we need to make sure the pharmaceutical substances take those differences into account. most men have an x. y. sex chromosomes pair most women have x. x. hormonal differences also have an impact women are on average smaller and lighter have more body fat and less muscle mass their metabolism can also operate

differently that's why it can take longer for women to metabolize some pharmaceutical substances that's led many to suspect that recommended dosage is often too high for women it's known that women are twice as likely to suffer from side effects as men. that's why researchers say dosage recommendations for drugs should take both sexes into account. after years of unexplained symptoms pariset ended up seeing richard becker a cardiologist at a hospital near our home he quickly realized what was going on he routinely carries out a diagnostic test that can identify spasms in the coronary arteries it's a form of angina that's more common in women and it often goes under like nosed because doctors are conditioned to search for the forms of heart disease that are most common in men. even though the necessary test isn't difficult only a few hospitals in germany offer it as part of

a routine cardiac work up that's one reason why baca founded a center for women's heart health a move that raised eyebrows among some of his colleagues. are not happy on the scent of a fallen hats and when we founded the women's heart center year and a half ago many of my colleagues were amused. a highly respected senior cardiologist even said that focusing on women's hearts was frivolous. that shows that there's still not enough awareness about these issues. that's despite the fact it's long been known that men and women are different when it comes to heart disease. about 80 percent of men who saw her heart attack experience typical symptoms such as acute chest pain that's true with only 60 percent of women . they're more likely to have a stomach ache noisier vomiting and extreme fatigue women are more likely to suffer from heart conditions that are not easy to identify using standard diagnostic

procedures such as an e.c.g. or cardiac catheterization. and when they have a heart attack women are about 20 percent more likely to die than men. prescribed medication for and it worked and she no longer experiences the angina episodes as a spy and if it was a huge relief 1st of all because professor baca was able to tell me this is your diagnosis we can help you and you can live a long and healthy life with this because i finally knew i wasn't crazy all these years i wasn't simply imagining it it was real. i was fortunate but proper medical treatment for women shouldn't just be a matter of luck. in many studies the reference model is actually a reference man he's one around 30 years old and weighs around 70 kilos that's the

default used to set many standards thermostats in offices and trains are said to men's preferences leaving women out in the cold all cost safety based on male crash test dummies women drivers are nearly 20 percent more likely to die in an accident but in some fields at least change is on the way. for police officers the proper protective gear can spell life or death this bavarian riot police unit needs a lot of protective equipment like bullet proof or ballistic vests before they can . it to buying they spend months testing them today it's christina marina's term as a reason i thought we were 3 of us last time we're trying out some new best today will test several different suppliers for functionality and fit. and so what we've done it most we had our measurements taken and the vests were tailored for us individually. we're testing them today to see if they really do fit perfectly for

an apostle have effect us. personally tailored vests like these aren't available in every police force but if the protective garments don't fit well the officers are less likely to wear the. female officers in particular often struggle fitting vests. we've got the outer vests on and we'll just take a walk to see how they fit look. ill fitting ballistic vests are dangerous in many ways they're designed has long overlooked the anatomical differences between men and women but that can be a major safety issue. has traditionally been minute because if you have a larger post you could find there's a spot where the vest isn't protecting you when you mean fight. if the vest isn't properly fitted to the chest it can shift and potentially create a gap under the arms this gap between the front and back sections of the leaves

part of the upper body unprotected. to see if the shoulders and everything's working well so far from to. the women's vests are specially shaped to accommodate their figures. as these beliefs look in my plates designed to 50 each woman's cops were seen so there's no pressure you know exactly to give the chest a bit more space. you shouldn't wear an underwire bra right. as i have one on now and i don't have any. problems with that. kind of will be when it turns out that wearing an underwire bra could be dangerous for police officers the impact of a bullet could break the wire and cause it to pierce the skin some police forces now advise their female officers not to wear underwire bras all ballistic vest suppliers are also required to offer trauma planes they absorb the impact of any

projectiles which helps protect sensitive areas including but this trauma plates aren't always supplied. and it folks and if work doesn't provide them then people don't usually buy one for themselves so i think what i meant to say to quit especially because we have the level for all my fair lady dicey situations. one such dicey situation is about to be simulated ok blog is here's the drill gunshots have been reports of the school for the reports of mention casualties you're the 1st responders no no sir can stop under strain the assailant ok ok. this is a simulation of a terrorist attack so the officers put on a 2nd heavier passed on top of the vest that they're testing today. christine and the arena now have to vests on one on top of the other and everything still needs to fit correctly police officers where the lighter vest touring the

normal duty either above their uniform or underneath if they're going under cover they protect against stabbings and gunshots. and heavy outer vest is to protect them against shots from higher caliber weapons you know i . wouldn't. and drill a life threatening incident could happen at any time without warning so it's better if you've rehearsed it that includes testing the best in case this is the one we pay. as much as anything before they need to be tested in advance and going up and down stairs. it's a good method through and she said so i think it's really well done margaret you just notice the weight on top from the level 4 vast. christina and lorraine though will keep the ballistic masts for the next few weeks then they'll be put to the final test in the line of duty. that's all for this edition of tamara today thanks for watching join us again next

week for more science stories good bye and see you soon.

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you in the real push you the bully but he's usually what he's going to get more for jeff donald trump running your pretty were 2 part documentary analyzes the difficult relationship between russia and the us and between their presidents how does their rivalry and their dangerous mutual admiration affect the rest of the. prism bullies. starts august 3rd on d w. that's a state away in news and these are our top stories croatia's governing conservatives are projected to win the country's parliamentary elections ahead of the center left social democratic party neither as expected to gain an outright majority making a coalition government likely that could leave room for the nationalist homeland movement led by a popular folks.