as opinions are polarized into opposing camps diversity of viewpoints and nuances disappear. small highly motivated groups often attract so many clicks that their positions appear to be much more representative than they really are. genuine tyranny of minorities who are allowed in others unfortunately tyrannies know how to exploit the apathy of good reasonable people. he said recently i can really design them up you accumulate arguments that have nothing to do with each other and which are all quite weak but bundled together the unprepared mind thinks they can't all be false. gods why conspiracy theories all the anti vaccine movement have such persuasive power that it's not legal believe each and every argument but there are so many of them. yet there are.

mental shortcuts help our brains save energy but they also need to biases such as the least effort principle which make us easier targets. early to relisten conspiracy theories have existed for a long time in human imagination. rehashing is an internet speciality since old fake news is quickly forgotten it can be used again this fresh news a few months later. unlike us the internet never forgets. do you know since the internet has transformed an oral tradition into a written one at the end with the copy paste function it's easy to distribute silly nonsense. it's like a dialogue of the deaf when a small group like the $911.00 truth there's still believes the fall of the twin towers was a government conspiracy. you do to. believe

that it's impossible for an inexperienced pilot to fly a boeing with control because a video gamer fail to do so is far from reality t.v. once in the air when flying is almost child secret you could train a chimpanzee to do it. deploy furthermore no one had ever seen an aircraft crash at full speed into one of the most solid buildings ever built originally pentagon good . only if you get excited it's pointless to argue with those who believe in conspiracy theories such as that the american government deciding aliens. have bought the mainstream media shouldn't feed off twitter reports only legitimate news of you not engage with things that are cured of your e m d oh shit. the least effort principle might be seen as the father of all biases being lazy can be

useful and we can all be a bit gullible on the. did this we don't have the power to completely disconnect from our prior knowledge and. hopes and emotions. we are almost always biased only process information which isn't necessarily bad but it serves a function it reduces the difficulty of processing our environment. it too fast there are 2 ways to accomplish a reasoning task one is more in shoes with automatic and faster and demands less continuity of juice the other exercises reasoning and reflection and requires more competent resources. you know not to too far is a great article saying that 70 percent of internet users only read headlines and to prove it the body was in placeholder text many people shared it saying 70 percent of internet users only read headlines. this is kind of reduction in if it is

frightening gleeful most of all so our brains are lazy in general we go through every day life and belief mode. and belief mode has advantages over knowledge because it doesn't require much effort we just believe on quote this is. true this is. the belief about camp trails it imagines a conspiracy whereby the american government and the pharmaceutical industry use airlines to spread toxic substances to poison people and influence world affairs. the main suspects are human reptile hybrids and more luminati a young creature easy to mean it's. good quite there are many erroneous beliefs that don't have any knock on effects people believe the sun moves around the earth it's what they see every day the sun rises in the east and sets in

the west the scientific truth here is abstract and it is fiction the tips that i have on that ticket is here let's not worry about such in consequential beliefs we should focus on those beliefs that have consequences. if a group wants to change the law because they believe in camp trails that's something we should deal with on the could by their particular everyone has opinions i always say twitter and facebook are really just part talk all this that on a global scale. that given the past always stayed at the bar whereas now our nonsense is put on twitter and broadcast to the world. even the most intelligent person in the world could still be fooled by a magician. because that person does not have access to all the information religion has. which can lead to the impression of precedence we'll tell it will take all the spontaneous appearance of an object an object or call it there's over

there's always a trick i'm convinced that even albert einstein could have been taken in by magic we know there's a trick but we like to forget while watching the release of oil. unlike the internet we do not have unlimited resources the principle of least effort makes us accept easy explanations we only see what we want to see and we adopt the majority view. that all the vision we invent a magic trick we create those conditions ultimately we for the brain and make it draw false conclusion it's all falls. on. the fact that our the fault is to rely on automatic cognitive processes allows the internet to make use of anything that is likely to deceive the spread of computer viruses and online scams are good examples as these largely play on our instinctive

biases the fundamental law for it takes a similar skill set to plan a bank robbery has to come up with a trick that puts a cell phone inside a bottle of doubles and what they call this ng in computer science a virus is generally a program designed to act militia slee on a computer monitor a small sort of lot or when absolute restrict to. do with 2 parking lots and lots of people pick them up to commence all implodes. works since world. war 231 person books are both because. that's what i measured it as it's magic is often associated with scams because we use similar tactics. the simplest advice which sadly is seldom followed is to carry out updates the least effort principle is a boon for scam artists we rarely change default settings and often use predictable passwords. the best and i don't think anyone is 100 percent protective we all have

subconscious prejudices we all have things we believe or want to believe while any one of us can be fooled by a scammer who pulls the right string and appears at the right moment while. computer experts have more information than most of us. we sometimes forget that storing data in the cloud actually means sending it to massive data centers. there are many many websites that talk about can trace the lochness monster in such . let's consider how many sites internet users may visit to learn about a subject called who devised what look at more than 30 so if we take the top 30 sites listed on google search and look at how many support a particular belief or ja many argue it out from

a rational point of view and how many a neutral up to look we find that 70 percent of those sites will support a belief with this. quite yes. cognitive biases help us to tame our fear of the unknown we have a tendency to adopt the 1st belief that fills a void. when you ask someone whether they're superstitious most will say no this let's you it's been shown that superstition is related to uncertain situations that our brain is trying to control our environment that's probably one reason why we've survived this well. to make sense out of a disturbing event people and situations where they are losing or of lost control or more easily reliant beliefs superstitions and conspiracies. in everyday life the feeling of losing control often translates into accept just

touching wood for luck consulting horoscopes or exploring new beliefs. is the owner of a specialist boutique in quebec that serves an ever growing demand. for an additional 6 or 9 o'clock we are other bands we cannot control in our lives are quite good county and i believe that when we are more balanced it's easier to navigate these moments. of the moment oh i don't think i wrote a song portland. or rather the direction. superstitions have long roots 2 millennia after ptolemy no one has updated the zodiac although the constellations have moved on most people who believe they were born under the sign of virgo for example probably want. to be able to discern evaluate we generally need to have something else to compare

it to so if there is an object being sold for 20 although it's normally worth for a normal brain will feel this is a good deal right. to treat a train when the families we can call an anchor. according to the anchor bias we rely heavily on the 1st piece of information we receive this goes beyond economics . professor of cognitive sciences is especially interested in and curative theories as children we tend to form our own theories about the world that are meant to explain every day events around us but aren't necessarily accurate they don't necessarily comply with the scientific view of the world but these intuitive ideas never go away they're suppressed and if a person is burdened under time pressure or has a lot on their mind this intuitive understanding we emerges with is.

it took us a lot longer to say that a plant was alive than to say an animal was alive because plants don't move so our earliest understanding of alive just not something that can move on its own. with the anchor bias and the confirmation bias we have developed a series of automatic responses that make us more efficient as we go through daily life one analogy literally of visiting a country which is a very different culture. can feel that we experience cognitive pity because we are constantly having to learn as such our expectations and our knowledge is very useful in enabling us to function on a daily basis. cognitive laziness does not necessarily translate to lack of energy on the contrary believers often increase their efforts to solidify their belief so all the true believers are more motivated than the average citizen and because they are more driven by occupy the spaces left empty in the deregulated information

markets empty chairs in this market and good. that produces a terrible effect this tyranny of minorities can convince people who are undecided to side with them. and other powerful effect on line is conformity conformity is an active part of confirmation bias members of a homogenous group will ruthlessly reject any element that does not conform to their collective beliefs. yes the internet is extraordinary but we must be able to train people so that in the future they can read the internet. because i do the bending utensils trick officers because i know that some people think it really is possible imagine that this is in our collective imagination because of everything that happened around. because of what they've seen in films that allows them to dream. believing in fantasies helps us to feel cognitive forwards and may

make us feel like we're privy to a secret like we're one of the initiators. a good example is the discussion surrounding the many theories about how intricate monuments were built. a few times the base of the great pyramid f.t.'s that divided by its height gets rough they said $3.00 dividing the large circle around the base by the small circle where then gives the speed of light and then there's the golden ratio one wonders who design. lesions of all age groups the ones who get most of their information online a younger people typically and they're also the most likely to believe what they read online or not done it. by my couldn't imagine my life without the internet that's for sure books are good but with computers like unlimited books. twitter and snap chat give me about as. most of the information on facebook isn't

necessarily credible. but young people don't come here to buy magazines and buy no more magazines newspapers no more anything. who are my actual 10 years young man around young and that no one no. the key is proportions have a factor of 2.64755 that of the pair met squared 7 the number of virginity we find pi again and the speed of light so who designed this mysterious paris. our company tobias as help us filter input to avoid cognitive overload. these mental watchdogs are not so much essential as they are never going to his. but on the

internet and a manner of filtering is quickly seen as control propaganda and concealment. buys on the somali lawful master of this information market was once regulated by gatekeepers by guardians of the threshold but usual which is to say journalists politicians academics and a whole series of people who were trusted to disseminate information in public places as opposed to. the internet anyone can express their opinions to the world directly and that's good. but in the nixon era we were lucky that there were honest players within a society of the spectacle that says it did this big that was really you know members today there isn't even a spectacle today it's a society of about a spectacle so to speak that. role or least when you have. any journalist academic or writer who has tried to expose or criticize these things

that any given moment down themselves immediately accused of being part of a conspiracy. when things go viral we rarely check the content against expert testimony before believing it. our cognitive biases discourage us from investing the time and effort. by one or skill in the past when we. in the book though we knew that someone had taken the trouble to write it edit it and to get it published that exists because of this it was of the studious process that if you're posting on social networks is something you can do with one hand on your smartphone on a bus or another to visit. but the 1st battle the battle for attention has been won. we're in an attention economy where the amount of the brain time you can bring to your site is monetized information available has greatly increased since the early 2000 us feel. the need to create

your seeds on the condition it is an intermediate and you know what they say about men with small hands. if you have to speak very loudly and one way of speaking loudly in the information economy is to make outrageous statements you know the 2nd amendment people maybe there is outer. deregulated information market also means tension to radicalize discourse and the uncomfortable feeling of living in a society where everyone think. it's clear that political debates in the us but not only in the us tend towards hysteria assisted easy. nothing we can skim ocracy is better than playing on public opinion and for instance disseminating accusations about politicians sex

life or secret photos the photo so even if these are complicated the damage is done made in the early foetus political fights seem to have become battles for attention more than for conviction. if you can for people also for political ends i think the intellectual process is unfortunately very similar to misleading and deceiving people. that it's. traditionally journalists whether watchdogs have democracies. but can they hold on to this role in a virtual world and if not who will replace them. with your priest anonymous we're not. we are well romantics just human beings idealists who want to see a better future. for mongolia as a young computer entrepreneur and a proud member of anonymous a movement striving to reclaim freedom of expression in the internet era he agreed

to be interviewed without a mask. suki disconcertingly saying that you don't need your communications to be private because you're not a criminal is similar to saying you don't need freedom of speech because you have nothing to say about low cost today is it. anyone including. you can't return with. the supply of foreign coach for her. for reasons so they buy game. it's not a crime to have values out there where the dark web is an attempt to regain independence and freedom of communication between humans. sure russia to be. the international russian t.v. network financed by the kremlin post all sorts of conspiracy theories originating in very ideological circles. russia today.

r.t. has often shown journalism that wins awards. and that maybe proves that the truth is not necessarily to be found in mainstream media. we distrust the media as the press or even scientific experts on certain issues. are politically motivated misinformation and disinformation further amplify feelings of mistrust and insecurity. in the it's like a hobby if someone is hashanah to about collecting the champagne corks they can devote hours and hours to it i believe that here we are dealing with people who've gone crazy about their hobby who. continually do it. to glisten i think conspiracy theories doesn't mean that they don't exist. it's called no move your

when we do it arouses extraordinarily violent reactions see it will go over insults and name calling to intimidation into actual threats work of all of us. even versing with people you don't know one line who often use pseudonyms amplifies the violence of these exchanges it doesn't take long before you compare the other to hitler or a nazi time as well. when charlie hebdo was attacked in france conspiracy theories were online just hours later the. january 7th on the day of the attack i logged more than 20 different conspiracy theories that what i do with brooke 4 days later there were already more than 100 saw argument of you and you can put. these i can evolve myself among the people who feel as if their integrity to be attacked 20 also feel their fundamental

belief that the world is a safe place has been shall kill them only down on the security. descend from asian can maintain a state of denial it gives us the impression that we have regained a certain amount of control allowing us to keep our faith and our strongest convictions. nourse you see if we listen to the media we end up hating ourselves as muslims and each other. scriptures i prefer to believe in conspiracy theories i found sources but i can't cite them i'm a muslim and i don't want to believe those people can kill in the name of god he. lit out his. exit terrorists have a psychological intuition about what their actions provoke in people. physical labor how it's kind of terror shakes the fundamental belief that one needs to have to live in our societies the confidence that our lives will not be menaced every day. and are free at least will. the loss of control by us can have

a direct impact on other types of beliefs such as on the belief in conspiracies. by conforming you can give in to an idea and feel that it has always been your truth up to big like a revelation would remember community last year you function in spirit if there is can be consoling i don't like this reality so find another and flee their problems are quite plain that we don't have a truth problem with uty it's a trust problem for us. to paraphrase brenda lee's know it takes a fountain times more effort to reestablish trust and to shake it. instant access to all of human knowledge has paradoxically brought us to a place where we have devoting less and less time to being one of informed and fewer people a paying heed to scientific fact. on the to do that if we all have cell phones but few people really understand how they work it's a bit like magic of the average week series of almost all mixing up serious facts

with crazy information to excite certain natural tendencies in our minds just because we say what's the story about giants they've discovered skeleton really we're even if we don't believe it we want to see the fake photos to keep it up. we must be wary of what we call the authorities all white coat effect you appear on t.v. in a white lab coat and all of a sudden you have more authority. if it comes from a site no one has heard of but ask yourself there are other sites talking about this if it's unbelievable spectacular news in just one side is talking about it it's a spacious look up our spirit series if you know me to state that there's a limoges teapot orbiting mars or pluto well then it's up to you to prove it it's not for me to say no there's not i can't prove that it doesn't exist of us but both of it is true that. however there is adapted conspiracy theories leave it to others to refute their beliefs planting doubt is enough for them. i

believe that humans could have rubbed shoulders with dinosaurs is easier to swallow than the fact that mice and elephants have a common ancestor the creationist movement uses this belief to joyfully discredit the evolution of the species yes you know some creationists have made it into universities and swear in the name of science that you badly photoshop photos of storks could be terrible. to hell with science films and cartoons loved the idea of rubbing shoulders with dinosaurs. but you know as soon as there's a division of knowledge i have to trust my colleagues otherwise i'd have to always repeat every experiment which is impossible to. watch for feel that you feel i think we need to recognize differences and constantly distinguish we need to reestablish hierarchies where there is a tendency to level all sources of information onto the same playfulness who can give. information market revolution has to be accompanied by an education

revolution to develop truly critical minds that. we all have cognitive biases they are present within us no matter how intelligent or educated we are. but you point out extinguish the part of our brains that loves to discover things that is curious and loves to grow. i know it exists some skill exist. perhaps the internet paradox is just a pendulum effect between knowledge and belief there are young people who are creatively reinventing networks of qualitatively valuable knowledge but for now with our cognitive biases i need a vague or of a critical mind can protect us from the trap of the democracy of the gullible. play. the. game.

that is the spirit 30 years ago when germany was really unified in october 1900 at the time economic disparity between east and west was huge. today how have things changed for people in the tsunami the countries how have companies. made in germany. and 13 that spawn d.w.

. conflicts you don't hear a lot about it in your feast days but some more than 2 months fall feria speak about finance you corruption and government demonstrations by just this week from sophia his beliefs are sucked. minister and social clubs why does she continue to stuff and go to st judes most vulnerable feel they should have its human rights open gates. would. keep him in. every 2 seconds the person is forced to flee their home. the consequences than to sisters were documentary series displaced depicts traumatic humanitarian crises far from the world. for a good thing we don't have time to think i didn't go to university to kill people

who acted that way i mean. people feel for their lives and their future so they seek refuge abroad but what will become of us who stay behind. just placed starts october 16th on g.w. . this is day 8 of any news and these are all top stories. u.s. presidential candidate joe biden has described president donald trump's performance in law and their 1st televised debate as a national embarrassment a moderate has struggled to control trump's frequent interruptions and disregard for the allocated time the debate commission says it will change its format to ensure a more orderly discussion of the issues at the next 2 debates. so far he's

in the.