it be something that's is going to last. a full 5 months maybe years i don't know it's unclear what caused the ship to run aground police have opened an investigation. and that's all for now objects talk film reports on why the u.s. dropped an atomic bomb on mega saki 75 years ago i'll have more news coming up in 45 minutes time now thanks watch. images of cars on. the flu studios archive documents lives in bygone era assumed. and leads to those living today. they are guarding guns as past in a box. collected memories stories focused fourteenth's own t w. in

the summer of 1905 the war in the pacific was still raging americans were flying bombing missions over japan. children took refuge in caves used as air raid shelters against a clinical interview. on august the 9th he stayed in the bomb shelter longer than usual because we'd heard of a new kind of the bomb that had just been dropped on hiroshima to say that. very few on board the u.s. bombers were aware of the weapons destructive force recruiter's folder to reclaim. because hunter moore would not feeling a modern war would get rid of. the thing contained plutonium rather than the uranium used in the hiroshima bomb developing it cost billions of dollars. what's interesting about this is they had an atomic bomb. they had the hiroshima

bomb but all this effort was put into the plutonium bomb so do you think all of that effort did not contribute to the use of it and nagasaki. that's an interesting question. on these people were children back and they are the ones who are still alive. my god even today they ask why this bomb had to be dropped and wiping their city from the face of the earth. was my they saying do you hear the victim's voices do they still reach your ears am my please world

never let this happen again life i love everything burns i. was he was leaving. i now remember world remember us the victims of the atomic bombs our world has been cloaked in mourning ever since be home my feet. in the air raid shelter death was always close by says she will hear them. she was 6 years old at the time. at the time we go and look at that we were hungry as we had a young mothers didn't even have enough milk to nurse their babies. one baby screamed so loudly once that someone complained because you had to be quiet in the air raid shelter. the mother whispered be still and held her hand over the baby's mouth so

desperately and tightly got a tree smothered it that was what the war was like going to live in the end the baby's little head just fell to the side kick it that. oh i was there that was the spot. the bomb exploded above it the epicenter of. the bomb even destroyed the university hospital on the outskirts of the city beach yaki kate his mother worked there 1st that. i was collecting shrapnel on the roof with my friend. his friend had to go to the toilet so they got into the elevator that saved both their lives. but when the elevator door opened we ran into the hallway. there were suddenly and unbelievably bright flash of light. and then i passed out

so that the kids at station i asked. the flash even penetrated the cave where sequoyah was cowering with her sister and a baby. then the blast wave slammed them against the wall right at the rest of the clue almost everyone had already gone out because they'd already sounded the all clear. then some of them came back and begged for help you that somehow i was unconscious and that we're coming up that they still have the they were completely disfigured that the bodies will burn it and split open. they often had open rooms within minutes using art still that they thought the water ought to be killed kathy many died before our eyes. but i just kept looking for my sister and the baby that had laid down next to me

a ship. that's part of the your the weapon i regained consciousness in the hall at the hospital all i could see was fire everywhere and the flames were coming right at me mccoll knew that the floor was covered with grit and bits of broken glass. i crawled to a wall that was still intact then i discovered a nurse that she was covered with blood and crouching in a corner. i crawled towards her. and she looked at me and shouted hey kid quick call the fire department table with. the bomb the deer saw a church through a break in the clouds and chose it as a target tens of thousands of people around the epicenter were incinerated within seconds or painfully burned to death who could have devised such a weapon. the

search for answers takes us 1st to the u.s. state of new mexico to a place called los alamos for a long time it was just the site of a boy scout camp then it was rebuilt into a secret facility for developing the atomic bomb. the address was a post office box residence even joke that people were born in their numbers replaced names on driver's licenses address specialist to be santa fe. there were very few telephones up here but the ones that they did have were monitored mail was censored so that people couldn't even talk about the weather in their mail to their their families back home because the the security folks were afraid or if they talked about a certain rainstorm that happened on a certain day then someone might be able to pinpoint the location. hundreds of

nuclear experts from the u.s. and europe got together here at the start in the end there were more than $8000.00 of them some even came with their families among the scientists were many future winners of the nobel prize in physics. even within the government and military only a few people knew of the secret project many of the young technicians handling plutonium were not fully aware of its dangers one was. they were assembling a metallic petroleum cart. the fellow who was right next to doing it he dropped it and unfortunately it fell into what was already assembled and it reached the critical mass and he died from it 3 other man who were standing a few feet away. were affected. and the one i knew

lost all of his hair. everything and looked like he had a sunburn and a short life considerably he died quite early. on july 16th 1905 workers in the new mexico desert voice to the 1st plutonium bomb to the desired detonation height on a steel tower. the test was complicated 2 tons of conventional explosives were placed around the plutonium core and all of it had to detonate simultaneously with accuracy to a 1000th of a 2nd. the 1st nuclear explosion in history was witnessed by those in charge of the project from 9 kilometers away. afterward a report was released saying a munitions depot in the desert that exploded. was

a good topic that this would affect not only military targets but wiped out the whole city all of course. from the. shots of the bomb that obviously that they knew the extent of the destruction. the heads of the project posed and what was left of the vaporized steel tower physicist j. robert oppenheimer and general leslie gross. but there were also critical voices in los alamos. as there were many scientists here who thought that we should do a demonstration for the japanese and they they signed a petition and oppenheimer stopped the petition from going forward to the government. the critics remained isolated they read later that america had no bombs to waste so why did it have to drop 2 bombs within days of each other. we had

2 different kinds of bombs we had the uranium bomb that was dropped at hiroshima and we had the plutonium bomb that we dropped at nagasaki had we had authority and bomb we probably would have taken out a 3rd city but it was important to test the plutonium bomb from the standpoint of u.s. policymakers and military strategists because that was the kind that we were going to bring into effect increasingly over the next period the effort that went into this was the primary. challenge that the scientists face the. the loss at los alamos and the implosion device was a much more efficient way of exploding either uranium or plutonium and that was going to be the future.

for the victims of the nagasaki bombing essentially test subjects' so bomb builders in the u.s. could determine which of their models should go into production. for 7 decades during their memorial services not as hockey citizens have criticized governments including their own for waging war. their city was always cosmopolitan even in centuries when japan isolated itself from the world there were european trade missions and christian churches in nagasaki the bomb destroyed those places along with the rest of the city. at the start the plan was only to use the bomb on military installations but later dual targets became the preferred term.

total for the target wasn't arms factories but entire cities you must it was. so then with us now that both raids were planned for the early morning also suggests that they wanted to strike when as many people as possible were out of doors the more modern us. the war in the pacific was a desperate conflict japan sacrificed young pilots in kamikaze attacks. the americans depleted their forces fighting from island to island they suspect. did that invading japan would cause enormous casualties and they were counting on the same ally they'd had against nazi germany joseph stalin. when u.s. and soviet leaders met at the potsdam conference stalin already knew about the nuclear bomb project thanks to espionage but he didn't show his hand us president

harry s. truman had hoped that stalin would sign an ultimatum to japan but he feared that stalin might refuse because of a neutrality agreement between the soviets and the japanese. when stalin told truman that he was coming to the war truman writes in his diary stalin would be in the jap war by august 15th 50 japs when that occurs to truman knew that the soviet entry was going to be determinative american intelligence had been saying that repeatedly for months. but then truman suddenly deviated from his plan and even went as far as hindering stalin from signing why. because on july 16th truman received the decisive report from general groves in los alamos results exceed expectations wrote groves and what counts is the battle test.

when truman received the 1st news of success of the nation about that of course he wrote in of there it's a real thing. i got big news big news at the bone successful this is an enormous destructive give us the it is so enormous so powerful that the still to 60 feet long melted. and there in here in the military and the media after this but we're going to use this against this against a military target we're civilized nation and we're not going to use it against women children can you imagine that the powerful weapon you're going to drop in the middle of the city you're going to you're not going to affect you know that. it's already already there the process of denial. started even when the truth of.

the historian finds it striking that the ultimatum to japan's government the pants down declaration had no deadline and that truman removed a provision to retain the emperor even though the west knew how the japanese revier the imperial dynasty. tokyo's diplomats were by then turning to a possible mediator who appeared neutral to them joseph stalin. had a conversation with truman he says we have to. japanese to sleep and i saw that you know but of course that far from the start it's one of you it is necessary to delay the japanese hair and a sort of saw that is. this bit and true and those who want to do it so that. the united states can draw a code of the bomb. on a farm in the u.s.

state of indiana the last surviving person who accompanied the bomber looks back at the mission. to. william barney is 93 years old he was the radar operator on a newly assembled bomber grew at an air base in utah. some of. you got out there we met a colonel to boot and he was one commanding officer and he said you guys are a bunch of the elites is just small and it's rather very secretive about that. here's bomber pilots charles sweeney and plaintive it's practice the techniques for dropping the bomb. under floor not reform we're going to missed it want to have an exploded near it covered so much more territory so we work with their mind to the porch on

a mortar those are. parked and developing his bomb we don't know what was good we don't want to told as to. barney's unit and its aircraft were then transferred to the pacific they were based on the island of tinian in the mariana islands the 1st operational bomb was loaded onto the aircraft it was the bomb with the elongated shape containing uranium the bombs builders name did little boy. were going to ignore founded normal meaning. on what was written in the old one when we were numerous and different bomb want to go to newer plant. colonel paul tibbets had a nollie gay painted on his plane that was his mother's name. he

had a good 6 hours flight time ahead of him. but tug refers and technicians were in planes accompanying the bomber to measure the force of the blast they flew at high altitude out of range of japanese anti-aircraft. aircraft were also deployed to observe the weather and before they dropped the bomb the technicians released radio sonas to record the blast wave and radiation and transmit them back to the aircraft . some of them out of this also made it clear how much and how many ways they wanted to measure the effect of the new bomb. or u.s. . as occupation troops later discovered more than 100000 people were killed in hiroshima. many of them left nothing more behind than their shadows.

the shadows of objects and people were permanently imprinted on surfaces exposed to the heat of the plants there were even shadows of people who were simply crossing the street. the u.s. authorities recorded pedestrian on a bridge 6 tenths of a mile southwest of the epicenter then the information was kept secret for decades . the news that hiroshima had been wiped out reached president truman at sea he was returning to america from the potsdam conference. that the report that the city of hiroshima had been wiped off the map and he jumped up and said this is the greatest thing in history he was sort of so for you know he was so he could not restrain him so he was jumping up and the. why was he saw excited and you know he's not he was

decent man you know why he didn't send this kid you know the people but i think my interpretation of this happiness is that it is exactly the way that he planned. managed to drop the bomb before service enter the fray. truman imagined he'd won the race against time that had started him pants down stalin also believed truman had outmaneuvered him and was frustrated until his hopes were rekindled thanks to new reports from japan. is study came back to moscow on august 5th. and here he resumed his frantic activities are obviously preparing for the war. and.

6 if you took a look at the appointment book blank. and that will show you the extent of the stock he thought. game it gives up you know. we. are the real last right and he was sure that your plan would the senator well and then there's a proof from japanese ambassador. and this is a hard you know how about soviet in reply to her mediation and then she immediately jump to action merely although the attack moved up their path for about 40 years. so why didn't the shock of hiroshima forced to pander surrender. some historians say it wasn't a shock for tokyo civilian suffering had never been a reason for japan supreme military leaders to change tack so why should they do it

now 'd ringback ringback. hiroshima was simply another city that was destroyed there were 68 cities destroyed i think prior to hitler hiroshima so this was another one well it happened to be by one bomb ok but the same effect. the real blow to the japanese was the entry of the soviet union. but instead of waiting to see the effects of a soviet attack america seems to be in a hurry to drop the 2nd bomb. that was the plutonium model known as fat man. because japan continued to ignore demands for capitulation truman believed the step was justified he warned japan that it would be struck by a rain of ruin the mission was played. by one glitch after another the aircraft

didn't have enough fuel a 3rd aircraft failed to appear the planned target the port of kokura and the secondary target nagasaki were both covered by clouds. yeah we didn't hit quite in reassured because when we go down to the weather was sucked in and who is not supposed to restart of that run on greater and the guardian just partner there and my own bitter saw in the last minute he took over. and he got the target but he didn't get to center in one hour but still in all of it covered a big tear. again tens of thousands of people were killed almost all of them civilians. the number of victims should actually have been higher than in her all schama because the

explosive force of the plutonium bomb was twice as high. as the search for a witness who is shown in an old photograph has led all across japan it is one of many photos that were found stored in an abandoned house where the photographer had hid them from censors some of them have already been shown in this film. but one image cannot be understood without hearing the story behind it. it's the story of shia colder you who now lives in a home for the elderly. for decades she would not speak of the war. and she a go was one of those who survived in a bunker later she found her mother who had not come to the air raid shelter with

her all that was left was a pile of ashes ringback ringback. where is she looking in this picture. to my cigar friends that hide the house next door belong to a doctor that had its own air raid shelter and i i know that a couple of my father thought someone might still be in there i did it went in and actually found a small girl who was still alive or not going to haiti than this now. we asked how she and her father were able to identify her mother. we recognized her by her tortoise shell hair clip which i had once given her as a gift and of what remained of her clothing that was still recognizable back then we were lots of layers we wrapped up our bodies to protect ourselves from the flames of the bombing that there's still a lot i did i took a look at that but. she's

a girl you paid her last respects to her mother amidst the rubble. door and you want her not and with you there was nothing else we could do how go we couldn't even save anything for her burial though that we didn't have a container i'm not going. on no i'm not at this charred body and thought that was once my mother. i briefly touched her foot and it just fell apart that i could carry you could tell apart like dry sandy. you didn't want to let it simply turn to dust in their room. and i got to see. all that remains is a small shrine in honor of her mother and her thanks to the gods she says because she herself was able to live so long. how to do this for me since then i've been thankful for every day that i've been healthy. my mother often prayed

i believe that's why i'm still in you know the truth. the young girl suddenly stayed in the air raid shelter until the next day with her sister and the baby. how our teeth were chattering. and we clung to each other throughout the whole night to watch the tele. mama mama please come quickly. but no one came to help us diana. after a while they set out to search for their house or what was left of. my heart misgave that they get we didn't find our luggage at 1st that she had died

a few 100 metres away from our house. we found the remains of our elder sister where the house used to be and we had her baby with us cord she was lying on the ground face down with her hands held in front of her face we didn't know which was horrible but. it was only when we turned the body over carefully and when able to pull her hands away from the face that we recognize the area around her eyes. but then up at the. plane from the rubble of the hospital wandered around and then came back and he found his mother critically wounded. the how or why are they not i mean she was lying face down on the bed and couldn't move on or bit hundreds of bits of glass were stuck in her back. there i hadn't cried before then but when i saw her the tears flowed down my cheeks like how

horrible i thought me that mall mommy. everything that was needed to care for the wounded was in short supply doctors and nagasaki had 'd just begun to treat burn victims who had survived the blast in hiroshima they reported that japan's air defenses didn't even see the bombers coming. most of the doctors and nurses were killed in the bombing the facilities were destroyed the medicines were minimal at best they were using any kind of home remedies they could find to treat those victims who were horribly burned. japan formally surrendered on board a battleship in tokyo. the capitulation document was signed on september 2nd 1945. general douglas macarthur then became the country's military governor

japan's foreign minister represented the government at the ceremony. in the end it was emperor hirohito ordered his squabbling war council to capitulate the american leadership rejoiced claiming that the atomic bombs at brought peace. well the official version that the both bombs were necessary in order to bring the japanese around to surrender is not borne out by the facts in the chronology of the surrender process the japanese had been trying to surrender for weeks if not months but they weren't going to surrender and their unconditional surrender and they weren't going to surrender as long as the emperor's life was at stake they hoped that they would get the soviet union to mediate between the united states and japan for better surrender terms they were unable to get that because

the soviet union cleared war in japan on august 8th. and that was the end of that idea. emperor hirohito was spared a war crimes trial but he had to give up his divine status he suggested to his people that the bombing was the reason for japan's defeat that was advantages for him because it deflected the issue of his responsibility for the war. both he and truman and here to the myth that the bombs decided the war and truman wrote in the memoir us the decision to drop the bomb was a very very heavy i just wanted to avoid well if he wanted to would in the why didn't they invite started to sign the proclamation and when he knew the japanese company were in a moscow. incidentally they knew that they had been discussed this spring who

wanted to know the fate of the emperor and then put a system why then they promise the japanese got the japanese government that you know that's that's a possibility there. and those 2 alternatives were consciously avoided. so that's that's why i think is so. i would argue. they're both some pro combination when they do and that was it was issued so already decided that they're going to drop the. us military newsreels show that japan had already been flattened before the nagasaki bomb was dropped just after the end of the war they reported that nearly all major cities from all suck up to tokyo had been destroyed largest japan's fleet had been decimated in the ports and the country was no longer able to fight another evidence of them is final and in the words of the announcer scenes like this proved that

japan was no longer able to wage war even before the bombs were dropped like these leave no doubt that japan was thoroughly beaten before. the atomic bomb. in fact you have to remember that 6 of the 75 star admirals and generals who got their 5th star during world war 2 are on record saying that the atomic bombs were either militarily unnecessary or morally reprehensible and could and probably the most outspoken was truman's own chief of staff admiral william leahy who said they categorize this with the most atrocious things that ever been done he says war was not it cannot be made that way and he also said that truman karen told me that we would all be hit military objectives he says then we went ahead and killed as many women and children as we could which was just what they wanted all along. by the 1st anniversary of the victory when americans look back there was no longer any

downtown tampa right now some tromping the bombs. were reduced according to this newsreel account the greatest of all new wars ended in year ago and it was not because the so-called japs had too few weapons or soldiers artillery the reporters speaks of large armies and weapons arsenals but says that just as the japanese were ready for the final battle the 1st atomic bomb was dropped they were stunned but still has to take it then 3 days later the 2nd bomb fell on nagasaki 3 days later another bomb fell and nagasaki. that was the final so they surrendered it's perfectly understandable i mean the united states was the only country that has used atomic bombs it used them on what robert

oppenheimer the director of los alamos called and essential a defeated enemy this was our good war we will fight. adding fascism in europe we were fighting militarism in the far east and to end the war with something that. has a negative context something that puts a black mark on this war is something that the united states can't quite absorb and so it was justified by the idea that we would have to have lost a 1000000 a 1000000 troops in an invasion there was not going to be an invasion the japanese were going to surrender clearly before. november 1st 1945. ringback the end of the war brought little relief to those suffering from radiation

sickness at 1st many were taken in by relatives. but soon she and her sister went back to living in the rubble their illness had made them outcasts 'd ringback. they're all a bit at the coming i lost my hair and i had no. money but i didn't even notice. i only saw the stain in the blood dripped onto my clothes. i could see what the other kids were saying in the town to come any closer that's we had just disgusting. workers registered that the death rates for nagasaki victims were rising again the deaths came not from injuries but because more and more children were throwing themselves in front of trains and. came a point when my sister said let's just die too and when our mother has.

kept trying to talk her out of it but then she just didn't come home and i found her on. tracks every couple quite plain as you. suck away wanted to end her own suffering too but she jumped out of the way of the black locomotive at the very last moment. and i am. the american set up a secret commission to investigate the long term effects of the bomb effects that were new to them. reports released later said they observed the same phenomena in nagasaki as in hiroshima. the experts called it radiation sickness. others called it radiation plague because there was no known treatment for it 'd.

the atomic bomb casualty commission that was set up by the united states after the war was there to study the victims now to treat them there in fact if they died there remains were often sent to the united states for further testing which is why so many of the japanese see themselves as having been guinea pigs for the american experiment i have a lot of friends who are survivors. and they felt that many of them feel that they were treated terribly in the aftermath and many were humiliated they were forced to get up on those stages get naked in front of this auditorium full of doctors so they could be further examined maybe they were young at the time some were teenagers and it left a lot of very very deep scars so the american role in the aftermath i think was

pretty regrettable at best criminal worst. comes from. god these are the few survivors still alive today. they have survived despite the trauma and cancer diagnoses and a childhood in which many of them were shunned as outcasts even by their own people . they say who will talk about what happened to us when we are no longer around in the. final muscle you don't believe we were really something like lab animals for the americans. it was just that the bomb had already been dropped on hiroshima. that building the plutonium bomb would have been senseless if they didn't use it on. so they had to do it quickly before japan surrendered to.

so does that mean the americans were war criminals and are the japanese the victims no they say that would be too easy to night cover in the us or it's often asserted that we're the victims. but we were the victims of 2 perpetrators we were america's victims and victims of our own wartime government. japan was to blame for the war and also to blame because it did not surrender much earlier that i will score some of the. we asked the historians one last question 70 years after the tragedies of hiroshima and nagasaki where do you place the blame for dropping the atomic bombs. by bombing cities and not only in hiroshima and nagasaki america had crossed the threshold

leading to a war on civilian. before that only hitler and gannicus spain and the japanese and china did that. and the west called it barbarism. but then the british did the same thing in dresden and the americans in tokyo. and with the 2 atom bombs they ultimately went beyond the point of no return when i guess when i was very i said perhaps there's an argument for the 1st bomb but the 2nd one was clearly necessary. but the more. i learned. with the evidence that has come out both in the united states and in japan and in the soviet union it's quite clear that neither bond was and that's.

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this is big news live from has been afghanistan on the verge of pace talks with the taliban and council of afghan leaders agrees to free 400 taliban prisoners clearing the wife of the peace talks to begin to tell a bad night the release of the prisoners a condition for the talks we'll have analysis coming from kabul also coming up. anger on the streets of bible.