i see a sure i see a star i feel sure. but how would the world sell with the biggest composer of all time i can't even begin to imagine a world class one player single willers a musical journey of discovery. 2 form without brittle star september 16th on g.w. . more than 80 percent of our oceans remain on matter unobserved and unexplored. we know more about the surface of the moon. and even mountainous. yet with busy polluting our scenes and the coronavirus pandemic has led to a new kind of waste ready. but the watery deaths conceal an arsenal of by active

compounds packed with pharmaceutical potential. researchers are studying the ream bacteria in the hope of finding new antibiotics. welcome to tomorrow today this week with a special focus on the ocean. bacteria are found all around us every produced by splitting into occasionally random genetic mutations occur during this process this can make some bacteria more resistant. to mutated bacteria die off but sometimes the mutation protects the bacterial cells from the effects of antibiotics for example. the antibiotics kills the bacteria without the me taishan of the others thrive. the antibiotic resistant bacteria can then go on to rip

pretty loose with less competition and form a home you called again. this is evolution by natural selection but it's caused by human intervention. out of hours it resistant bacteria can rapidly establish themselves and hospitals the concentration is particularly high. factory farming is another source of antibiotic resistant bacteria. they can spread by the sewage system and ultimately harm our health it's a vicious circle but perhaps the ocean could help the solution. there could be a treasure trove of unimagined which is lying here in the depths hiding within marines. microbiologist u n p l and his team from e.t.h. ceric gathers samples for analysis back in the lab at the university.

to come from fear and we know that many kinds of sponge are jam packed with bacteria so if they can make up as much as half of a sponges weight hundreds of different species of microorganisms all living together in close proximity. this is a gold mine of bioactive substances. but why is that so interesting and important in the search for new and more effective antibiotics because wherever lots of bacteria competing for space in nutrition antibacterial agents are present. soil for example is teeming with bacteria and fungus and they're all fighting each other it's war in there. and microorganisms are smart they're basically specialized chemicals factories. they produce and deploy antibiotics to destroy their enemy.

the aim is to sort them and find ones that could be useful to us. different microorganisms 1st identified and then cultured in the lab. harmful bacteria that make us sick cultured separately on blast plates they replicate and formats across the surface samples of the microorganisms and then deposited on the bacterial cultures if an empty spot forms that means an antibacterial agent in a sample has killed the bacteria around it the bald patch is known as the zone of inhibit ssion this is a way to identify candidates for further research to see if they could lead to new drugs. most antibiotics known today do indeed hail from the soil it's readily accessible but it's not yielded much that's new or exciting for decades. sponges

have not yet been so start really researched they're the new frontier they could be harboring powerful agents once to which bacteria that make a singer have not developed any resistance the team won't reveal which species of sponge are the most. promising for now but it's a closely guarded secret their research is want to be sure of their findings before announcing any breakthroughs. what we've discovered has prompted a lot of excitement in the lab. to find a new antibiotic that's effective against multi resistant bacteria is the holy grail because they're so very hard to get rid of we're feeling pretty optimistic right now that a new drug can be found to combat. but the work is extremely challenging the bacteria from the sponges a very delicate the team have managed to identify and study them for the 1st time using a new method they invented that's

a major step in its own right. identifying an antibacterial agent in nature is one thing but turning it into a reliable drug is a process also fraught with difficulties and there's no guarantee of success. it's a very slow and arduous process that takes about a decade and it's also very expensive. should p.-l. and his team find the holy grail any resulting new drug would probably not immediately go into mass production and be widely used. if it is indeed effective against the deadliest of multi resistant bacteria it would probably 1st join the exclusive club of last resort agents and being used sparingly if. it's a pharmaceutical treasure trove. valuable by active substances are contained

in sponges in mollusks and coral reefs which could help us combat viruses or cancer for example. but we already destroying those valuable resources before we even get to grasp their potential. the south coast of maine york or. just with the on attack marine science n.g.o.s a gathering plastic in the mediterranean in order to collect data. sophie who go it's the captain of the research vessel. as a dozen this is what's called a month or 2 or it was given to us by our organization called 5 giant its own native 3000 miles of trails for use by scientists around the world of. the structure is inspired by them and to read a species found in sub tropical and tropical oceans. we filter the

water for 30 minutes what we're looking for a micro plastics of. the net works exactly like a man to read a filter feeders. so what we catch is what u.s. feed all. of us are mounted on 1st. rays feed on so plankton which they channel into their mouth but these days that's not all the 40 odd species of raid that inhabit these waters consume. stacks that fit into this box on micro plastics they're smaller than 5 millimeter anything big this just and that plastics we make that distinction when we collect data. plastic particles like these will clog up the oceans for hundreds of years before disintegrating fully. the world.

marine animals feed on them with deadly consequences. it's. just us i think it's a fact other the 3rd or even a hole for these creatures consume is plastic. some $500000.00 tons of micro plastics waste and it's up in the mediterranean every year that's the equivalent of $34000.00 plastic bottles every minute the worst polluters a techie italy and egypt primarily due to tourism. an average $13000.00 plastic particles are now adrift per square kilometer of the mediterranean. does it breaks down more and more until it's micro plastic then marine animals feed on it and it enters the food chain. scientists like currently researching whether nano plastics end up in

fish and therefore in the food we eat. studies have shown that almost 75 percent of fish in the atlantic have ingested plastic. plastics are also detrimental to the ocean itself. 2 kilometers off the coast there researches have discovered ghost net fishing nets that have been left or lost in the ocean by fishermen. these accounts for about a 3rd of the plastic in the mediterranean. but what they found today of fishing nets that are probably used by fish men who are truly desperate. as it does some guys and this is about the 12 ghosts in it that we found this summer. they likely come from north africa it's a traditional way of fishing cast the net and just wait to see what they catch

a lot of them about the hope that it's very bad for turtles mainly because they tend to just swim straight into a net. back here in italy. and then before they know it and figure out who are trapped in all the rope and net them that's. nearly $400.00 types of marine animals have been found in nets like these once a sea turtle for example has got course in one it's almost impossible for it to free itself and it dies a painful death at least 100000 marine mammals and more than a 1000000 marine birds die in these nets india. this turtle got lucky their research has managed to free it but before these animals natural habitat can once again be safe and the world's oceans sprayed of plastic waste humans need to massively reduced their reliance on plastics.

why does it take so long for plastic to biodegrade in many cases hundreds of years . for example polypropylene is made up of propylene molecules the polymer has a long backbone of carbon atoms that form very strong bonds these chemical structures don't occur in nature so microorganisms contract them down effectively. but plastic has conquered alcohol. plastic bottles are made from petroleum they're light practical and can be found pretty much everywhere. globally a 1000000 are sold every single minute of the day if they were placed end to end the plastic bottles sold in 2016 would form a chain stretching all the way to the planet mercury but we don't need to go to mercury so you've bought a drink in

a plastic bottle and finished it what happens next. in an ideal scenario it will be really used some can be refilled up to 15 times if they're washed properly most aren't that sturdy though. many end up in a shredder where they're ground up into flakes of plastic. these can be used to make products like fleece clothing very nice except for the fact that every time the fleece is washed it releases plastic particles into the water. what about the rest of the plastic bottles they get thrown away or dropped right in the street or somewhere out in nature a significant portion of them land in dumps or are eventually carried out to sea. between 5 and 13000000 tons of plastic garbage end up in the ocean every year a huge problem because plastics can take up to 450 years to decompose. if plastic trash doesn't get caught in propellers on ships or isn't washed up on the

beach in the floating pieces grow smaller and smaller as they drift with the currents algae grows on their services and that draws fish and sea birds they think the particles are food and swallow them when too much collects in their stomachs real food no longer passes through and they starve. and if those fish end up in our nets they enter our food supply directly either is fresh or can see food do we want to eat that no we don't because it certainly isn't healthy just so do we actually need plastic bottles the short and clear answer is no there are many alternatives and best of all is to try to only use water from local sources good drinking water can be had straight out of the tap in many countries if it has to be transported bottles made of glass or stainless steel can do the trick and they can be used many times and are therefore a good alternative to plastic bottles soon we might even have ones made of algae.

that are composed of even bottles that you can eat there are many ideas out there. we don't just drink it was it provides us with green energy by hydroelectric power plants. most a flow through it that begins to tell high to electric generated turns this mechanical energy into. the problem is that fish and other creatures swim in the ocean and a pal of sounds like this means says he dead. so what's the answer. to . this little fellow isn't quite ready for action yet if it weren't being kept firmly in place it would disappear into the murky depths. is that this is unfortunately for the time being this fish lacks all intelligence it doesn't have a brain it doesn't have

a way to move or sensor system for now we're just checking the model. we want to know if it's capable of withstanding conditions in a turbine such as a current of 1.2 meters per 2nd and to see what happens to it. stefan her going to his team at the university of monta borg are working on a prototype of a robotic fish. in order to protect the many thousands of real fish that die every year travelling through hard rover electric power plants. lucile has been shredded by a turbine has biologist from wagner explains hydroelectric power plants are fraught with risks. getting directly hit by a turbine blade is one cause of death another risk is that a fish gets caught between moving parts and its skin gets torn or damaged. by

strong turbulence is also a. major problem because it means fish get thrown about like in a washing machine yeah you know washing machine or. hydroelectric power station operators in europe are supposed to ensure that fish can travel through their turbines safely for now real fish are used in the requisite safety tests and that's where robotic fish come in. the process of investigating mortality rates involves animal testing and in germany that killed several 1000 fish a year sometimes up to $100000.00. the tests don't always run as smoothly as this one here a fish is swimming through a turbine that's moving very slowly that's not always the case. the aim is to conduct such tests in future with robotic fish equipped with a lightweight drive system and sensors to supply the researchers with data about injuries sustained in hydroelectric plants. as

a source of renewable energy hydroelectric power plants are increasingly common so this is a problem that needs to be addressed. and the robotic fish could be a solution. but what if turbines destroy them to. plan is to build the head much like the black box of a plane so it will survive even if the rest is destroyed. it won't matter if the tail comes off you can just attach another one. but as long as the data are safe and can be recovered. while there is widespread awareness of the need to avoid cruelty to other animals the suffering of fish is often overlooked.

these aquatic robots should help put an end. to deter barm trauma. even if if seem pretty silent to us they do communicate with each other. clownfish click their teeth this make blubbering noises all sing like guts tearing past gets to speak to each other and subtle shocks seem to use visual cues to keep in touch. and. by the way from nigeria send us a question about that. how do you fish sea in water. underwater everything looks blurry to humans that's because water has a higher density than ab so light waves bend as they pass from at a water and a slow down that means an image isn't focused exactly on the retina as is the case

out of water but behind it hence the blur diving goggles compensate for that. little. girl or fish by contrast have almost spera cold hard lenses and can see everything up to a distance of one meter clearly. they're going. to look further away they are just focused by moving the lens closer to the retina. they still can't really see far but usually they don't need to. they have a wide panoramic view because of their side facing eyes. ultra wide angle camera lenses called fisheye lenses mimic this effect. fish see more colors than we can they have receptor is not only for red green and blue light but also for ultraviolet. in the dark

depths that helps them locate kray that sport brilliant colors fisherman use colorful bait to exploit this ability in fish. something shit turns out to can distinguish different human faces. as a study of archer fish found. they'd shoot down prey by spitting a jet of water. in the experiment they were trained to hit a picture of a particular face in most cases they succeeded. fish vision is far better adapted to water than ours otherwise they wouldn't survive. the problem is red y. are great but i'm going to have to. do you have a science question you've always wanted answered it. is saying it is and if we answer it on the show you'll get a little surprise as a thank you is it right come on just cause.

the most stories from the world of science go to our website or find us on twitter . these a was have fleas so plankton that are abundant in most lakes. they are only 2 to 6 millimeters in size when conditions are right they can reproduce pretty rapidly. but when environmental conditions on test conducive their eggs can lay dormant for years until the water or air is cleaner again this was the case in lake constance which borders southern germany switzerland and austria. lakes are home to complex ecosystems although lakes and ponds only make up 3 percent of the earth's surface they're an important natural habitat but they're

being thrown out of by. islands by overfishing pollution and climate change. constance in central europe once fell victim to some of these factors to. believe that of her mina is a researcher from indonesia she is examining how the lake has changed. its route on a 100000000 had before the 916 this lake was all ego trophic meaning it had a low level of nutrients but by the 1980 s. it had become a future afic this means that over the 1st child and plant life like algal can flourish to the detriment of animal life and its water quality decreased because of additional phosphates from agriculture and household waste the governments of the 3 countries that border the lake germany austria and switzerland decided to restore it and now it's all a good chance we could get in so it's returned to its natural state. researchers are trying to find out how aquatic life reacts when the lake changes in this way

from all eager trophic you trophic back either naturally all through human intervention knowing this is key to preserving lakes and their ecosystems 0 plankton such as daphnia are often used as test subjects because they react quickly to changes in the environment believed to up to reno has brought a variety of so plankton from the lake to be examined in the laboratory that are not like that into mia by studying they were plankton like def now we have to understand how early changes from year to only go church effect so from an overly high nutrient level which is not good for the ecosystem to a lower level and a better quality lake. the marine biologists conducted various experiments on daphne in the lab measuring their body size each time she wants to know how they respond when the level of audi which is their food supply decreases. she also

exposed them to a greater number of predators both of these are effects that occur in the shift from you traffic to all of the traffic waters. so i have up and i hope that i can use the knowledge i gained in germany when i returned to indonesia if i can understand how daphnia adapt to predators and to the availability of food then i can use that information to bring fish in a sandpit lake in indonesia using only natural food. if there were plenty in our natural food fish but i wanted to make the lake more beneficial to the community by creating an eco friendly fish farming area without artificial feeding only relying on the natural food in the lake. and out of me and that. lake constance is now a healthy body of water again the data that police are up to mena collect here will

hopefully help her to restore lakes in indonesia and to rejuvenate these vital ecosystems. that's all for now until morrow today will be back next week with more engrossing stories about science and technology until then but i.

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the to the fullest the creation of our solar system with our planet is a bit like winning the lottery that up there a solution to. what is earth fortuny start september 18th on t.w. . the battle for influence the media's role in a european public sphere the fist upon mine session of the global media forum. europe is facing the blue challenges of. developing the european public sphere especially digitally is one of the biggest challenges in the coming years. could the media please. join our discussion starts 1230 u.t.c. .

plague. play. the for this is d w news coming to you live from berlin. here's once again the no deal breaks it is a key deadline looms media reports say u.k. prime minister boris johnson is planning new legislation that would discard key parts of last year's you withdraw and raymond and push the 2 sides into a no deal scenario also coming up the poisoning of russian does.