distance wash your hands if you can date and how we are here for you we're working tirelessly to keep you informed on over platforms and we're all in the studio run together and we'll make it. stay safe everybody who stays in serious or takes a cruise industry said. this is g.w. news and these are our top stories u.s. president donald trump has used his video address it to the u.n. general assembly to launch a stinging attack on china trump accused beijing of spreading false information about the coronavirus early in the pandemic china's paying for his part warned against attempts to politicize the outbreak. the corona virus has now

claimed more than 200000 lives in the united states flags were planted in front of the washington monument to mark of the grim milestone the toll accounts for more than a one in 5 coded 1000 deaths globally and is putting a president donald trump's handling of the pandemic in the spotlight as he campaigns for his 2nd term in office. britain's prime minister boris johnson has called on people to observe new coronavirus restrictions or risk a 2nd lockdown johnson made the appeal in a televised address to the nation earlier he announced that england would expand its facemask requirements and introduce stricter rules on social gatherings this is g.w. news from berlin follow us on twitter and instagram at the yunus or visit our website w dot com.

the 4 horsemen of the apocalypse that is the imagery that the u.n. secretary general used today to describe the biggest threats to peace climate change unprecedented mistrust geo political tensions and the dark side of digital technology and he added a 5th horseman to these just hopi and dangers the coronavirus pandemic tonight a global health crisis that has made the global economy sick too if there are solutions where in the world in this world where we find the gulf in berlin this is the day. we have waged a fierce battle against the invisible enemy that china virus. facing the virus we should put people and life 1st. we must hold accountable

the nation which by the least display onto the world china. using. any attempt to dilute its size the issue bostick matteis they should and must be rejected by. china lock down travel domestically while allowing flights to leave china and infect the world essentially down the virus will be defeated humanity will with the special. also coming up with the viral times that bind what does briggs it britain still have in common with the rest of europe the coronavirus threat today prime minister boris johnson announced new restrictions that could last into 2021 if we fail. to get or not we will not only place others at risk could jeopardize.

futures. with the mood drastic that we would inevitably be forced to take. to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin the day in a world that seems unable or unwilling to save itself from itself today the annual u.n. general assembly convene this is the week when leaders from around the globe meet in new york city to talk diplomacy foreign policy discuss the present and the future this year thanks to the pandemic there are practically no get togethers face to face has been replaced with screen to screen the world together on zoom or today the head of the u.n. warned of a dystopian future mostly of our own making a broken down global order that we broke and only we can fix the speeches from world leaders that followed they did little to dispel the worst fears what we saw

and heard online was the unexpected and unusual morphing into a new normal us president donald trump he used his speech to lash out at china blaming it and the world health organization for allowing the coronavirus to spread on the day when america 1st meant america 1st with $200000.00 deaths president trump refused to take responsibility instead he continued his campaign of chipping away at the multilateral global order that the un represents china's president then responded to trump with a message illustrating how the unexpected is becoming a worrisome norm china rejected any culpability in the pandemic accusing trump of sticking his head in the sand while americans died and china offered itself as the defender of multi-lateralism a champion of the global order that's what beijing would like you to believe take a listen now to both presidents. as we pursue this bright future we must hold

accountable the nation which unleashed this plague onto the world china in the earliest days of the virus china lock down travel domestically while allowing flights to leave china and infect the world china condemned my travel ban with their country even as they cancel domestic flights and locked citizens in their homes. we should follow the guidance of science give full play to the leading role of the world health organization and launch a joint international response to beat this pandemic any attempt to politicize the issue or stigmatize action must be rejected. the virus will be defeated humanity will win this battle. we're going to be tonight you're the big chief international editor richard walker richard it's good to see you we've heard so many times that the best diplomacy is done in person this year thanks to the

pandemic we're not getting it we're going to diplomacy. does that make a difference i think it really does i think it really is a real problem bryan i mean of course it's normal for these speeches by the leader in the general debate to be used as grandstanding opportunities and we've certainly seen plenty of that today and we're going to talk about that sure in a moment but still like the event every year in new york is unique in the diplomatic calendar is the only time when all of these leaders get an opportunity to come together and that's what happens outside that chamber and outside those speeches that really matters when there are opportunities for their lives and also their teams to talk to each other and have kind of serendipitous seek out which you know can be fruitful so it is a real concern particularly for believes in diplomacy and believes in the power of his ears and we heard today beginning with president trump he opened the assembly

on the day that america surpassed the 2000 mark the death toll from the pandemic 200200 that's the highest level in the world and of most characteristically for donald trump when he's open for criticism he goes only and tack and that's what he did very robustly within his 1st breath he was talking about the china virus now there are genuine concerns about china in the early stages of the outbreak in rouhani in the center of the country at the end of last year beginning that how transparent they were with the world health organization also with with other countries about that but still this was pretty aggressive even. i don't know trump standards and also it's only adding to these fears that the u.s. and china are just headed for a kind of cold war scenario which the u.s. actually generally good terrorist explicitly warned against in his speech who was

donald trump speaking to today i want you to take a look at what the group america 1st policies posted immediately after donald trump's speech as we speak united states is also working toward afghanistan and we are bringing our troops all america's fault fairly got yesterday as peace backers but it is peace through strength so richard what do we have their reelection campaign spot i mean it's not that much of a surprise but we were watching it live it was a very contends to kind of a hit list of donald trump's view of the world and what he sees as his achievements you know donald trump speeches usually long famously rambling this was wham bam bam so it's not much of a surprise but i mean bear in mind there is an election in just a few weeks i think any president who was heading into an election like this would use an event like this to some extent to try and make some political points but it

was this was in trump style let's talk a little bit global geopolitics and how it's reflected at this meeting this is what the russian president vladimir putin said today about the status quo if you will take a. particular rules that russia has suggested convening a g. 5 summit it would reaffirming the key principles of behavior in international affairs elaborating ways to effectively address today's most burning issues it is encouraging that our partners have supported the initiative. u.g. 5 some but for the 5 members of the security council what does that tell us about the present day balance of power works yeah well it's interesting because he's standing up for a system that many sais is discredited that the u.n. security council is no longer functioning that it is in a state of almost permanent deadlock with vladimir putin and she's in pain from china on one side the united states on the other side and each of those having veto

powers which means that they can each block each other's initiatives and this has concrete implications i mean look at the war in syria that dragged on. this security council was unable to get over those veto hurdles to do anything meaningful to end that conflict and many smaller countries or particular grouping of smaller countries of which germany is a member is saying that we need to reform the u.n. security council that it needs to get bigger they need to get rid of these vetoes these get more diverse but the thing is what we see from putin here of course the vested interests and the powers of those members of the u.n. security council and just so powerful and no one likes to give up their power and you're exactly no one wants to change the status quo which means they would lose power and yet you've got donald trump champion an american retreat from multi-lateralism we're seeing that at the same time you've got the chinese president xi jinping showing the world that china is here to preserve the global

order as we know it well that's his argument and of course it's knees e.-a argument to make when you have donald trump. saying that well he said that every country should stand up for itself making the nationalist argument of course china's critics would say well you know. at the same time is involved in a border confrontation with india it's cracking down on human rights in hong kong it threatens taiwan within vacation and it is trying to expand it. control within the south china sea these are not the acts of a benign multilateralist out. as we go to richard and if you look on the home page of the new york times or the washington post for that matter you will really have to struggle to find an article about these speeches in the u.n. general assembly today what does it tell us the un does it still matter well i know this is the same thing and it is striking that german news sites featuring donald

trump speech more prominently than many american ones. i think we do have to stress the kind of american neglect and disinterest in the united nations is nothing that and you let me read you remember back in 1907 ted turner the founder of c.n.n. donated a $1000000000.00 to the united nations at a time when congress had stopped paying its dues george bush nominated as ambassador to the u.n. a man who had said the best thing you could do to the u.n. was to knock off a bunch of stories from the building so it's not so i think what's more important really is the biggest challenge to the u.n. at the moment is that so many countries with the u.s. at the pinnacle led by leaders who question the very idea of international cooperation yeah that's right there's a want lots of enemies right now of liberalism in those enemies or in power around the world richer walker chief international editor richard thank you.

all as we mentioned the death toll from covert 19 in the united states has now surpassed that grim milestone of 200000 that's the highest number for any country accounting for more than one in 519 deaths globally this tragic marker president trumps handling of the pandemic just as he campaigns for a 2nd term in office trump's democratic rival joe biden accuses trump of whining and incompetence both in. says are why the united states has the world's highest pandemic mortality numbers. where the numbers of new infections continues to rise in the u.s. and here in europe today british prime minister boris johnson said the u.k. has reached a perilous turning point and he laid out new restrictions that could last into 2021 the u.k.'s situation is most extreme in europe but all across the continent people

are curtailing their activities as the virus reminds us that it never left. he's waited 6 months for this bear for the 1st time since march pumps in ireland ever again pulling pints but the industry remains wary of a virus that hasn't gone away because we didn't believe until this morning we turned the key in the door that we were actually getting to open because because so many people started to work they only have to look at the capital dublin weapons have been told to stay shot to make a spiking case is that it's a stark contrast to the u.k. . where you're going to go where the government relaxed restrictions much earlier and is now warning of a 2nd wave of prime minister boris johnson who himself almost died from covert 19 back in march morning that the country had reached a perilous turning point he says if we fail to act together not

we will not only place others at risk but jeopardize our own futures with the more drastic action that we would inevitably be forced to take. new restrictions on pump opening time social gatherings and to moscow wearing will now come into force painful for any government trying to open up its economy. meanwhile hospitals in spain are battling western europe's highest kovac 19 case load health officials are considering whether to expand a lockdown light to include the whole of madrid. some of the families confined to their homes are confused by the mixed messages. as a rule so i can't go out but i can go to drink in munich germany the annual beer field october fest was cancelled but the drinking who's a still packed the good cheer belies the wiring searching coronavirus cases in the

city officials have now set mosques a mandatory in some scratches disease to hit this so hard to control it and those he told abide by the rules must be punished nor can you rules but one $101.00 sows and munich like much of europe is now wrestling with coronavirus all over again and hoping to defeat it without shutting down public life entirely. in london big muscular goods the u.k.'s place in this pandemic it's certainly not one to envy you mean it's the hardest hit country in europe the pandemic recession is the worst in the world you get the sense that the government is struggling to balance the health of the public with the health of the economy today's new restrictions do they maintain that balance. well this is obviously what

a lot of countries across the world are grappling with it's trying it's a balancing act basically in the u.k. we know that the scientific advisors of boys johnson they had also something much more strict they had really warned that the country is at the cross rites and that something quite drastic needed to happen in order to just cut it and go for example into its to read complete lockdown this is the ideas that was bandied around but then we also on the other hand there are economic advisors that is that and also the backbenches in the. own party who were really cautioning and they were worried that if quite drastic locked down would happen where for example hospitality industry restaurants would be shot and pubs would be shut that these businesses just wouldn't recover and that you just call it sort of open up and then shop open

not that this is not sustainable so in the end prime minister boris johnson is trying to strike this balance like so many other leaders of so many other countries and and i guess the jury is out whether this is sufficient or maybe whether it's not enough in order to just make it clear cut and stop this exponential rise of the virus that we're witnessing at the moment because you know it wasn't that long ago that boris johnson was talking about a return to normal in the u.k. by christmas but if you look at these new restrictions or me you have to admit these will not be fitting under any christmas tree. no and that was one of the most striking messages from johnson today that he said perhaps we're looking at restrictions for about 6 months so really pos christmas and this is not the usual optimistic boris jones. that people how of the u.k. have voted for you somebody you usually quite often these ridiculing what he calls

do is this and and he always tries to put this on the post back to on things but in this instance his message was very very stunned about the country has to brace itself for further restrictions and for quite a long time. speargun with the latest tonight in london you can thank you. 1972 it's been almost 50 years since the last astronauts left the moon and now finally we know when humans will return nasa has unveiled a multi-billion dollar plan called artemus it will send 2 astronauts to the moon in 2024 and one of them will be a woman to travel in a capsule white spacecraft called a ryan propelled by nasa as new rocket the space launch system

a number of companies are competing to build the lunar landing module the next eagle if you will but the timeline of the project that is dependent on congress approving billions in an initial funding by christmas nasa plans to have the astronauts conduct scientific experiments collecting rock and soil samples and searching for water and other resources. well here's nasa is head jim prime stuff and talking about the significance of this mission. 50 years after apollo we have a new program named after apollo twin sister and in this new program a sustainable return to the man for the 1st time in human history we're going to have the opportunity to send not just men to the moon but also women to the moon so the moon is the proving ground it's not just about how to get there but once you're there how do you live and work using the resources of another world and then of course taking all of that technology and all of that capability to mars that's the

goal our that was now said mr jim stynes speaking there joining me now from washington is keith cowing a nasa veteran and now editor of the american space program blog nasa watch t.v. it's good to see you again you know for a decade we have waited for a date for a return to the moon now we finally have it 2024 why is it so important for so many people that we have this time this date commitment well for me i grew up during the apollo era and we were told by the end of the decade and we did it and 72 i was a junior in high school so it's been a half a century for me and for a lot of other people like any other large project had to get a due date by which you're going to do something is important not only to guide your program but to keep the excitement up and 2024 is the landing date that's kind of soon so they're listening to make this happen and sort of getting excited about

the apollo missions had its genesis in the cold war it was about national pride competition why are astronauts going to the moon this time. well you don't sit here we have a saying that was then this is now there still is an issue of national pride in competition except bakaly you know space race as they called it the era it was us versus the soviet union the cold war now it's many nations in companies it's not just you know countries that go to the moon it's private companies so the competition comes from many directions and has many players so it's a little more difficult so you have pulled up the score and say who's ahead but i guess the simple answer is more people more companies more nations can go to the moon and they're going to go do you think that nasa is or has its eye on what the chinese are doing because they really are pushing to have

a presence beyond earth oh absolutely they're paying attention and a lot of them are you know folks at nasa are happy to see this because it brings attention to us some people here think we have to compete with everybody but other people realize that you know the more people as i said before the war or people who want to go the more reasons there are to go and the more reasons there are to go the chances are that more people will go sort of a circular argument but it seems to be working just fine right now and we learned vet the this moon lander you know of the next generation of the eagle if you will it will be touching down at the south pole of the moon can you tell us why. well. kind of the reason for going down there is that the apollo missions lead it in the equitorial regions whereas the south pole offers a totally different environment than we've ever sent you he means all robots too and there's a chance that there could be some water ice or some sort of mixture of rocks and

water ice that can be mined for useful or rocket fuel and for other purposes so it's the ideas that go places where we've not gone before and we know that nasa is doing something which we didn't have with the apollo mission and that it's relying on private companies like jeff bezos blue origin or elon musk's space x. to come up with essential hardware for the mission do you see this as being a big gamble or a big risk i mean what's your assessment i think it's probably less risky to have more players in to not just rely on government programs to be quite honest with the if you look at the progress that the large s.l.'s rocket has made and it's many years behind many billions over yet if you look at what space x. is doing they're launching rockets for a fraction of the cost and they can afford to blow them up just to test a new system so i think quite frankly the smart thing to do is what nasa has done

and that is to bring the private sector and nasa says that it would like to see artemus be a sustainable mission unlike apollo 15 years ago sustainable as in a permanent presence on the moon is that what we're talking about. well it's funny you should ask that because that's the question i asked the administrator yesterday sustainable means different things to different people yes your estimation yes if the idea is you go there you just don't go there wait a flag and leech it you go there he set up a base so that each successive mission can have something to work with an independence but other people see sustainable is whether you know congress says you know we think we can stick sustain the budget so it's sort of an old phrase here where he says it depends on where you sit so sustainable space semantics if you will have at about 20 seconds if i me ask you do you see a date coming anytime soon for when we can have a mission to mars. well you know the middle of the next decade the 20

thirty's is what everybody's been meaning for but they've been in there for 10 or 20 years and when i was a kid we were told we were going to land on the moon for 981 so now you know it gets dark some 13 at the dart board. say where it lands all right kate kelly get a pair of nasa watch dot com always good talking with you thank you a pleasure. well the day is almost done with the conversation it continues online to find us on twitter either you w. news or you can follow me at brant golf t.v. and remember whatever happens between now and then on earth or on the moon tomorrow is another day and see that everybody.

foodways games after the harvest. of fresh fruits often end up in the garbage instead of the supermarket. that should change with the peel in the liquid setting creases in the soaked life of food. is this the way to avoid

food waste. 3000. next on. can inspire. people. to go out for coffee sometimes to. join them as they set out to save the environment learn from one another worked. for a better future. many cars do you all for tuning in for good. in 60 minutes on d w. conspiracy at the sony console a. body that will never be solved. a plot connected to the highest levels of government. why do journalists shuggie have to

die. the worst threat comes from. years later and the reasons are still unclear. the case of the jump. starts september 30th on w. . welcome to global 3000 this week we find out how young people in uganda attending their dreams into reality. we learn about a potential solution for global food waste. and we need to tell

professor document in the effects of global warming in the sahara. more than a 3rd of our planet is made up of deserts and dry lands and that percentage is rising every year an additional 70000 square kilometers of fertile land tends to desert the main course is a deforestation. overgrazing and the over use of water brazil says all of which deplete the soil of essential minerals with temperatures set to rise over the coming decades the rate of desert if acacia is likely to speed up considerably more to scarcity is already a problem for 1000000000 people most of them in africa. the world risk index says the situation is particularly precarious in this the held region. lake chad in west central africa people here have lived from fishing and farming for thousands of years it appears the democrat at 1st glance. but one of the world's

biggest environmental catastrophe says unfolding here. 20 years ago the lake surface shrank by 90 percent and now climate change has brought extreme weather that's just drawing the local farmers' livelihoods. photographer andy spiral is working on a photo project that documents the effects of climate change in the entire silo. spyros the last reporter in the region before the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic back home in germany africa's problems seem far away still they have a direct impact on europe. asia 1000000 people live in the sahara region their livelihoods will be taken away in the coming years and decades the people have to go somewhere and go they will just a matter of where. on lake chad spiral experienced 1st hand how the

climate catastrophe lead to conflicts wars terrorism and outer king. extreme weather is getting worse harvests are failing and large parts of lake chad can no longer be traversed because nature can no longer provide for the people here there are intense fights over the remaining resources entire villages have been burned down. smaller into villages that ended up at war with each other and it was clearly about resources it was but access to water access to food and fishing rights the weapons they used were as archaic as the landscape spears bows and arrows. of people die on lake shot each year due to the regional conflicts that have been brought to the region. and the spiral has photographed in syria afghanistan and in the

balkans he shoots with a wide angle lens which means he has to get close up to people. spyros work isn't limited to foreigners also photographs of islamic extremists women who. understands the interplay between hunger or religious extremism from seeing firsthand including our own. drives around the lake at night and recruits young men the offer of $500.00 and a k $47.00 is very enticed him to someone whose livelihood is disappearing. from that cottage and. also went to nigeria where the conflict between the nomads and the farmers has been escalating for years it's now one of the bloodiest civil wars in the world for a week spiral accompanied muslim falana nomads as they drove their cattle herd southward during the dry season. but passengers caused the situation to

explode when herds grazed on farming land the farmers shot the cattle the nomads burned down the farmers villages in retaliation both believe they're in the right and the government is unable to resolve the conflict. later we heard the other side of the story we went to the christian farmers and listened to their version of what happened to this one village called it was completely destroyed by the people. dozens of people were massacred people were decapitation of and they took the heads with them it was very brutal system. in mali internal conflicts lead to a military coup. troops marched through the streets of the capital bamako and force president cantor and prime minister singh to resign. not even the deployment of the german military which had been in the country for 7 years could prevent the total collapse of the government. in march and the spiral was in mufti an area that was once popular with tourists today the region is isolated and

millions of civilians suffer violence there caliphates and ethnic militias but no government in mali hasn't been seen for quite some time. we wanted to put me in the so we went to visit there with the prime minister and there was an armed unit a kilometer long at least a 100 vehicles just so we could visit the village says a lot about security there or. more than 2000000 people from the lake chad region have fled due to hunger war and extremism and the spiral is provocative pictures show the impact this has on people and how violence leads to trauma and devastation . they have no choice but to flee and they won't be the last.

hunger is on the rise all over the world it now affects around 820000000 people and yet some 1300000000 tons of food a wasted every year in developing countries this is often down to a lack of infrastructure as a result on average $6.00 to $11.00 kilos of food a waste. this way per person per year in industrial nations that figure at least 10 times greater retailers and consumers often toss out food just because it no longer appears frash extending the shelf life of projects could improve the situation. in the. fruit and vegetables rotting in fields or during transportation to consumers. according to the u.n. food and agricultural organization or f a o some 14 percent of food is lost after harvesting before it reaches the market or

retailer. if you go to a particular country or particular village you are likely to see varying levels of food losses and these you pending on the situation would go up even to 50 percent if you're talking about let's say fruits and vegetables for example if they're from one does not find a market for that but the glove food product in a timely basis now this is huge amount of food and if you you convert it into a monetary fund this is a lot and if you wait it is well into the laws to the environment or the environmental impact that is also huge. when that happens water pesticides and resources used for transportation are all wasted. some 70 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions can be traced back to food loss and waste. the chief causes include problems of transportation

and refrigeration. path from harvest to kitchen table is a race against time. a california based company appeals sciences might be able to help. founder james rodgers and his team have developed a liquid that could extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. appeal is a little exactly like it sounds peel we apply to the surface of fresh produce you can't see it yet if you look well it slows down the factors that cause the fruit to age. it helps even without refrigeration. appeal is a liquid coating that dries into a kind of edible skin. the coating helps the projects last up to 4 times as long. as time time to transport the project to storage and to eat it before it spoils.

appeal is based on lip it's another natural compounds found in fruits and vegetables. there are extracted and blended into a tailor made solution. by combining them in the rate ratios when they dry a dry into an arrangement that allows us to control the factors that cause street to age which are basically water going out and oxygen going in so same materials were just a new trick by finding the right formula to apply to different kinds of produce early given the same kind of protection that you have a lemon on a cucumber or on a. wholesaler nature's pride sell some $120000.00 tons of fruits and vegetables a year. the imports from 59 countries especially latin america in

rotterdam the imported projects continues to ripen before it's sorted packed and shipped to the retailer spoilage and waste is a common problem in the industry but the company hopes to minimize these losses in the future. the way they actually bought it and they don't use it and that costs money so in the chain if we don't know what a way you don't spend that money wrongly with the be a we can reduce waste was 50 percent and then we did a little. food that used to land in the trash can now be sold. every day nature's pride treats 6 tons of those with the peel before sending them to supermarket shelves across europe. the main customers are in scandinavia germany and the netherlands. nature's pride is the 1st company in europe to use appeal. they're planning to start treating other kinds of fruits and vegetables. as

mine is going by air by using a few we might give them the possibility go by boat and that is a forces they need and our state so there's lots of opportunities. so far the new technology is mainly being used by large companies smaller ones can't afford it. but appeal says planning to change that with a new business model in which retail chains and supermarkets pay smaller producers and farmers to install the necessary set up in return they receive longer lasting produce. farmers in places that haven't had access to national international markets could also benefit. and so the opportunity is to be able to use appeal to reduce the transport station costs and increase the quality so it's not a it's a way 'd for a small producer to grow something that's intrinsically valuable to collect some of that value. extending the shelf life of projects will help but it won't end the problem of food loss and waste. for that transportation and refrigeration systems

will also need to be improved and expanded. consumers will have to stop throwing food away and start only buying what they're actually reads. this week in global ideas we look at employment opportunities how can jobs be created for young people while at the same time protecting our planet and its resources just outside the ugandan capital kampala our reporter julius move visited a learning harbor which encourages young people to turn their creative visions into reality. our whole school obst will only be able to one mother died from injuries for software so i turned in my opinion. into a motivator and. i never knew what i'm doing. this big tell me and couldn't vote them and. i thought and out i thought discriminated

because of my often falling from malaria i am now part of the solution in my country. to people each with a vision journal the bigger produce is so quick to say that repels mosquito according to the un every 2 minutes a child under the age of 5 dies of malaria. even if i'm not saving all the kids that are suffering great now i am being the ones that i can john merrick is founder and director of the green business up cycle africa which builds houses others recycled plastic bottles. transforming that was in africa into improvement opportunities for money people saw. affordable homes consumer graduates of the social innovation academy all seen official.

it's located in the town of p.v. about 30 kilometers south of uganda's capital kampala. here young people including oftens and street kids learn how to develop their ideas into successful businesses due to the current 19 pandemic a new few students are currently able to attend classes on campus. it is not giving them information like a teacher this is what you need to do or this is the right answer but helping them to discover their own answers to understand what are the next steps what i've. achieved what they want to do german social entrepreneur unfounded c. know in 2014 for people who want to build their own career paths the academy is financed by donations it's been over 10 years since i've only chosen and john mary while volunteering in an orphanage they've known each other a long time. that one quick.