haas in white manages that without hurting himself and then yannick center of it only gets it done as well. the point and the small socially distance crowd share. an hour when the 1st round 1st round match of a new pandemic exhibition china. you're watching v.w. now don't forget you can get all the latest on our website at c w dot com you can follow us on twitter and instagram too at the end it's i'm kyra james and ben thanks so much for joining us. a meal and i'm good welcome to the 2nd season of on the fence. the planet on the brink of disaster we just long in-depth interviews with experts about one question how to leave change so long as it is.

life in the post factual age. social networks spread fake news perceived truths in just seconds there are no filters or fact checks. the line between truth and lies has become blurred. u.s. president donald trump is one of the most famous generators of fake news just about every day he posts a lot on the internet. there's one thing that's absolutely fascinating about trump's case. unequivocally backs what he says i know that he rejects every bit of expert knowledge or system of extra no verification such as archives facts images and the raw. he's you know he just says he knows it

because he feels it is something. i think we have something very very important politics is a liars game a dishonest business. i did not. sexual relations. there all along as. the members of the public condemned the lying but they don't behave any better themselves. miller is an average guy and certainly less than honest. he feels every day. troubling your beautiful.

johnny said my dress oh of course. it's really i know it's tight i know it fits is if it will make for you because. unlike the lies the politicians mueller's dishonest compliments are not intentional deceptions . is a tasty and wonderful thanks. for being there months out but if someone tells you they've been to the hairdresser and they ask you how their new haircut looks and you think oh dear but say your house is great but it isn't then that's a problem i'd fear not and i would not lie because you're aiming somehow to help maintain the other person's self esteem sense that. researchers call those white or socially positive lives social conventions belong to this group inc. by midmorning neighbor how are you. well i'm fine have

a nice day. a certain degree of dishonesty promotes harmonious coexistence. listen i'm stuck in traffic and i just wanted to let you know that i'm going to be light. a boundary is violated when the law is used for deception. when will i get those quarterly figures working on it the i'll go by the end of the week. knowingly failing to tell the boss the truth is driven by self interest miller doesn't want any trouble. he overlooks the fact that he could damage his boss. that didn't just happen by chance the center for processing emotions in miller's brain the limbic system is active especially his and make. triggers twinges of conscience. english researchers carried out an experiment with lies that

indicated that a bad conscience can be overridden the more frequently test subjects lied the less the a make delivery acted. lying is immoral that's the consensus of all the world's cultures. but everyone lies at least 2 times a day. is lying an ancient natural legacy. in coastal rekers rainforests a phenomenon often takes place that could confirm exactly that and humans closest relatives are the ones that are doing it her. and warns his group of danger. the primates hide in an instant. 6 6 that was a mistake because a member of their own species tricked them. he's the one that ends up with the prey

the threat was just make believe humans apparently aren't the only beings who resort to trickery. scientists are using new zealand pigs to test whether the animals are conscious of what they're doing. they're raised in the clever pig lab of the messily research institute and have more in common with humans than humans would like. he's given here's a quote i think it's from churchill always remember a cat looks down a man a dog looks up but it's a pig will look him right in the eye. picks genetic material is similar to humans that's only one factor that makes them ideal research subjects. in china as a social animals pigs have a very well developed social network and they know each other very well they have

a very distinct hierarchy. there is the leader and subordinates and they also have individuals in the group who interact with each other more rather than less so you could call them friends and those they tend to avoid or if they do meet there's a clash you see that with us too. the scientists want to know if the pigs can engage in conscious deception. to do this they set up 3 feeding stations but only one hides a treat. if you got social strategy how an animal behaves using the information it has in our case that's the location of a source of food what does it do with that information say if a higher ranking animal is present who could take that food source easily drive it away or if it's. other ranking animal is they who can take the.

3 pigs compete in the test example know the leader of the group. who's on the lowest rungs of the pigs ranking. and zeus who is between. the 1st zeus learns where to find the snack. he's the only one who gets to see where the good he is hidden.

then comes then she's clueless about where the food is. will follow the higher ranking animal. zeus immediately heads for the food bowl and gobbles up the snack. on the other hand quickly withdraws and leave zeus to eat without a fight. not good in the banana didn't dead challenge says and claim the food for his self she knows its ranks about her and that gives him the right to take the food fest. marianna von doc has seen this often. while working on her doctoral thesis. 800 runs with 18 animals in cooperation with a behavioral biologist. from the university of veterinarian medicine in the.

low ranking animals without information don't seem to use any deceptive maneuvers to gain an advantage. but what happens if the lower ranking animal knows something a more senior animal doesn't. gets another training session and eat. but this time the treat is hidden behind the feeding place on the far left. and. his opponent is drawled leader xampp uno. based on ranking should give way. but zeus is clever he sends in the wrong direction.

the faint gives him some time to get a head start in eating. as he does is to largest media when i saw the video of susan's up i know for the 1st time and i was suddenly shakes off something or by sending him in another direction i wouldn't have thought it possible. informed animal deceives with intent social rank become secondary indecent bitch to wait in state and. in this competition a cognitive arms race arises an intelligence challenge because the intelligence of one leads the other to adapt to it and perhaps develops a new strategy. which the 1st needs to understand devising a further strategy and as this progresses it can result in animals really

developing a special kind of intelligence and a social or cultural intelligence which isn't something they need in their physical environment but all. that so apparently lying is a natural legacy evolutionary researchers even see lies and deception as important drivers for the formation of human intelligence. the human is a persistently disingenuous ape so that we can not only hide behind leaves but that we can tell tall tales has helped us to deceive others to believe in gods and tribunals and to fight together. the law was certainly a major help in evolution. researchers at the child development laboratory of the university of salzburg use playful experiments to investigate at which age people learn to lie.

look here comes next week he was just playing with his ball. after playing moxie puts the ball into the red box and leaves. them as well max he's gone his sister. would and she plays a little with the blue. but she puts the ball back in the blue box rather than the red one and muscle in on the wiser. and look here comes maxie again. this is. a very important intellectual advancement to understand people don't behave in a way that reflects the real world but how they imagine it to be so that perceptions can be manipulated intentionally.

look 1st. the researchers test if the children can put themselves in another person's shoes. they call this ability theory of mind. you know that. the younger children the 3 year olds. who are they say he'll get the ball where it actually is. as a kinda sorta kid seem to assume that when moxie looks for his ball he just goes to where it is. over there will actually look 1st. in the red one what they read when you think starting at age 5 children can anticipate the knowledge of

others. look 1st. at the red box why would you go to the red box. because it was in the red box before and now it's the blue. right in theory of mind of the theory of mind or the false believe is required for children to understand that human behavior is based on mental state the meaning people behave as they perceive the world to be and that can sometimes deviate from reality. and this comments made up by from the relative. look we have lots of different stickers you can choose one also which one would you like the next task tests if the children can deceive strategically. it's worked at the school so who 1st texted stick you hide the sticker in one of your hands after will try to find it who. wanted us

to be at the 1st show ask you where you hit it and stick a fresh deck test on getting the fines if you can keep it but if she doesn't it's yours so you have to think carefully about what you can do so we are to doesn't find the sticker really just mom comes to beatitudes dickens and so should we tried . the attitude i got to start searching. where do you hide the stickers. well let's have a look. this is stella tells the truth she's 3 and can't deceive this is she was the wife one. and taking us through this before they can lie before they have developed the ability to understand that you can manipulate other people's mental states and use information to influence what someone else is thinking how

they perceive the world. so yes they're still very innocent before that things the incident. before it is current and. to get. a fresh victim lottie is 5 years old the task is the same and lottie also wants that sticker. so now everyone. let's play again it's not going according to plan for law to. think also but at 5 her cognitive abilities are well enough developed the chill figured out. and then if she finds it she gets to keep it but if she doesn't then it's. the stick is it in there in there. that the. brain is ready to fit but the age of 5. 6 year old antonia

is already a true diva of deception. on the next try she takes it a step further and changes tactics. ok back to have a look. when tony away to hide it. she's consciously chosen the other hand because she already knows that the other player can change strategy to. this is. that people is a fact of life. when you grow up in a society where it's a fact it's very important that you learn to lie and understand lies. otherwise you'd be completely helpless and at the mercy of those who do live. outside. the law has 2 faces. it deceives but that knowledge helps to reveal reality.

but. you won't believe what happened to me today as i was coming out of the office some idiot nearly ran me over the place i was shocked and shouted stop him stop. mineralized to justify being late. she doesn't pick up the fip at 1st but still liars send out signals that reveal their fraud. psychologist and body language expert monica much nick reveals deceivers by examining their facial expressions. she uses an experiment to show how she does it. if. you're going to tell me a little story about your last vacation. one is true the other is a lie let's start here. as in the say last summer i was in norway alone

yes actually just with a backpack and a tent. i just went and picked a little ruse like the lot how long were you there you had just 2 weeks the rest where were you on vacation and what is on i was with a friend in barcelona the summer of them that's how close are you doing in barcelona we went out drinking and partying at night i think you know who i am where did you start. in our lives and what was the next station about the kind of a little town i don't remember the name anywhere took the ferry across. at him and i don't know about your friend what's he like and. i said he's really funny and plays music too. i haven't seen him for 20 years and that was very emotional. kens to do you know this person you're talking about yeah. that is that's the truth. and this is the life.

but in a country monday you can see the asymmetry is the smile was one sided and only in the lower face it wasn't honest laughter. that i can't just walk in and the eye contact was choppy and it could simply contact he looked away then it means then away again. vicki shell. that's the dog i did but that doesn't mean liars always do that they can so some use extra long eye contact to. what they're doing is trying to hide their immediate genuine emotions. joy anger grief contempt fear and surprise are the 7 basic emotions they present themselves in the same way in the facial expressions of every human being. to do that 26 facial muscles must work in concert. if for example we feel joy the facial

muscles react within a fraction of a 2nd. researchers call the short reaction a micro expression. it momentarily reveals genuine feelings and can't be faked. only after that can liars control their expressions. but the face reveals even more. researchers look at the nose as if their subjects were the puppet pinocchio. they say the nose changes when a person is lying. american researchers used to say that the nose increased in size by milam. if a person was lying. researcher in media gomez milan from granada spain has been observing this phenomenon for several years.

if it to be not just something actually the pinocchio effect is the holy grail of lying. researchers have always looked for a qualitative key to distinguish lies from the truth you know that i'm going to. be using a thermal imaging camera researchers film people telling whoppers and find facial and hand temperatures change systematically. but i'm still for us at the lie has at least 3 components one is the level of physiological activation which increases when you lie this value can be measured at the tip of the nose and the tip of the middle finger. goma's milan tests this with a series of questions the respondent can decide whether to lie or not. the researcher clearly recognizes falsehoods in one tale. nose and finger temperatures drop as the test subject makes up the lie ringback.

that's just one clue. cognitive effort is the 2nd component of learning the brain must do heavy lifting it up and set up in such. this effort shows in other parts of the face. ringback the forehead and cheeks get warmer seeing here and yellow. since the law is a highly complex conceptual feat the brain works at full speed. increased blood. elation in the frontal lobe raises the temperature of the forehead. mirror neurons become active in the front of the frontal lobe. they pick up the emotional state of the person being lied to and lead.

wants to make a good impression is he being believed if you can see it in his cheeks. if you use the other person isn't convinced you're blushing. but other factors influence face and figure temperature intensity as well. the researchers suspect the recipient and gravity of the law contribute to. been given a special mission. she supposed to convincingly to someone close to her. the 22 year old tells her mother she's pregnant knowing full well news like that would

be a shock to a parent. this highly emotional shows up particularly clearly on the camera. the nose and fingers. the reveals the truth to the temperature's normal. it's especially easy to expose the liar. but it also depends on other factors such as personality. still one thing is certain if the full range of. evidence for lying shows up we know with a probability of 90 percent that the person is really lying to put into it i mean the and. for decades the lie detector has been used to identify liars on the basis of physical reactions. secret services still use it to expose double agents or

criminals. the idea of using physical clues to identify criminals is a very old one. at the end of the 19th century chess at a lumber also a physician from tour and try to determine the external characteristics of born criminals he measured suspects blood pressure during questioning. the swiss psychiatry. later used a galvanometer to measure skin conductivity during sweating. at the university of grotz vittorio been to see develop the polygraph it measures respiration and pulse the newsies theory was that if a person is lying excitement would cause heart and respiration rates to change. but lie detector results still aren't considered irrefutable evidence

a conventional polygraph wouldn't have unveiled this thief. the measurements are too inaccurate because nervousness can happen in many situations not just during the lying. the woman isn't a real feat she's a research subject. from the university of roots bork has set up some items at a fake crime scene he wants them to be stolen. he aims to use what's known as the guilty knowledge test to show that breeding poll . heart rate and skin connectivity can be significant. the talk is intense because you're off to each other guilty knowledge test is based on the idea that you don't detect the lie itself so you don't ask

a question like did you kill so and so or did you steal the cash box instead you ask about certain details of the crime details that only the perpetrator can know can come. show's these details to the test subject. a recorded interrogator asks if she recognizes the objects on the screen she supposed to deny it all cloth back. and have no. gum or can read her reactions on the monitor. a document folder. no whenever she recognizes something the reading changes. no mobile phone. this becomes particularly clear with the picture of the stolen mobile phone. the test person begins perspiring more.

media if you recognize things you've seen before or experienced in the context of a criminal offense for example. then you are more receptive to these details. you sure are stronger skin conductivity which means that the skin is more stor you sweat a bit more and the reaction has nothing to do with the line itself. this is a reaction that depends on its importance because certain details are more important so the perpetrator reacts more strongly to these details that it ties the idea to teach or to signal stick or. everyone wants to win even if they have to lie to do it. that was the case with lance armstrong. allegations of doping plagued his career but one thing is clear today he cheated his way to his triumphs in the tour de france and other races.

a lot of michael. even then he was sending out signals that could have supported the medical findings. and. it's about us learning to cluster. what does that mean we have served people from head to toe and try to find as many clues as we can i know who has it. only then do we have a shot at getting it right i know. there were incidents like that could never come out ok how clear is that. monica much nick can find many giveaways in a 2005 interview with lawyers of armstrong's sponsors. and. the scene was when he said no and kept on saying that one of the sort of

100 percent. he would have nodded if it were really true had to make and i'm tonight. and it's exactly the same if someone. i would say great idea and great argument to high speed yes yes i'm open to anything and there you can see the body language doesn't harmonize with the words and bought that nor does it seem credible. even experienced liars give themselves away especially if they're stressed. by junior budget minister in france. implicated himself in a web of lies about secret foreign accounts in 2013. and went to him you only see non-verbal signals indicating struggle. where there is

. a rigid focused gaze for tooting chin and his very emphatic language on. the tone. that someone who is fighting even when they lie often i think. even bill clinton couldn't conceal his world famous lie. i did not have sexual relations with. these allegations for forbes. so i knew. his negation was so vehement and so strong. is eyes were blinking faster. and he distanced himself from this woman mention when people lie they don't use names he said that woman that. sooner or later the truth will out in the end nevertheless politicians lie and lie and lie and donald trump is

a premier league liar who tops all the standings. it's the largest tax cut in the history of our country and reform but tax cut. newspapers like the washington post record trumps whoppers thousands and thousands of them. in other countries. no us president has lied more than trumped. there's actually a relationship between lies and power everyone lies every day in politics the lies are more common there are many studies on power and from them we can conclude that the more powerful someone is the easier it is to lie and the more they feel right about it the. deception helps to disguise

that strategy has a long tradition of politics were already being conducted in secret during the renaissance. the less people knew about what happened in the chambers of power the better. political philosopher machiavelli openly condemned lying as immoral. yet indirectly he called on those in power to do it. really doesn't advise the prince to lie because the law it cannot lead to anything positive. song in his political tract the prince machiavelli tries to advise the prince on how best to maintain his power. as well next to none will knew he had him to hide part of the truth because for him the secret is required for the success of a political act for me it was so clear then just.

simply saying nothing is an alternative to lying with unpredictable consequences as history shows. europe's climate worsened in the 18th century causing crops to fail and famine everywhere. in france people starved needed someone to blame and found them. even though the royals were also plagued by low supplies the king lived it up the people smelled a rat. rumor spread that the king the monopolists and the ministers were deliberately trying to starve the people. when rumors like this came up when grain prices got too high long. enough course that that's when the peasants took up arms his. own.

back then fake news led to uprisings in 775. people chanted down with the king we want bread down with the king. as supplies became scarce the poor took to the streets of paris. in search of food they looted shops and markets. the revolt is known as the flour war in french history. these are special moments of crisis when power is weak. a power vacuum is created because it's such times we have a sequence of difficulties that cause instability and unrest.

revolt triggered by rumors that led to the french revolution and later ended the monarchy in france. single monkeys and we have 0 of the emergence of false information fake news in propaganda precisely at moments of historical crisis. this is very striking in the case of the revolution there were waves of bogus news fake news that circulated through all camps more or less being exploited to support the interests of someone or other but it's also a sign of fear of. them as now truth clearly tends to lose its meaning in a crisis. experts say a similar system is in operation among the yellow vest movement in france. it

started as a protest against rising gas prices and continued to be stoked by more fake news online. example of don't you see many rumors circulating on social networks with respect to the yellow vest on rest. for example there's the rumor of a belgian lady who was killed during a demonstration one day. why are there such rumors. because people inform each other and communicate among people like themselves quite above all because they don't believe a word of what the mainstream media says yet they see the so-called official media mass media etc mass media. mistrust. among the population is growing. fertile ground for more lives.

through. now there are also social networks where the lower classes create somewhere's are everywhere as they say in england. on longer that's their own reality their own interpretation of reality and it merges an ideological phenomena we no longer believe in the elites with the technological one we can say something and circulated on the internet. that's an explosive mix certainly for the elites. many experts agree lines and bogus news pose a serious threat to political systems. it doesn't matter who spreads deception those in power or the people. they primarily so mistrust and destabilize democracies. yet there's no magic bullet to counter this trend. we can enact

a whole range of laws to monitor and prevent fake news but it's not going to go away. because there are plenty of laws all very old. by the 13th century we were already talking about sins of language which are condemned just as they are now and so it's not the law that will prevent the spread of lies. the question is whether individuals and citizens in particular are able to identify them and refrain from giving them recognition they don't deserve. it. experts say the number of lies online will merely multiply as the inhibition threshold continues to fall. meanwhile the rate of daily fibbing will remain constant with most people lying between 2 to 80 times a day still awareness and observation can reveal falsehoods.

research has led to making lies a visible and measurable in part technology that may develop for later use at airports and by the police and justice authorities. and the powerful they'll continue telling whoppers any of their lying is a part of the political system and firmly rooted in power seekers d.n.a. . meanwhile in private the means will go on justifying the ends. i tell me have you ever thought about surgery . some are you crazy. research has yet to prove your flyers have long noses. bourse now's. in any case a lie is half life is manageable. dissembling is hard wired into the brains of

living beings. yet the cognitive ability to lie goes hand in hand with the capability to expose liars. these are so dr who should not be plain german arms manufacturer have cloned cars sold them illegally to mexico. bosses always seem to find ways to get around the german governments that support bombs. the exploits arms

industry leaders in the dog sled 30 minutes on d w. one as legal citizens. but nobody ever dreamt to turn out the way they did. still some things never seem to change. plus one of our this is a sicko. 90 minute d.w. . lying to us is on its way to bring you more conservation. how do we make signal screen or how can we protect habitats we can make

a difference google ideas fundamental series again google $3000.00 g.w. and online. this is deja vu news live from berlin germany pushes for agreement on a massive e.u. carona recovery fund the german chancellor hosting italy's prime minister saying there is still a long way to go to put together an unprecedented fund of billions of europe's also coming up. california issues a sweeping rollback of its plans to open up.