the roses. it's a quick and relatively stress free best for the child but one with potential long term consequences to health. in. recent studies have been investigating the longer term effects of this is area and birth pediatrician dominic singer is familiar with the research. certainly we now know that babies delivered by c. section end up with very different intestinal bacteria compared to children who are delivered by vaginal birth. that comes as no surprise to gynecologist. he says that when a baby passes through the birth canal it's bathed in the mother's microbes than. when babies are born in a vaginal delivery they come into contact with the mother's natural micro biome that's the normal course of things so their immune systems are activated in

a different way if it and that we go. and. compared to us is area of a gentle bath is more stressful for the baby but that stress is also useful because stress hormones help the new born adjust to life outside the womb. they help clear the palm unary alveoli the little s.x. in the lungs of amniotic fluid so the newborn can breeze. the stress of labor is also believed to help the liver unlock its energy reserves which the newborn can draw on when the umbilical cord is cut. then there are the microbes the baby encounters in the birth canal which help colonise the baby's gastro intestinal tract. contact this 1st

contact with bacteria allows a particular micro biome to develop in the newborns gosh. so newborns have a characteristic got micro biome of. babies born by says area and aren't exposed to the birth canal so they end up with a different mark rubio. was almost feared. in one study researches analyzed stool samples of nearly 600 new bones they found that babies born by c. section tended to lack certain strains of healthy gut bacteria including back to roy g.'s. the guts of c section babies were dominated by opportunistic bacteria such as enter a caucus and throwback to and klebsiella which circulate in hospitals. but the study didn't look at whether these differences affect the child's long term health . but i would think short advice is what we do suspect is a link between us is very in birth and what we call diseases of civilization as we

call that specifically includes diseases linked to gut microbes biota like intestinal diseases long diseases and certain conditions which. studies have found links to chronic bronchitis a.d.h. d. and obesity in the 1st 8 years of a child's life and to respond to treat diseases it's possible other factors explain the slightly increased risk so more research needs to be done. via the dom floor. and we do believe that got micro biota are important for the development of our immune system. because our spiritual illnesses and asked have to do with the immune system with them it's possible that there's a causal link to. this here. because our liberty or.

a handful of clinics have experimented with what is called seeding trying to give newborns born by c. section some bacteria from the mother to recreate what would normally happen in the birth canal. but so far no studies have supported this practice. what is clear is that breastfeeding is good for guts micro biota. breast milk promotes exactly the kind of bacteria that belong in the infants in testing. talked with him and the close contact between mother and child helps transfer of the micro biome of during nursing breastmilk is not sterile but also transfer of some of the mother's micro biota. says ariens can be necessary and even life saving the w.h.o. says that's true for between 10 and 15 percent of births worldwide today though c section rates are far higher than that in many countries. to breastfeed

or not to breastfeed that's always the question many women have to breastfeed others don't perhaps because they can from a medical standpoint but one thing is clear breastfeeding is great for the baby and the milk comes pre-packed steroids and well temperate. 5 months ago nina gave birth to her 2nd baby she has experience with breast feeding and everything's going well with henry but with her 1st son james who is now 3 years old it was difficult. started pretty soon after the birth of the 1st or 2nd night in hospital they kept weighing him they told me he was putting on enough weight and they needed to keep an eye on that. i was already breastfeeding pretty much round the clock. still exhausted from the birth she quickly felt overwhelmed. by things with tennis and stressful and when james

started losing weight they said they'd give him extra food and that's when he started to wonder what to do and whether breastfeeding would still work up to some and. nina was determined to breastfeed and was disappointed by the advice to. her baby a bottle still she agreed to do it but then she started to worry that her son wouldn't want to be breastfed at all anymore. i soon noticed that james wasn't drinking as well anymore it happened fast and i thought if i want to keep breastfeeding then we need to ensure that things change the 3 of us and that. worldwide less than half of all infants under 6 months of breastfed exclusively which is what the world health organization recommends. that's because it reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome diarrhea ear infections overweight and type 2 diabetes. and for

a mother breastfeeding reduces the risk of ovarian breast and endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease. at this clinic a mother gave birth to twins 9 weeks prematurely one of the babies are still in intensive care it's especially important that this little guy is breast fed. the pediatrician asks the mother how things are going and whether she's getting enough help at the clinic yasuo she says she is but that the staff tend to be pretty busy. so the amount of support that mothers get is just one factor that determines to want extent breastfeeding is encouraged in any given country compared internationally germany is only mediocre on that score. was pretty. good maternity protection for working mothers better than many other european

countries. but there are several areas where we could improve a lot and helping with breastfeeding is one of them and it's reasonable to go to the hospitals and in encouraging more social acceptance which are much more but. still difficult for women to breastfeed. public it should be a matter of course that mothers can breastfeed in a cafe or subway without getting strange looks or. that. when women give birth primitive early breast milk is often not sufficient during the 1st few days of the baby's life. so it's important to have donated milk to fall back on the. clinics often have breast milk banks where mothers can donate their surplus milk for use by others. back to emphasize. we currently giving donated breast milk to babies that weigh less than 1000 grams and are at less than the 30th pregnancy week . we'd love to feed all babies under 1500 grams but unfortunately current storage

capacity and donation metals don't allow for that. studies show that donated breast milk is better than commercially produced baby feed which is usually based on cows milk ready. they don't often use every drop is incredibly precious on the breast milk bank has made all the staff very much aware of that. so desk. whenever a mother is on able to produce milk and sad about that everyone is immediately committed to helping and advising these women. who bought. stuff at the hospital advise new mothers on how to ensure that babies are feeding properly and they're on hand to answer their questions. and want. the extra help in the clinic is having an effect many more women are now managing to breastfeed their babies on their own after they go home. doctors here say improved professional support for breastfeeding mothers and more acceptance in society isn't too much to ask on such

an important matter and could make a huge difference. is in schools and today there's a lot more awareness amongst the general public breastfeeding is a good thing and many women are proud to be able to breastfeed which they should be we've achieved a lot but there's still room for more there are clear steps that we could take to move forward. to just. me that says she managed to battle her way through with james thanks to the help of a breastfeeding group and after the initial difficulties she really enjoyed it. i mean as you know it's so cute to have him so close to me those moments the west and waiting gold. and it's the healthiest option for her children. and what about you today are you planning to help some birthday i have a day off today really yeah so let's grab some ice cream pentathlon ok and that's

it for today so until then let's all try to stay in good shape i have chocolate chocolate meeting up with chris right absolutely.

in a globalized world. where everything is connected. all it takes. to set things in motion the. local hero show how their ideas can change the world to. global 3000. on t w. i am not. sometimes.

senseless and. what makes me feel the stronger the months obliterates the ball is so strong that it can not be torn down. we celebrated the 30th anniversary. cation october 3rd on t.w. . every 2 seconds a person is forced to flee their home nearly 71000000 people have been forcibly displaced. the consequences to sas troops our documentary series displaced depicts traumatic humanitarian crises around the world you know. forget them i didn't go to university to kill people that i don't want to have my boss come to me and tell me to kill someone living in many and if i don't they'll

kill me. for their lives and their future so they seek refuge abroad. scares me the most about their status seem to rise is that someday we won't even see the roots. but what will become of the person who stayed behind it's if my husband went to peru because of the crisis. if he hadn't gone there we would have died of hunger. that sentiment down. just starts october 16th.

this is news live from berlin 2 people are wounded one seriously and a knife attack in paris police arrested one suspect after the attack which took place near the former office of such a magazine charging adult the scene of an islamist attack in 2015. also coming up a global day of climate action gets underway.