search for traces here in the capital. what secrets lie behind. discover new adventures in 360 degree. and explore fascinating world heritage sites. p.w. world heritage 3 sixty's getting up now. in the working of a virus this scientific illustrated makes the invisible visible. something all too visible all the traces of climate change in german forests. non-self real the connection between muscle and mind.

well kempsey tomorrow today the science show on d w. i grew followed why didn't you know. i already showed. in tommy's. school. the. club of britain all over it fuck the mouse didn't think the scary creflo really existed. until they met one 0 who seeing as they say is believed to grow from. brothers ben and ffion had planned to be with their grandparents in england right now the coronavirus pandemic made that impossible so what is the virus which is making so many people frightened actually look like. it's going with something. things on it and it looks cheeky and. no way next. here.

you know then which. published a scientific illustrator not a major thanks to drawings of pretty good though he finds many depictions of viruses problematic so. this children's book is actually quite nice it's a very simplified depiction which is totally ok but it shows the main features and song but what i sometimes get a little bit upset about is illustrations that are used for online articles for example like this one because they use the pictures that do not resemble the violence at all and they are often taken from stock image sites like this one as you see all of these are supposed to be one of each and every depiction is completely different from one another none of them resemble the actual virus. splats just knows exactly what the virus looks like researchers email the raw data to him that includes information about almost every atom in the protein like the

size of a number of spikes on the surface hello the data into a molecular viewer and then export it into a state of the are 3 d. software which is also used by hollywood for special effects. scientists uses illustrations for their publications in popular and scientific magazines these graphic illustrations for the scientific community are a valuable resource in the fight against the corona virus epidemic. these scientific data that they try to show can often be very confusing and hard to grasp for example here we have the structure of the poty ace in america have you and that's we see it's really hard to see what is going on here the white thing in the middle is an inhibitor that can potentially disable the whole potence so therefore it's a good drug target but it's kind of hard to see so what i do is i illustrate

the same data in very clear way that makes it easy to understand what exactly is going on here in this binding pocket for example. this gives other viral or just a precise idea of what their colleagues are working on let's just say as a doctor of biology during his studies he was often irritated by how many graphic illustration his had no clue what they were depicting. you decided to fill this gap and so he became a scientific graphic illustrator. he loves his job largely because of the artistic freedom that exists despite the rigors of science. and. here we have my last ration of the corner virus and here is the illustration of another scientific illustrate and as you see we chose very different colors and slightly different styles of how to depict them even though the overall structure of the vials of a similar. regardless of the color ben and shawn aren't afraid of the virus if

they're able to see the invisible virus they know how they'd react. i would tell him to go away. this pressure off. the 2 youngsters understand there needs to be a vaccine against coronavirus before they can start playing here again with all their friends and before they can finally give their grandparents in england. by to make the decisions we make psychologist type had to take does research on the topic we asked him how important is it for us to see something in order to react appropriately. if you talk about the risks and a lot of our decisions are related to the risks that we perceive in the world one general finding in research and reception is that things that we can see are actually often perceived to be more risky i mean it's just a for instance of walking in a dark forest and you hear a rustling and of course it makes you afraid and that feels very different then

walking through the same forest during the day and who seem oh it's just a rat so the things that we do not see tend to make us more anxious. many people have stopped wearing masks ok ping their distance why is fear of the virus fading. you know all of you that there are many different to motorists that come together and you can think princes of convenience i mean some of these measures are really quite in community particularly our weather and they're certainly not the only reason there's probably also something in play it is called the prevention paradox meaning that if the predictions were successful and a catastrophe if you will that disaster happened then one question is well maybe the risk wasn't that big to begin with that as long as possible we actually are is

of course is a well actually the prevention because it's a slow moving some of this is not happening and some people seem to have to question that the risk is possibly not as big as it was often sat medion by. like must be done so that people take the virus seriously. going to the $1000000.00 course and i think it has a lot to do with. talking about this as the crisis and even the framing of the crisis to meet certain crisis. crosses not use law and it wasn't news that we need to be changed or mental model of the problem we need to adjust our expectations. weeks months. on. the

novel coronavirus spread swiftly symptoms of the disease that causes havoc 19 range from none to mild to severe to massive what happens in a really bad case. when the corona virus is reached the lungs that's the start of what can be called the virus phase these as sacs or alveoli normally transfer the oxygen rebury into the capello race. but now immune cells respond to the infection leaving a mass of dead cells and fluid in the s.x. making it harder for oxygen to reach the capella rays and enter the blood. breathing oxygen in rich data and help. but if the inflammation continues to intensify the distance between the al the airline and the blood vessels grows. some of the ass sacs collapse. others fill with fluid. a ventilator may now be needed to push into the lungs to inflate the

collapse alvey a life that involves new risks then comes the 2nd phase of the disease the immune phase. too many immune cells have been activated and this can lead to blood clots in the tiny palminteri blood vessels and that means even less oxygen in the blood making the heart work harder to pump it around the body. as a method of last resort to the blood can be enriched with oxygen outside the body and then returned to the bloodstream. if the immune response remains in overdrive the situation escalates now it's not so much the viruses that are the problem but the cells of our immune system. they flood the body with inflammatory signaling substances. that leads to cracks and leaks in the blood vessel walls fluid escapes and blood pressure drops. more and more cells out here to the walls of the

blood vessels blocking them and triggering mini strokes in various organs such as the liver kidneys heart and lungs blood pressure permits the heart rate rises but that no longer helps the organs are not being adequately supplied the result multiple organ failure. and the health of trees and forests is also vital to our survival the great green wall in africa is just one of many reforestation projects. at the same time more and more existing forests are succumbing to wildfires from california to siberia. climate change means more intense droughts in some countries including germany its forests are in great danger.

just months ago this was the spruce forest. but now this patch of woods in peter vest forestry district in central germany. has been devastated. storms up reset many of the trees and many others fell victim to bark beetles. forethought it's really drastic for us this forest is to see the woods that we've tended to for decades basically disappear and get eaten up by bark beetles from bark gave off of president of the forestry official in the state of hessen has a ready lost 300000 trees including many large old ones and similar losses are being seen in other places too. in 2018 alone 60000000 trees in germany fell victim to storms and above all to pests it's a problem that's being repeated year after year with some variations depending on

weather conditions at the moment the bark because pete's 5 s far's greatest enemy the insights which measured just $2.00 to $4.00 millimeters in length feed on the dead trees lying around in the forest after storms but they also bore into living streams especially those weakened by drought the hot dry summer of 2018 and low winter rainfall dried out the soil the precipitation next fall and since has not been able to compensate in many areas groundwater reservoirs have been too low for years the spruce here with their flat roots generally do not reach the groundwater and that makes them vulnerable to job stress and lowers their resistance to pests white bark beetles. decay of our body from the beatles bore into the bark from the outside inside they chew tunnels upwards and downwards. and it's the females who make these tunnels and deposit their eggs on the sides

here. then the larvae hatch and they eat out these horizontal tunnels in the soft in a bark that essentially cuts off the trees nutrient supply. the beatles development from egg to adult takes 4 to 6 weeks love i hatched from the eggs and soon developed into adult beetles one female can produce around 50 offspring. if $25.00 of them a females and each produces another 50 offspring by the 3rd generation there will be $31250.00 young beetles just $100.00 of the pests are enough to kill a spruce tree. each infested tree is marked and documented using an app many of the younger trees could have continued growing for decades but now they will have to be felled 4 times as many

of them as before but the bark beetle infestation. other tree species suffer from the dry weather too many beech trees are exhibiting bone. that being killed off by a fungus called the podia and the launch is being attacked by large bark beetles. a section of forest in central hessen has been particularly badly hit a 20 hector area had to be felled at once $30006.00 more trees all that's left of these mounds of wood shavings the trees fell victim to city bark disease caused by a fungus that migrated here from north america it stalls grow under the bark of the affected trees. if the

trees are suffering from water stress the dark patches containing the city spores spread rapidly forming a black fungal layer up to one centimeter thick. the spores can also cause. dear allergic reactions in humans. for weeks local forest and his team had to wear breathing masks in the woods. it was shocking because we had never seen anything of this magnitude in germany before there had been occasional cases in individual trees and parks but after the catastrophic dry summer of 2018 it's been breaking out here to such an extent it's a complete disaster. in some parts of his forest has planted coast grand firs pines and red oak in the hope that they will be better adapted to the current climate conditions but the new species are already having problems. with the oaks here we already seem to have problems with the oak

procession every month. we're not absolutely positive but you can't just throw in the towel and abandon it just because something. to give his saplings a chance has set up 20 water canisters so that he can irrigate the young trees during long dry periods he'll soon see if it helps forest or paid a vest dollars hoping to fight the bot beetle from the air forestry scientists and journey specialists are developing a special unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with gas and. it can sniff out the resin released by the tree when the 1st big hole pulls into the trunk. basically we're doing with the bark beetle itself does it follows the scent of the infested tree and bores into it and we detect the tree so it can be removed.

the idea is to take down the tree it's an early stage before the be told can propagate but the detected journey is not yet ready for the market best fall for one is looking forward. launch with this technology we'd be able to pinpoint infested trees early which would enable us to rescue more trees that's a. in the meantime have beetle infested spruce up piling up along the forest roads because the market for space timber is saturated if the wood stays in the forest the pests will continue to reproduce and for that reason the regional government has ordered the use of pesticides that they not only kill bark beetles but other animals too. to prepare for future climate change. once to have natural mixed forest growing here that means letting the tree feed themselves the hope is that many different species will flourish. into the. even experts are

unsure how the forest of the future is likely to look based on climate forecasts the spruce and beech trees in central germany look set to face poor conditions for survival by 2070 they may have vanished from german firsts altogether. the problem is red white i mean why didn't you say you. do you have a science question you've always wanted oncet. sent in and if we alter it on the show you get a little surprise as a thank you. i. come on just ask. for most stories from the world of science go to our website or find us on twitter. or pure josiah good luck or asks how can i remember things better. poor memory can be embarrassing i. was going to remember the pm for my from.

and what was my new colleagues name again. not to mention all those situations at school or university when you have to learn some. many facts and figures by heart. the good news is that the brain is a highly personal learning machine. and it can be trained somewhat like a muscle by being stimulated in a variety of ways as it learns that promotes strong neural connections. so out of memorize that phone pin you could just repeat the numbers your self in your head. but a better method is to link the series of numbers to an action. that is possible to do even better his recent studies show children remember words better if they draw the objects they represent. the method works with older people

too. the more sensory input involved it seems the more deeply the newly learned information is stored. and the principle can be applied to learning more complex subjects instead of just reading taking notes it's helpful to structure the topic visually. in general approaching a subject with a look at the center curiosity will help you retain it better. but sometimes the best thing is to sneak up. newly acquired information is consolidated in our memory so we can recall it better when we're over. 170000000 people around the world with members of a gym in 2017. that some disciplines don't have

a great reputation like lifting for example that's full much as shallow. but maybe very well proving more than their body. studies suggest that. flexing your muscles can also be good for the brain. concentration and power are as important in music as they are in sport. at the right moment everything needs to be on cue. was allowed to look that was becoming a problem yourself to find hugh i noticed the toe is no longer able to concentrate for the full length of a piece of music there would be directions from the choirmaster to sing from the 4th bar again saying and i just didn't hear. talk feel i was so lost in my thoughts that i didn't hear and i didn't know where to come in.

my fellow current state would have to show me where i needed to join in. most of which were seen the most and. it wasn't just the choir that was a problem she would lock ourselves out of her home or forget appointments. it's good that i need to touch on there was another situation where i was out and about and for a brief instant i no longer knew where i was i was completely shaken i thought what's this have i got out simas is this the start of it now really frightened me. was. below to look opted to have tests carried out on her concentration that the german sports university in cologne. she took out in a study looking into how sports might be able to help with dementia but this isn't traditional kind of images looks case this is of course not the measure yet we're

talking about early stage memory loss these are exactly the subjects we're looking for in our study i mentioned the to put a provocative lethal we want to know if a regular sport an exercise program can help people who are on the cusp of dementia delay or even stop the onset of dementia. so how can school would help stop the onset of dementia currently the discussion is looking at different mechanisms one area is growth factors these are generated by muscles when they are exercised some help blood vessels grow while others increase the levels of the protein bt and if in the brain. e.t.f. helps the hippocampus grow this section of the brain is important and memory b.d.n.f. can even help generate new nerve cells their number i must add i'm temple good luck factor the study in cologne scene is train that coordination power and stamina.

but it's tough at 1st. if. i was your gasping afterwards like an old steam engine and i really felt like i was completely rusty. so the car i read says i'm better. trains twice a week i mean not only has her physical performance improved she's finding it easier to remember words. and she's doing better in concentration in testing. those in positions and here you can see clearly that after 6 months of the sport program for 12 months of the sport program you've achieved that maximum level also your personal experience that your forgetfulness is receding you can also see that from the data. and. it's nice to be able to see it i can certainly feel it anyway so who put. our hypothesis was that the

progression of dementia could at least be stopped of. course that you were surprised and delighted that we've had such positive results here in cologne and that participants are actually getting better. even now the study is over the subjects are continuing their training program many of them have made new friends here. i always say that the best training is living life to the fullest because it provides multi sensory input for the brain but to live a full life you need to be physically fit but. it doesn't matter to me not to look whether hair improvement came from living life to the full all from fit to muscles she's just happy that she can now once again perform like she used to.

taking off brawn and brains have you ever heard of chess boxing no we didn't play it up it started out as performance art but it's become a competitive sport. that's all for now until today we'll be back next week with more engrossing stories about science and technology until then but i.

test anniversary. 75 years ago. came to an end. in berlin its legacy still visible i would like to learn more about the end of the war here in berlin and also more about the people of the last days of the war and a new beginning joining in the search for traces here in the capital tripoli.

down there are. 3 crime examples for the power of critical our. courageous perseverance transcending borders and obstacles. they are now being honored for their engagement with the good time metal. 21. 30 minutes. w. . how does the virus spread. why do we panic and when will all this. just through the topics that we've covered and i weekly radio show is called

spectrum if you would like any information on the coronavirus or any other science topic you should really check out our podcast you can get it wherever you get your podcasts you can also find us at d.f.w. dot com slash science. did beethoven in the deep doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo doo. did is it is a dud 60 times going to my g.p. the truth came off rock n roll. so many rounds of stolen beethoven. and of course the subconscious always one thing is clear a bit of a total of just one of the popular. t.v. i see a sure. i love you sure. but

how would the world sound without the biggest composer of all time i can't even begin to imagine a world class horn player single willis on a musical journey of discovery. world without beethoven starts september 16th on g.w. . this is d.w. news these are our top stories police in the bill of capital minsk have arrested more than 100 anti-government protesters who are demanding that president alexander lukashenko step down tens of thousands of people returned to the streets 3 weeks in a protest prompted by those disputed election victory russian president vladimir putin has offered to send in security forces. german lawmakers from across

the political spectrum as well as president front of us.