just. read. what secrets lie behind. discover new adventures in 360. explore. sites. 360. hello and welcome to in good shape as always directly from berlin this is rare in 19021 of the 1st persons in germany was diagnosed with hiv that's the wires which causes aids back in those days this disease was not treatable and it caused

a lot of fear thanks to medical progress and doctors like me a lot has changed and improved some coral building in the city of positives on the one hand there are a lot of people tested hiv positive and on the other hand they treat it with the highest medical standards and that's very positive but how can one lead to normal life with a potentially deadly virus and how can we protect ourselves from being infected and will we be able to defeat the virus one day i'm talking about this today with a chevy researcher hendrix like we're meeting at the famous german museum of technology in berlin. and you brought great news to bill and with you because it seems that there might be an examination against. well it's a little bit too early to say by the are going to have a vaccine but there are currently 2 studies running to see a foot. that scene might work all of them have been tested in humans that they are

safe and and using immune responses and this is looks like really good data at the same time they have been tested in the monkeys and in particular one of them shows in monkeys a really high. which suggests or gives the hope that this might actually also work in humans but we will only know in 2021 or 2022 those results and then we will know if you're going to have a fix seen on it and if there will be of exceeding would it be effective and safe. well. for clinical studies normally 1st test and that has been done for that vaccine the 1st test it's going to be safe so these studies have been performed and all of those studies have shown that these vaccines that are currently on the development of totally safe there are minor complications sometimes like for any back seen or any action like for example some rash at the site of injections but

this is totally normal so right now the vaccine but there is something called pred which is the pre exposure profile texas which can prevent hiv infection so could you please explain the difference between those 2 well the pre-exposure prophylaxis it's a pretty new development of preventing hiv infection and it's really a good and efficacious tool that we have so if it's taking daily and correctly we have preventing h.l.v. infection in over 95 percent so this is a medication it's a chemo profit axis that has to be taking every day seen as basically an injection that trains the immune system like a soccer team to combat the virus friend comes in so it's basically training on the one side the immune system on the other and you're giving

a medication to prevent infection thanks for now we'll continue to talk in just a moment and i'll be back unfortunately we have to wait a little longer for the next nation against h.l.v. and until then we have to protect ourselves against an infection in other ways in 1903 in educational pamphlet was published in the u.s. it's titled how to have sex in an epidemic or use the word sex on international t.v. in this publication the term safe sex was used for the 1st time see for sex this was the year off in 1903 i was 12 years. years old pick graham until today they have 3 problems reservations ignorance misinformation activists are fighting for sex education by various means. be holding his majesty the king of condoms. we join him in his kingdom. in an area he can

hear africa's largest audience loud. is my kingdom is my territory it is my party's i can yeah i really do and you will too because it will be up roach 1st. i didn't is to engage the community to love a little sleep with them love what you call crossed building and i think them on the whole to use quando makes bad indeed still good is from the i do the most literal soul of the gutter. from the most literal everybody we pick depending for the need for want and many people want one thing that. a the king of condoms started advocating for safe sex and the importance of using condoms after high school after losing a close friend to a change stanley decided to honest and open conversations about hiv with as many

people as possible to draw people's attention here is this i catch him going out feet is very attractive and it's also make me feel proud that i'm the king and i'm able to meet other people you know very good level at a low level they feel like king is high level coming from the slums it's very up like to do to them. in the last 2 decades hiv infections in kenya have to creased by health organizations like l.v. c.t. health who supply the king of condoms with well condoms have helped these efforts. about 5.6 percent of the population still carries the virus and recently a new worrying trend has a much to. do we've noticed that now among the new infections there's an increased number among young people generally so here we're talking about age about 15 to 24 years who are at highest risk of infection in poor settlements like kibera

infections among young people particularly on the right. i came to realize that these are charted. by guinea because the same goals when you ask them why why what happened they'll tell me i was ideas money you bought for maybe you started paying me then to the standard windows 8 presidents month and as in. the king of condoms and his projects supply girls with green farming eggs full of digital so that they can sell their crops even the small income helps young girls become independent and less likely to get in and save 618 year old lucky from idea it's part of the project and and part of having with a farm in that. they don't have to depend to those money league to. smoke sexual. activity so that you can get money to buy. your food their confidence their courage to say no i can't support myself taking of condoms

moves on to continue his daily mission to protect his kingdom kibera i can tell you why he told me. he's an african i was 70 percent of people living. here you know. the power on that simple thing called the times. military victory i believe somebody who come on where you take me to be maybe when pushed. in the 1980 s. hiv infection was basically a death sentence especially terrible for children who were infected by their mothers during birth today things are different the virus can be kept in check with specific medication and the once deadly disease aids cannot break out those who are treated with those drugs in time have practically

a normal life expectancy many people have been living with the virus for years some of them since birth. the fact that she had been born knows even walking along here today is not something she takes for granted she's coming up for her 35th birthday and no one neither her family nor her doctors told that she would live this long. this for me and her for so much i'm going way beyond the life expectancy they predicted for me were told that i would only live to the age of 4 and a half so every year is one more year that i not only survived but also experienced often or nearly. shootin is thought to be the person who's lived with the longest in all of europe her parents were both drug addicts and hiv positive she contract a different birth her parents both died and she was raised by her grandmother her life revolved around doctors' appointments and heavy medication. in the small towns

sharon grew up in she was ostracized not even accepted into kindergarten she was very lonely. my grandmother try to compensate for all of the loneliness i felt there were a lot of experiences that i missed out on experiences you get from being in a group. it's still like that today and of course i also don't have that special friend from childhood who knows you better than anyone and. hiv is part of her daily life even so she even managed to finish school and trained as a medical technical assistant. sharon has been treated for the past 15 years by christophe stefan a senior physician at frankfurt university hospital he conducts research in the field of medicine and says great progress has been made. so it's a target these days we have very many different therapies and quite a few single tablet therapies available that that means

a combination therapy mixed into one pill so if a patient takes one pill. nowadays sharon also only takes one tablets a day. in the past she had to take up to 40 over the years she didn't know her doctor have developed a good relationship and even hold educational events together at the university aimed specifically at young people. in the shooting that's so i thought it was really brave of sharing to be so vocal and open to give advice and talk about her personal experience and what it's like. it was interesting hearing things from her point of view really impressive and. even in the most difficult times she had never lost heart she continued to set yourself new goals such as participating in the birth. it's here and i'm now 34 and i'm now slowly understand who i am and feel

more at peace with myself and of course nowadays the illness doesn't play the same role as it used to a mill longer struggling to survive each day. these days she has one main goal to simply enjoy life to its fullest. the united nations originally wanted to get rid of aids by the year 2020 and they failed so they got a new deadline right now at 2030 so what is slowing us down in the fight against aids well the fight against aids is basically treatment of all individuals that are on. the positive the problem with this is you need to have therapies so you need to have funding to actually treat everybody who is in fact that at the same time you also have to test everyone who are might be a hippie infected and because of stigma and discrimination people do not like to get tests that there can be so you have basically 2 problems on the one side

a lack of funding to treat everyone and the on the other hand like stick man describing. nation that prevents individuals from being tested unlike in western europe or in the united states and africa. may be transmitted by hatred sex riddled transmission so what must be done to reduce the numbers. so this test and treat is actually a very powerful tool of what we have so because we know that individuals that are hiv positive end up being treated the against. first of all they have an almost normal life expectancy then an individual the hiv negative but more importantly they cannot transmit hiv to another person this treatment as prevention or task abbreviated is really powerful and that's a message that needs to go to out there because people should get tested and treated because they have

a longer life expectancy and they cannot transmit hiv to another person there's still a lot of misinformation in lists around h o u v so what are the biggest obstacles holding us back in the treatment i think one of the biggest obstacles the people are afraid of getting tested against hiv. there's so much fear and stigma and discrimination surrounding that individuals would rather like to die of aids than actually being tested but knowing that the person is not infectious that undetectable virus means that the virus cannot be transmissible undetectable equals an transmissible is so powerful this is a message that needs to get out and condoms are very see very effective they're very cheap why do we need something like a prep the previous proof and prophylaxis anyway well condoms are just not for everyone some people do not want to take condoms as they have problems with their

direction taking a condom but at the same time for example woman may not be. they are or their partner. that he is taking a quantum so these are all factors in the individual might want to have another prevention methods and for those individuals the pre-exposure prophylaxis as an individual lies chemotherapy against hiv infection is a really powerful to think so much of this talk right now you continue talking just a moment unprotected sex is the most common way for the virus to be transmitted from person to person for a long time there were only 2 ways to protect yourself from being infected abstinence. and condoms but today there is prep the pre exposure prophylaxis dr streak just explained how it works prep is made to help reduce the virus will white. new york for set itself the goal of drastically reducing the number of

fresh hiv infections on truvada tablets have proven to be an effective. daman jacobs has been taking truvada every morning for 3 years the medication protects him against h. i.v. infection the tablets have been available in the us as an aids prophylactic since 2012 and they're covered by health insurance studies say it offers 99 percent immunity against hiv. when i was using condoms it always felt like my status was dependent on somebody else it is a really important part of my daily routine starting the day cleaning like i'm in control i have agency i'm not going to be hiv positive today. truvada was originally developed to treat hiv infections if the medication is taken as a preventive measure it's known as prep short for pre-exposure prophylaxis. this

part of new york sandy aid strategy it's been responsible for a complete reversal in the number of new infections. how it grossman is a doctor and activist who also takes prep. if everybody who is at risk of infection goes on crap and everybody who is a tiny positive gets treatment and access to treatment and effective treatment then in one generation this epidemic ends without a back c without a cure without anything else and this is the 1st time that we've ever been able to say that. as a prep user daemon jacobs us to have a blood test every 3 months the medication has no side effects for most people but those with kidney disorders or osteoporosis aren't allowed to take it since prep was introduced in 2012 the number of users has risen by 500 percent and infection

rates are falling damon jacobs says set up a website to publicize truvada more widely. i spoke to a friend of mine about prep and he was like i wish you would have told me that i'm already positive that broke my heart so that is when i started a facebook group devoted to prep. there's also some drastically needed change afoot in new york's bronx district and hiv the hotspot homosexuality is still a to boo subject amongst many communities certain health centers offer anonymous hiv tests like nonprofit organization health hiv primarily infects young people aged 13 to 21 health targets it's a message to high risk groups like homeless people sex workers drug addicts and the partners of people with hiv it's workshops teach these young people about h i.v. prophylaxis. i think one of the biggest stick my eyes about. that people have

is that it's marketed as a gauge drug but it's something that can be used for everyone at all times of identity you know sexually to males young clients talk about why people don't use condoms they like going to parties have fun and then situations happen they don't we know about some people through the station. more sex than somebody and they do feel ok with a condom he doesn't want to move like i want to do it. proponents claim that people who don't use condoms wouldn't take the tablet consistently either whom health says that's just prejudice it's people like you who continue to create stigma and the fact that people can always come out because of their sexual identity or come out to their families about wanting to take a medication such as prep it's the fear you're standing in. the latest studies do

indeed show that people take prep reliably even though no more than 25 percent of young people in the us use condoms. instead of trying to force people to do something they're not going to do and shame them in that process what prep allows us to do is to meet people where their. us aids activists fought for a long time to get prepped licensed and marketed their commitment to save countless people from n h i.v. infection. in many countries the situation for the patients is very depressing there's hardly any counseling and not enough medication and those who are affected stigmatized and criminalized like in russia there the diseases has stopped and those who stand up for their rights can get into trouble the situation is especially dramatic for infected children. the day begins at 7 am at the. corelle children's home in the russian city of chelyabinsk.

everyone knows what to do. the same meds the same dosage morning and evening. 4 she poisoned girls between the ages of 4 and 17 live here the ones who are hiv positive called. the ones who were negative me go seeking. but. when we opened 11 years ago the hiv positive kids lived in a separate area. the safe is how coverings white down there were no carpets. the dishes were soaked in the basin was full of disinfectant though. it was very difficult to create a welcoming environment for these children. it took 6 years before almost off came

to accept and respect them. much. these days that. it is all play and live together in this unique children's home. they're all growing up without a paddle. they know that they're not at risk of being infected by the hiv positive kids even if one of them has an injury. the youngest always supervised by a caregiver. the older ones know that the hiv virus is fragile and immediately dies when it comes into contact with that huge. of my friend sleeps in my room. hiv positive one day before i knew about it he said i have to tell you something. shocking i thought at 1st i was scared but then he

explained how you get infected since then everything has been fine i treat him just like anybody else. a 3rd of the plough seeking have hiv positive parents many of whom are alcoholics or drug addicts and no longer have custody of their children some of them aren't even aware that their children are here at the kids are well cared for and in a safe place they learn early on how to live responsibly and calmly with their infection they cope better than some adults. the one time my little ones were to summer camp on the 1st evening while they were having a bath the come to erect a practice head around the door hesitantly and peered at the children they might have for years or 2 had. on another occasion a colleague asked me no you know what should i do they fall to supply you with hiv

i said lock him in the cellar she was confused what do you think i said just let him play with the other group. in the evening the children follow the same familiar routine as always the same meds the same dosage in day out. quite a few of the kids here have learning disabilities because of that mother's substance abuse before during pregnancy. that will make life even tougher for them to pound in the social stigma that can still attached to those who are hiv positive. all the more important then for them to be able to grow up with people who accept them as they are and give them the care they need. it's most of the case when somebody says in fixed it there are currently drugs that keep the virus in check how effective are those drugs so those. extremely effective

so most of them do not make any side effects individuals can have a completely normal life on top of that is that when you are getting treated very early in and fraction and take polls regularly every day you will have a normal life expectancy like an individual with hiv negative so you cannot in fact another person anymore and you have a normal life expectancy but why scientists since research is trying to develop a new kind of medication if the current medication is working so well well one problem with the current mess. cation is that you're have to take a pill every day until the end of your life so people are constantly reminded of being age should be a positive the new development is to try to have like for example an injection every $6.00 to $8.00 weeks that is sufficient to treat hiv infection and even in the future of your thinking about having a poll that you only have to take once

a month or even half an implant in your eye that is sufficient to treat a should be infection and that needs to be exchanged once a year thank you so much for this interesting talks. that's it for today i'm looking forward to seeing you next week i'm out.

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