and this is climate change. for you. smarter for free. our as. hello and welcome to new fresh edition from in good shape here we are again are you male or female or do you define yourself differently i'm asking because we want gender equality you're asking why is this question so important if you're sick or need to see a doctor that distinction might be the game changer men have a higher risk for developing heart disease but women are more likely to die from it

with regard to mental health problems you might be unlucky if you're a man according to statistics more women get depressed this could be because doctors are less likely to think about depression in men and therefore don't treat them properly as a man or woman what you have to know when it comes to health and what do we doctors have to do to ensure that there's equality in medical treatment that is what our show today is all about let's take a current example the novel coronavirus research suggests that men fall ill more frequently and more severely. today i'm with your play he's a biochemist turned writer he has written a lot of science books he's a journalist thanks for having me today when we take a look at the cool grown up and make it seems that the men are the weakest sex in this case this is really true when you look at the. corona virus outbreak actually

. from the city of hamburg in germany and they clearly show that. among the people who die from the virus the men are in the majority it's about 57 percent of the people actually men it's because of their lifestyle they have more heart disease they have more problems with their lungs because. among them and that makes them weak and prone to get the virus and a severe. infection leading to the i will talk to your in more detail in just a moment one thing is clear there are many biological differences between the sexes then it's also clear that diseases take different courses and have to be treated differently but a lot is also due to our behavior women wash their hands more often and they eat more healthily men on the other hand think that the body simply has to function and

what about as doctors we treat headaches. but do doctors care about if the patient is a man or a woman this question could make a difference between life or death. just never imagined she'd wind up in hospital yet she recently woke up at night with back pain later the next morning she was diagnosed with mild cardio infarction she had had a heart attack it's far from given that you were survived says cardiologist. heart attacks are still regarded as something that men get even though it's the number one killer of women yet women symptoms are often this diagnosed. their homes are just as we didn't seen women and their doctors who thought it was influenza. fortunately irises doctor who is a woman herself thought it might be something to do with her heart you're trying to draft and that's normally a routine consideration with men who are making

a diagnosis we have to make sure it's always taken into consideration with women as well. it's not only our hearts that beat to a different rhythm there are many other differences between male and female that's due to our genetics. women have 2 x. chromosomes in each of the body cells while men have one x. and one y. chromosome and there's the chromosomes control a person's hormone levels which differ between male and female and as well as influencing our sexual organs hormones also have an effect on our entire organism. the proportion of fat in a woman's body is fundamentally higher than that of a man it actually confers no benefit at all on men as male fat isn't deposited around the hips. instead it collects around the liver and the abdomen.

and. that's why men are twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes as women are. on the other hand women have broader hips they're more likely to be knock kneed and their knees have less cartilage this can make them wear out faster. it's why 2 thirds of all knee replacement surgery is carried out on women. women's immune systems are also more likely to over respond to pathogens that's why they're more prone to allergies asthma and arthritis and when prescribing medication for these and other illnesses a doctor has to take these differences into account after all medicines that are highly effective for men might be of no use to women others can have a stronger effect on women then on men that applies especially to beta blockers the

consequences can be dangerous incorrect prescriptions can have negative side effects and even to. choir detoxification. that's pretty common people rarely think that side effects are overdoses could be the cause of their symptoms. and that's why women aren't getting the right advice on why side effects might be ignored to begin with. but apart from medication invasive treatments such as heart catheter exams pose higher risks for women including even start last. season their blood vessels are more sensitive so there's a higher risk we might injure them that's why we insert softer tubes that are very gentle to vessel walls. 'd in heart catheterization a cardiologist inserts a long very thin tube through an artery or vein to the heart the doctor uses it to locate the constriction which triggered the infarction. here

a plastic tube or stent is being inserted to widen the constriction. because women tend to have more problems after receiving a stent landmass a uses digital imagery which allows very precise measurements that shows him how big a stent needs to be. the thing is this is it because i think that's just coming into focus now that women's treatment has to be done just as well as men's. and that's why in the past it was certainly the case that the focus was more on the men in the starlost was lucky she got switched treatment she wants to stop smoking and lose weight she no understands that women also have to keep an eye on their heart condition. the quality of the sexes is a major issue in politics or working in social life all over the world at the same

time the differences between men and women have been examined down to the tiniest different. for example a study with 5000 persons found that men funnier than women this is maybe because humor is an important criterion for women when choosing a partner this was found in a study on marriage chats maybe this is why men often display their humor more strongly but everything has its limits for example when a man gets a cold then all fun comes to full stop. it's a phenomenon half the population is affected and they're all man women might get a slight cold in the winter time but man end up suffering full blown influenza. but why are men by their neck. but why are men by

their nature not as robust as women any knowledge of have discovered that men and women have different reactions to infections. there's evidence that it could be true women's and men's immune systems seem to function very differently . and does has to do with hormones women have lots of east region that stimulates immune cells to react quickly that's why women's bodies can fight off an infection faster and more aggressively than men's bodies which contain high levels of testosterone. as men have way more testosterone in their blood than women do we know from various studies that testosterone has an effect on the immune system several studies have shown that testosterone is the reason why men get the flu more often than women. you might come to the conclusion that man with extremely high levels of testosterone would get sick more often but the opposite seems to be true

. high testosterone levels metabolize some of that testosterone into extradite. female hormones and that in turn has a positive influence on their immune system. this means that men with high testosterone levels are well protected against infections and are less often sick than men with low testosterone levels. men also have a genetic disadvantage. even the difference in chromosomes that influences their immune systems. of a lot of antioxidants an immunological processes or coded on the x. chromosome which means that while you men like this are why chromosome. that's another reason why we're much more susceptible to infections. so hormones and genes determine that men fall ill faster but do they get sicker than women do.

actually their scientific evidence to suggest that the opposite is true and women get his harder than men do. many studies about the differences in pain between men and women the conclusion was that women experience pain more intensely. what's more the intense immune response that women experience puts their bodies under a lot of stress and that can lead in the short term to even stronger symptoms. but men are more focused on their pain than women are so they suffer more when men get sick they concentrate on every symptom like a scratchy throat. there's also another reason why men get more infections than women they wash their hands less frequently than women do and washing your hands is the best way to kill viruses whether you're a man or a woman. i'm still talking could it

be that. just more squeamish than women actually i would say they're more squeamish they have a tendency to to. to lead a life that's not very healthy. you find among men more people who smoke there's more folks who have a lack of exercise and the eat more unhealthy food and the repercussion is that. i have more medical problems and that they might even die earlier than women in almost every country in the world men die earlier than women here in germany approximately 5 years earlier in russia even 10 years why is that so russian men love to drink vodka and even if they appear to be very strong and healthy some of them drop dead because they wrecked their liver

and that is a problem in russia actually in all societies men have a tendency to to be smokers to exercise less and also they have more accidents and that's an explanation of why the life expectancy of men is lower and this is true in all societies to get to the bottom of this phenomena and you went to the island of sardinia in the mediterranean sea why sitting here there's one village in the mountains that is very peculiar because. men live to be about 100 years to the life expectancy amongst men in extremely high i can say it's one of the highest in the world and the other thing is men and women have more or less the same very high life expectancy

incident in yeah there was a environment with a lot of exercise because men many of these men would look after the sheep when the weather young so they would be in the field for many many months per year every year they would hardly drink wine they would eat a lot of vegetables and so that was a combination of very healthy food and no smoking by the way and this created a situation where men could really live to become a 100 years old so behavior and lifestyle have a strong influence cell biology the genes were always overrated there's no real biological explanation it really boils down to the way of life what can every man in regard lives where he lives in the world due to lead a longer and healthier life it is very interesting to see what the men it's edina did when they were young so they wouldn't smoke so my advice is quit smoking eat

healthy foods mostly plants and you should have a lot of exercise and if you follow these things. you do a lot to to have the full potential of your own personal life expectancy in one of the cover stories of the most famous magazine here in germany you claimed that men who live in the family and take care of the family live a longer and healthier life but it isn't just boring. at least then you could say it's boring for a longer time so have more boring days but i think also on the same time you have more days full of happiness because if men livin in healthy and good relationships they have less accidents they take less drugs they have better foods. not that stupid and so i think the result of that and the

repercussion is that you live a longer life thanks very much for this very interesting talk or pleasure the field of medicine is a man's world most clinics i managed by mail hairpiece are researched on man guidelines for therapies written by men and even in experiments that most male that's got to change i share this opinion with get told she's researching. her topic gender medicine. care and balanced hospital research is a looking into how men and women deal differently with their health and sickness. today the team in discussing the results of a new survey it shows that differences in our approach to health matters are also evident in the new coronavirus era the same goes for women seem more willing to

comply with safety measures when voluntary but men only when they're mandatory so it's another example of gender disparity. the team is headed by gad told to. professor for gender sensitive prevention research have to focus is on how men and women can prevent age related conditions like obesity and diabetes and how doctors can best support them in their efforts. look at. the point is for people to eat healthier get more exercise reduce their tobacco and alcohol consumption and then live longer and healthier and with a decent quality of life. but there are all significant differences between the sexes women tend to know more about what they're eating and have healthier diet many generally know more about exercise and do more sports. those insights can help improve self-help options such as for losing weight. from common

good. women are ok with group activities such as those offered commercially but men not so much. there are receptive to on line options. so tailoring things to what men and women need will hopefully increase people's interest in the measures and mean a better chance of success. or. further issues dealing with serious diseases such as cancer something women will talk about with their friends men on the other hand can find in their wives a partner. has run off. while armed after their ill man ask what they can do for themselves by changing their lifestyle and with man in particular it's not a window of opportunity. doctors can use it to provide recommendations or talk about issues it's a big opportunity for the manager. of course after say being diagnosed with

prostate cancer they can change all kinds of things having a healthier diet doing more exercise and reducing stress. on. another example is involuntary childlessness there's been considerable research into women improving their fertility by losing weight but precious little on what men can do. that in fact this one sided focus on women is harmful to both sexes. there is simply not enough research into ways of boosting male fertility. we want to improve that situation by examining both partners men and women in. research into gender specific characteristics however it's only one part of the picture even among women there are major differences in that health. as there are

among men everyone is different so ideally we would have medical treatment customized to each and every one of us. that strange voice. ultimately we want to use this male female dichotomy to gain a better understanding of how patients differ. so not just differences between men and women but also within those groups in their behavior and in their strategies for coping and in what they really need to deal with their illness. so gender research is merely a 1st step along the way towards personalized medicine. also medications work differently depending on the patients gender active ingredients are being absorbed in different rates women often have more body fat

men often are taller and that's very important for the dosage however too little attention is paid to these differences and this might be quite dangerous professor very. knows the disparate effect of medication on men and women is largely overlooked and under researched one reason is the way in which trial studies are configured my heart surgeon in that's new is that anything over the last 50 years there have been efforts to avoid including women in drug trials. due to evidence of the damage caused to be employed during pregnancy. and we see that especially in the early phases of drug development tests are conducted on healthy volunteers and they're overwhelmingly young man human men are and exact remains a major problem some forms of medication have a different effect on women. there are a number of reasons for that. the

1st factor is that the time needed to digest the pill varies according to the patient sex. secondly enzymes are key to the effect of a drug because they really sense active ingredients men and women can have different quantities of enzymes so the ratio of the doses ingredients that actually enter the bloodstream also varies according to our sex. 3rd women tend to have a larger proportion of fat and are generally smaller as well as a result the active ingredient is distributed differently in the tissue consequently women are more likely to suffer and wanted side effects get tested us card we're currently testing this with commonly prescribed drugs and believe we have sound data suggesting that women need different target doses we need to change the strategy and to test medication on all groups among the population they're

intended for. these not of course that includes women and the elderly who account for a major part of consumption engine in cotton tie the arts 9 middle. which is why professor. and her team are working on a study its aim is to determine whether illnesses themselves develop differently in women and men and what that means for their respective treatment. if you're born this in beta male you want to know which medication older people need which doses and their degree of tolerance. and of course they also want to know the effect of that medication on the heart and circulation and other functions in the body or and under or from tone in copper bun flows in. previous studies have already shown that some heart medication shortens women's lives but not those of

men. this new study covers more than just physical examinations participants also answer range of questions about their daily routines here is to determine any differences in the my styles of men and women. on. this i get what i find interesting is having the results afterwards which gives me a better assessment of myself so. soft i can see what condition i'm in relative to my age both physically and mentally. the study also incorporates a new measurement procedures this blood pressure test for example delivers far more data than would be the case of general practitioners it also takes into account that we speak um stiffer with old age without that factor there's a danger of the test returning an incredibly high blood pressure for study

participants are already appreciating the benefits when. i expect to find out more about myself and hopefully this will also help other people the researchers might have discovered something that wasn't previously known. sometimes it's the small things that can make a big difference. in many cases an additional node in the patient information leaflet would help to address specific differences when dosing medication. seems shown many differences in terms of both effective doses and side effects so i'd say that information should always be included on soup in indian bipartisan group. there are good reasons for considering the differences between women and men when it comes to medication all too often the bias towards men still leads to avoidable complications and side affects. there's

a lot to be done before men and women are treated equally in medicine and i've got a lot of things to do because i have to prepare for next week's show so you then and until then let's try to stay in good shape.

right. now so yes. there are around the 7000 different languages on the planet and yet we know very little about how human language of. research is a much safer one to get to the bottom of this big question.

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