this is dean of a news line from berlin cease fire in the caucasus after fighting lates hundreds dead mania and as a vision agree to halt the conflict over the disputed region if you're going to care about each side is already accusing the other of breaking the armistice also coming up early closing in berlin bars and clubs in the german capital now have to shut their doors at 11 pm authorities are hoping to avoid a new lockdown despite rising coronavirus infection. and is it rough play or revenge we look at what's behind

a series of attacks on sailboats off the coast of spain. i'm rebecca it is welcome to the program a safe fire between mania and as a vision appears to have been short lived the 2 former soviet republics agreeing to hope their decades long conflict over the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh after talks brokered by russia but shortly after the cease fire came into effect h. side blamed the other for breaking the armistice caught in the middle are thousands of displaced civilians good move good move a new group and some of their rent child forced to take refuge in a school. and he's just one of several azerbaijani families here. lead here from nearby villages there are scaping heavy fighting near

the border of not going to carry back that tone that lives apart. in the mess we have cash in the gulf as we have children we were forced to come here but we go back and forth even if they destroy our house we will go back. to you know guy that a fight. over the border in the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh this armenian father survey's the wreckage his 2 sons have been fighting to protect this breakaway territory he blames azerbaijan for the devastation. there from us every day 15 to 20 times a day we can't leave basements all shops are closed there's nothing to eat.

one of go in or carry back is officially in azerbaijan it's controlled by ethnic amini and forces the last 2 weeks have seen the worst fighting since a war over the disputed territory ended in 1994 russia has been mediating between these 2 former soviet states in the early hours of saturday morning a cease fire was announced. the republic of john and the republican for mean you are starting substantive negotiations with the game of achieving a peaceful settlement as soon as possible. now there has to be an exchange of prisoners and the repacked relation of bodies. but for families like these cold stop in this conflict their biggest dream is for a last piece. let's bring in our moscow correspondent any show and they

both sides are accusing each other of violating this latest ceasefire but this dispute is being rumbling along for decades why is it proving so difficult to seoul . this is an ongoing conflict that has been going on since the dissolution of the soviet union and this is the worst fighting we've seen a century since the ninety's both countries this is one of many conflicts actually that is kind of rumbling along in the post soviet sphere what you have to understand is that both countries were part of the soviet union so it didn't really matter where the borders were they were part of one country it didn't matter that this ethnically armenian part or section was kind of within by john but now that the 2 countries are of course independent countries that has become an ongoing difficult conflict and this time of course the power balance has kind of been

thrown off by the involvement of turkey defending what. the president of turkey calls its brothers john people in azerbaijan are ethnically turkish and that has kind of thrown the whole balance of this conflict off making it even more difficult to resolve to of course the fighting has been taking place on russia's doorstep and yet most hesitant to get involved why is that. russia's been the traditional peace broker in this conflict and that's a complicated role because both by john and armine are close allies of russia russia considers both countries to be part of its kind of traditional sphere of influence because both countries are post soviet but russia has closer ties with armenia armenia as part of an economic union with russia part of a mutual defense pact as well but with the kremlin i think somewhat distrusts

armenia since nicole touching on the president there now came to power in street protests in 2018 that is always a reason for the kremlin to distrust people people who come to power in revolutions or protests that's something that the kremlin is not a fan of and of course turkey's involvement as i said makes this much more complicated now. and in the show and in moscow thanks very much for analysis. and it's turned to some other stories making news around the world north korea's leader kim jong un has apologized for his people's difficult lives kim was speaking at a parade in the capital pyongyang to mark the 75th anniversary of the ruling party the economy has been ravaged by the pandemic bottle thirty's have not officially reported any cases of covert 19. taiwan is also celebrating its national

day president sign wednesday has said tensions with china could be resolved if beijing changes the way it handles relations with the on and china and says taiwan is part of its sovereign territory. here in berlin hundreds of left wing activists have protested over the eviction of residents from a house that had been occupied for 3 decades the property was one of the last remaining squats in the german capital some protesters threw fire crackers and set cars on fire authorities mobilized some 1500 riot police. staying in germany rapidly rising corona virus infections have prompted action from the authorities cologne has joined at frankfurt and berlin on the list of cities where new cases have exceeded a measure bars and restaurants have to close early there's some doubt as to whether the new restrictions will prove effective. 11 pm and its poor in with rain but that doesn't stop these young people here in berlin neither

does the rise in corona virus infections in the past few weeks the police have had to clear public squares and parks people were ignoring hygiene and social distancing rules now the city is cracking down. and it is on laugh-in that since the end of the summer holidays the focus has shifted to young people who got infected during leisure activities especially in pubs people get infected because they don't keep their distance when it gets late or that you came absent that speech about. the new rules are strict no more than 5 people can gather at 11 at night private parties will be limited to 10 instead of 25 guests bars restaurants and kiosks will also have to close between 11 pm and 6 am bartender jango is frustrated.

that time is crucial for us that's when the bar is running at full swing with lots of customers around and then to say you have to leave now we're not allowed to serve you anymore is it true that's the end for us. and what happens after young people have to leave the bars at 11 o'clock well they actually go home because i was only 4 blocks not planning to go home until 11 i want to live my life and enjoy it as much as possible. quite a zinger through those who want to drink will get their drinks beforehand they get out of a. from the supermarket and drink it anyway until 5 am no matter whether the bars or clubs are open of the boss of mom because of mom's that's right of course i want to go out for dinner in the evenings and sit together after 11 but personally i want to take people with a higher infection risk into consideration i can step back. the new restrictions are set to remain in force until the end of this month but if you affections keep

rising because could be extended. let's take a look at some of the other developments in the pandemic confirmed coronavirus cases in india and nearing 7000000 there are hopes the rate of new infections is slowing. a warning that europe's 2nd wave of infections has struck well before the flu season has even started a point to widespread covert 19th attained among populations and everywhere in poland it's now become compulsory for people to wear a mask outdoors infections have also hit a new record high there. display now where a part of commonly called killer whales have been terrorizing sailors off the coast of the northern great northern region of galicia annual behavior forced regional authorities to temporarily ban recreational sailing and marine biologists and now try to understand why the intelligent mammals have started attacking it's.

like a scene out of a horror film a group of all cruise surround a sailboat off spain's atlantic coast they appear to want to play not entirely unusual. but the game turned serious one orca begins to ram the hole and attacks the rudder until the boat can hardly maneuver. there have been several such attacks since august but. it went very quickly they peered to be behind and beneath us then suddenly there was a huge bump it knocked me over and i fell onto the bench. images of the old attacks have been circulating on social media normally the highly intelligent mammals don't attack humans but this year at least 8 boats have had their riders broken on spain's atlantic coast forcing the sailors to call for help . authours he's moved quickly to bear and small sailboats from the area.

put them into the group you see that it's possible that these are extremely curious young or koos who just want to play with the boat this is their way of exploring the world. but why the spate of attacks now some experts see the orcas behavior as revenge in july fishermen attacked a group of all crews with her prudence but marine biologists say that's unlikely another theory fishermen are competing with all kinds to catch redfin cheater in the atlantic right now as their numbers reduce the stress increases marine biologist bruno dia's fears that stories about the numerous attacks could stigmatize the orca's. people who don't understand what's going on mark think the animals a bird and that could be harmful to the millions use a secure signature they will. be all crews have now moved further north and this

sailing burn has been lifted but the animals unusual behavior remains a mystery. well a year after china's state broadcaster banned the american national boss what basketball association the sport is back on the air china a state television which holds of the t.v. rights for the league game 5 of the n.b.a. finals between the l.a. lakers and the miami heat the n.b.a. is china's most popular sports league but was suspended after the manager of the houston rockets posted a pro hong kong democracy tweet last october. finally some good news for dance enthusiasm london's royal ballet has made its return to the stage after a 7 month absence of formers of britain's biggest classical dance company had been keeping in shape at home for their big comeback at the royal opera house the venue is using the return performance as

a test to see how it can get back to having live audiences. i'll leave you now with the royal ballet we'll have more news at the top of the hour thanks for watching.

in mexico many pushes cold loves us right now in the world climate change history and awful story this is my plastic waste film just one week. how much worse can it really get. we still have time to ask i'm doing. this. plus a. cold

war was an ideological war people said you know it just. not clear what system is best what system will prevail. in fact if it was shut down a long time the issue of who was more powerful economically to use was not totally clearly displayed in the west and the sputnik shock caused total panic sets for the proof. how surprising was that now it's us who are showing the west showing the americans what technical progress is taking issue from it's. done its job to see if i needed to use the military doctrine at the time was mutual assured destruction we were prepared to think at a time. really we're. just going to throw in the 1st 15 minutes of a war germany would have gone up in flames like a tool which. it had we were really scared because it could all kick

off any time someone goes crazy and bam we're in the middle of a 2 minute. the 2nd world war came to an end in europe in may $945.00 with germany's unconditional surrender the victorious powers divided the ruined country into 4 sounds a bucket patient it was supposed to be temporary but communist leader joseph stalin was in little mood for compromise with the western democracies france britain and the us. this ideological division led to the cold war a battle for dominance over the world that would last for decades and split europe into 2. nowhere was this more evident than germany or the iron curtain ran through the middle of the country and the city of berlin was divided by a wall. here and

is alone in western germany the war came to an end on. april 16th 1045 when american troops arrived. it ultimately became part of democratic west germany. but not everywhere liberated by the americans ended up free. is the version that most people could accept was to say who liberated us we were liberated by the americans and we suffered under the russian sit in that was this one thing that was the short form in other words the soviet union's contribution to liberating germany from fascism shrank to virtually nothing in the states to send then. there were similar scenes at 1st in holland as an eastern germany in late april 945 it too was taken by american troops. for 9 year old. the liberators were enemy soldiers but they were quite different

from what he had been told to expect. they entered the town in good spirits and she have any as if it were nothing special at all from the obvious because we met them looked at them stupid as it was we bravely rejected the sweets and chocolate they offered us up for what i got but that was how we have been brought up sadly the americans were soon replaced by the russians allowed by the produce holding ton of fun it wasn't. the russians came and the americans left. the allies had agreed that holland would fall into the soviet occupation zone the days of sweets and chocolates were over. for then was there some sort of new york to an arched we were afraid of the russian soldiers of one of them had assaulted our mother on her way to night school as eventually to learn russian for us

fortunately it happened near our house got so drunk i heard my mother screamed and ran down until i was only in the. 9 years old at the time i just saw the russian let go of her and disappear was a funny are pretty short and sweet on folks like to. write from the start relations between russians and germans were fraught with problems it was a different story from the western sectors the division of germany had already begun. in late july 945 stalin met with u.s. president harry truman and british prime minister winston churchill and pottstown their berlin but no longer united against a common enemy there was little they could agree on. at the meeting in point system stalin had said right from the start the germany was not to be divided but truman categorically rejected that idea in his briefcase his assistant was carrying 3 all

full models for the division of germany ok. the victors mistrusted one another. now that the struggle against nazi germany was over each wanted its own germany its own sphere of influence its own buffer against the others. germany was divided into 4 parts. french. british american. with the 2nd world war behind them disagreements between the soviets and the western allies were out in the open the soviet union had lost more than $20000000.00 people and was economically devastated stalin demanded 10000000000 dollars and access to their war industrial area and western germany stalin needed coal and he held a bargaining chip much to the. german prisoners of war. stalin had thousands of them herded through moscow even before the war was over.

but this humiliation of the losing side failed to achieve its desired. back to. this and. the mayor was silence and people just stood there and looked and there was no shouting no outbursts of rage just this total silence absolute the shtetl in its own minds that the dimensions of the tragedy on both sides were so massive stock that had to my view to you might say that people fairly quickly felt sympathy for the germans they were hungry and racket. in 1945 more than 3000000 german men were imprisoned in soviet camps many would not see their home again for many years if at all. the german prisoners were forced into reeducation. so-called and teach us schools for

anti fascist were designed to expunge the old ideology and instill communist ideals . and movements the who would know me the red army colonel tried to free us from this nazi ideology this view so that on our return to germany we would actually be educated marxists who were coming from imprisonment as friends of the soviet union and there's a sort of don't you think you function of. naziism was thoroughly discredited and communism and to fill the ideological vacuum the soviet union now controlled one half of europe and believed it was only a matter of time until it controlled the rest communist ideals had attracted many followers in the west now there were fears communists could take advantage of the postwar instability to seize power as my most leverage because i have from this the angst speak to his destiny it is important to understand i think that there was

this great beer that socialism was still a seductive ideology a field of the shit if you look east during the. 1950 s. people spoke about a domino theory and here and this fear was not unjustified after all for a long time socialism had been a fascinating idea. unlike today and back then it was often langham's as a notion of freedom if you liberation and self-determination concepts pushed him for good and. so was the soapie a triumph over nazi germany not also a triumph of communism over a need. or should an overdue even merely give up for before the war there were many people in america in france and britain who were convinced of the superiority of the soviet system he would need to dig up some had come from the united states to help build up the system to then claim the war sure would. not be saved but the most of soon to get feed benefited the soviet union in so far as

roosevelt and churchill to acknowledge that it was russia that had stopped hitler and broken his back so just be you to watch a. good deal more still ahead after reaches its gross sales as a result of respect for the soviet union had grown. a bit of a lost its good. i believe churchill's famous speech in missouri when he used the term. not the start of the cold war. we need. to reveal some sort of. what i mean there's this. rubbish becky in the baltic. in the adriatic and i are. standard across the continent. i will look at the a state of central and. all the famous it is and the

population. why. i must be. the us responded with a show of by natural might in 1947 that approved the marshall plan. officially known as the european recovery program it was designed to immunize europe against the spread of communist ideology. containments was the term president harry s. truman used to describe this investment. i believe. that it must be the policy of the united states to support people are resisting it tempted subjugation by minorities by outside pressure. the united states made $12400000000.00 available to help western europe to rebuilt. germany its defeated enemy was also given the support.

but stalin rejected american help for the soviet zone of germany and the east. instead of helping to rebuild the region he sent 70000 officials to dismantle its economy everything was taken away minerals machinery and tire factories and part of the harvest. it was the very opposite of reconstruction shortages remained widespread. in the west occupation took a different form. 1948 the deutschmark was introduced a strong currency backed by the u.s. dollar west germany began to flourish and the occupying forces began to be seen

more as friends. many u.s. citizens sent care packages for the needy over the next 10 years the 3 western zones of occupation received 10000000 consignments of food. the americans also introduced free school meals slowly people in the western occupied zones began to look ahead to the future. the currency reform saw the 3 western zones unite economically forming a tries own that was far bigger and stronger than the soviet occupied east. the 4th zone was sealed off from the others. the leadership in moscow installed loyal communist emigrants to run it. and at the top was a hardliner brushed who later built the berlin wall. and.

he expressed hopes that the communists would soon take over the western zones and rule the country from berlin. in reality berlin was divided into 4 occupations sectors and it became the very front line of the cold war in 1948 angered by the western currency reform the soviet union cut off the western zones from their land supply routes. trying to use barges and road transport church to. the autistic spectrum and promised responsible for 2 and a half 1000000 people in but let all their food and fuel for their homes and factories could no longer be brought to them over. in a spec tack. or action planes landed and took off around the clock bringing in around $2100000.00 tons of freight above all food and coal the berlin airlift as it

became known ensured the survival of west berlin within a year the communists capitulated and reopened the land routes 1949 saw the founding of the 2 german states the democratic west and the communist east the division of germany was sealed. prevail you know. but some do so if. united them and. what followed were decades of hostility between east and west as they buy for military supremacy. at 1st the americans believed they had the upper hand because they had the atomic bomb. after they were used on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki the terrifying power of these weapons was clear by the time the cold war came to an end the americans had carried out more than

a 1000 nuclear tests indeed. but in 1949 the soviet union caught up with atomic weapons of its own the nuclear arms race had begun. by 990 the soviet union had carried out more than 700 tests during the cold war a nuclear test was carried out on average every week and a half reviving old fears just for you who feel that wasn't alone off to the 2nd world war as it was when i was a child at the center of stuttgart was still in ruins in where all my relatives come from the cathedral was still standing but everything around it had been flattened so naturally we were afraid that something similar might happen again. to suit us veto those fears never went away nor did the victorious powers military barracks sprang up all over germany and the east the soviet army stationed in the

west where the americans the british and the french promised on became the us has biggest military airfield outside its own territory the ultra modern us army hospital that was built on the small town of lungs which was also its biggest outside america military training grounds were followed by housing estates and schools the western forces also had their own radio stations. allied protection didn't come cheap in the 1st year of its existence the young west german state paid half its tax revenue to the occupying armies. the occupying forces had a huge cultural impact on west germany bringing movies and magazines that cave many germans a taste of the wider world. a better world because of the profile the wires of a.p. radios broadcast the sound of a new era that is in the west. in

towns and cities in the east ruins were still visible everywhere the soviet union didn't invest it took frustration grew many people just wanted to get out some 200000 left the east in 1950 alone by the time the berlin wall was built 11 years later more than 2 and a half 1000000 had gone. east germany responded to this exodus by founding it secret police the stasi it undertook surveillance on a massive scale people lived in fear of their own government. we always put a coffee pot cozy over our telephone because we thought that was where the bug was it was only much later that we learned it had been installed. old in the ceiling but afterwards i found all the conversations we've had in our living room well documented in the stasi files we were always able to send many of our friends

a letter outlining half an evening in which they had said this and that. afterwards that was really amusing or was he doesn't doesn't look back then it wasn't as well that's not. how much me. for a short while there still appeared to be a final chance to end the division of germany and the cold war. stalin's last suggestion that germany should not be divided came in march 952 when he also proposed pan german elections and japan german government would have wanted to see you. but he said germany must not belong to any military alliance adenauer however said before we negotiate with the soviet union on this west germany must become a member of nato to do something. and that was that. reunification

became a distant dream and the cold war gathered momentum. in east germany urgently needed economic success the government demanded increased output from the workforce it invented the propaganda legend of activist odd authentic of a miner who supposedly had voluntarily exceeded his own production quota by more than 300 percent. the communists claim to represent the working class but it seemed they didn't know the workers very well they would soon find out how they really felt. on june 17th 1953 workers in east berlin revolted against dress to clay increased were quotas and went on strike many in the east heard the news from west berlin radio station and join them.

in little by little the talk because they are not really strong also in the us the mud the so for. always followed events on rios of course not poppy was a day of great excitement none of those men from him still remember my father taking my mother by the arm dancing around the apartment with her and saying over and over again mother from now on everything is going to get better. but things didn't get better. shots were fired. this day yesterday with the feelings i think untended be going to. be mostly complete enough that. i. can all the uprising on june 17th $953.00 cost $55.00 lives. west germany declared june 17th

its national day. dismissed mount became common mission you knew because up to be a best start to the freedom that it. took your post about you can talk i'm going to switch i. the escalating tensions between west and east fueled years of war. because that's also what i thought when the korean war broke out it's also what my family found we had a small business and they began to hoard not hearing about it things are now really dangerous they said another war could begin so we must make sure we are prepared for the flip of. a 1000 kilometers away in korea the superpowers faced off against each other just like in germany. korea was divided into north and south. the economically and militarily strong north was allied with the soviet

union and stalin gave his approval for it. invade the south. the lightning strike nearly succeeded but the us was soon able to drive back the invaders. the. in total the american send $1700000.00 soldiers to korea china and the soviet union supported north korea while u.s. led united nations forces fought alongside south korea. the war ended in the summer of 1953 with the 2 sides facing each other along nearly the same border line on which the war had begun. for west german chancellor connauton our there was no getting around moscow a decade after the end of the 2nd world war some $10000.00 germans were still in

present in the soviet union on an hour's goal was to bring them home the price for that was recognition of the soviet union the hated communists under control matic recognition of the soviet union by auden our was an initial step towards normalization why there was fierce resistance even from elements of the government who had accompanied him to moscow to have tied it down money but odd now or got his way because so many germans were leaving the terrible lives in russian camps after west germany recognized the soviet union the last remaining german prisoners of war were released to do george critique of. the return of the 10000 was an emotional moment for many it was only now that the war had truly come to an end. but with fears that a new conflict could break out in 1955 west germany established an army the bun

dispair. neighboring countries viewed the formation of german military units just 10 years after the end of the war with great concern. the new german army has gone off the use of. the german army was not easily accepted by people with long memories to others to back you in created by not germany you even look much like it or not the family is with us again. the bun despair was a member of nato the north atlantic treaty organization right from the start soon to military blocs would be facing each other. beast germany established its national people's army and early 1956 and it soon became a founding member of the communist military alliance the warsaw pact. that if it didn't go off in the street you can think more but i don't doubt because you cannot go. deep even and figure out how to give me and i don't mean i think that's

a good thing each action provoked a reaction each block justified it actions as a response to those of the other block. if war broke out between the superpowers it would happen in germany if the warsaw pact invaded it would probably go through the folder gap and a delicate region in the middle of west germany along the borders of the east the area quickly became highly militarized. and with tensions high the west was unprepared for perhaps the biggest shock of all sputnik when it launched this 80 kilogram satellite in 1957 the soviet union opened a new front in the cold war space. difficult to just put an extra sputnik shock utter dismay in the west since it because it

thought that those who had historically always been a bit back. especially the russians had now overtaken it gets into and. how surprising was that don there was great rejoicing he says soviets are in front now it is us who are showing the west showing the americans what technical progresses. the soviet satellites segovia every 95 minutes over 500 miles up at a speed of 18000 miles an hour when i had to done pretty unenforced don't become you realize that it meant the soviets had missiles that in a worst case scenario could carry nuclear warheads and reach other continents intercontinental out of the fraud arm. at 1st the space race looked like that between the tortoise and the hare the 1st living creature in space the 1st man the

1st woman. the 1st unmanned landing on the money those were all soviet successes. these triumphs were all sold to the people in the soviet union and its client states as victories of communism. propagandistic that you know this the propaganda was always based on a comparison you've got vast and we've got this i can do this well so what can you do actually more to the objective is not to portray something objective sleepy keaveney as a shrewd american folk singer once said to a 5 year old kid who doesn't want to sleep because even a lullaby is propaganda a particularly good look at the new widget spites. being made toward. the common people reacted with scorn no food on our spoon but a flag on the moon. nixon and khrushchev these are the

historic almost done precedented scenes from the american national exhibition in moscow. russians might have been far ahead in space but the average american household was a world apart from its counterpart in the soviet union as the 1959 american national exhibition in moscow showed. naturally the exhibition only showed how americans live communicants when he saw this kitchen with a dishwasher a refrigerator and so on which were totally normal appliances for the average american family machine nikita's they gave each christian of who wasn't a stupid person regarded it as total propaganda. a breach there was no way that could be true he said. if life in america seemed so much wealthier than in the soviet union that could only be interpreted as propaganda. to. the. captured on videotape

a new american invention the heated discussion between nixon and khrushchev became known as the kitchen debate yeah i knew if i don't know everything and i would say that you know absolutely nothing about communism nothing except fear of it you must not be afraid of ideas. even if that's what we're telling you don't be afraid of idea we have nothing to fear but time has crash when ideas era us the cold war and its very essence was an ideological war. and we forget so easily that in the 1950 s. and 1960 s. . people said you know that it's not clear what system is best what system will prevail. in 1959 on in our call for the

don't despair to take part in the planning and deployment of nuclear weapons. a concept known as nuclear sharing. these weapons frightened me because by now we'll be able to attack and in hiroshima and nagasaki because here and done us hedonism we visited various military training areas in the vicinity of hamburg can we believe that we would be able to see from the card whether any nuclear weapons were stored there or anything else and then on december 6th there was a headline in the local newspaper honest john missiles tested in baghdad hornets and i said right that's where i'm going even if i have to go alone in this year you know when he learned you. the temples staged protests against rearmament culminating in west germany 1st easter peace march in 1960. the organizers faced widespread public anger. the

rule of nation relation we went in to cure that would soon have been homeless we were soundly cuts and of course regarded as communists go back to the east they shouted. like the next day that that's. the peace movement failed to resonate with people enjoying west germany's unprecedented economic growth. this rapid economic growth was drawing people from east germany via west berlin. and the 1950 s. easterners could still travel there easily. the brain drain that resulted was a serious problem for the easts communist rulers. in the neo mess things up to much and usually come when we start of the new school year on september 1st half the class was always missing because they had left over

the summer holidays among a whole and they spending it and it's too fucked for a few to give out and leave us if it's right fix it cost him a common $1.00 say to go have a go bad even think easing the troops i didn't know they start trying to butter. hundreds and hundreds in flintstone implants as big as you can see and be did you just see flicks on me east amid the ships stationed in plugs don't need to shift so we did. on august 13th 1961 east germany closed the escape route by building a wall around west berlin. the berlin wall became. the very symbol of the cold war. it was an admission by the communists that they had to build a wall to keep their people in.

this craft who owns an absolute shock it was an absolute shock for us and with of my mother was born in a saxon in the east and still had family that has sister was married to a man in east berlin so suddenly she was in a different world she was just not there not on the boat. germans in east and west were horrified. what was going to come next. in tucker i vividly remember that day in 1961 and i found it all really frightening because i was as white as a sheet i went to my parents and said now there's going to be with us as a kid the question who had been born during wartime world where opens

a former secret and were highly sensitive to such thing and it's a lot. undone crew on your oath to your pants down american tanks then drove to checkpoint charlie to the border crossing point on tradition for live where they were faced on the other side by soviet armor on the. moon piers or beautician they were only a few meters between them is over and we waited with bated breath hoping nothing what happened to my desk would came. down. at the time there was a military doctrine of mutual assured destruction or mad for short from the east room in the english up to christmas really was crazy over a kind of if you attack me i'll strike back and then we'll both be dead and then are they going. there were enough nuclear weapons in the world to destroy our planet not once but several times over. in the near for in you know of 2 yards. but the most dangerous moment of the cold war was still to come the cuban missile

crisis in 1962 american war conason aircraft discovered that the soviet union had built missile launch sites on cuba only a few 100 kilometers from the us the missiles would be able to strike washington and numerous other major cities with ease from the caribbean island. they're going to look at if you can just pull your credit in the cuban crisis was perhaps necessary because the americans were facing a real threat from outside for the 1st time. president john f. kennedy accused the soviets of a dangerous escalation 'd. you know be the policy of this nation to regard any nuclear missile launched from cuba against any nation in the western hemisphere as an attack by the soviet union on the united states. britain could use cookies reported to. during the cuban crisis we

too were only seconds away from a nuclear war current american there goofy. that one of our submarines which had nuclear missiles on board was attacked by the americans with depth charges. in line with his orders the captain was ready to press the button and fire his missiles. could see that no secret service officer stopped him and told him to wait for a confirmation signal and vision of. what would have happened had he launched those bombs. the world seemed on the brink of nuclear war people everywhere prepared for the worst. being. that i'm. sure member of what bert the turtle just did bends because every one of us must remember to do the same thing and cover and cover just as you do in your

school as if you had. we were all terrified that a nuclear war would stunt tomorrow go to. after all there were purely psychological things that we had had to learn like hiding under our school desks the shelter even bombs started dropping outside i was really scared of things like that and some stuff would be. the cuban missile crisis was resolved because both superpowers took a step back without losing face there was a glimmer of hope that they would talk to each other to reduce the risk of nuclear war or sleuthing should use 4 fifths of the oval office because it's coakley loses it was after the cuban crisis the 2 sides set up a hotline away my class they need a new 3 way in my ear there was direct connection between the command center of the

soviet general staff and in the american situation respond they called let's use news spoke of but as a joke or new media going in that if anything happened we would inform each other if it's. president kennedy made history in 1963 the speech in west berlin. he appealed to the world to support the divided city at the heart of the cold war. it's remembered by one phrase in particular. was. proud of what. he will romana us. so all. in the world of freedom. the proud of both. being really. odd as to daintree and barely in cash because

a student in berlin i was there when john f. kennedy was a simpler team he was highly popular just like american music and the american lifestyle were also popular as specially in the 60s it's. only 2 days after kennedy's speech soviet leader nikita khrushchev visited east berlin we are in the cold war he said and i too am a berliner the us president had captured the hearts of west berliners in just one day khrushchev's visit lasted 3 days and was soon forgotten. this american rocket was designed not to launch missiles but to overtake the soviets in space in 1961 kennedy had pledged to put an american on the moon by the end of the decade up to $400000.00 people worked on the apollo project named after the greek god of light the massive effort would finally overcome the humiliation of sputnik. kennedy

would not be able to witness his country's triumph he was assassinated in 1983 the launch site was named in his honor the kennedy space center. it was the site where apollo 11 was to blast off on july 16th 1969. the moon landing 4 days later was the event of the century viewed live around the globe. in 1989 i was living investor in that hospital in the west in ireland in serious shit working in a radio and t.v. shop during the moon landing we stayed open all night in case someone stevie said he needed repairing he always fit this from nearly everyone one. west german television and so on we of course were also able to see the landing on the movie you know. i just graduated from college and was living in a small apartment i was was lying i was lying on my my bed watching neil armstrong

come down that ladder and announce you know this is one small step for man one giant leap for mankind i. know that. the 2 superpowers could now see eye to eye in space. for the 1st time human beings had seen their planet from the surface of another celestial body it was a giant leap for mankind and a brief respite in the middle of the cold war in which fear of nuclear annihilation gripped the world.

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faces d.w. new slime from birth a shaky cease fire in the caucasus as war empowers he's come to the table mania and as a vision and a greater hope the conflict over the disputed region of nagorno-karabakh that each side quickly blames the other for breaking the almost it's coming out. early closing time in birdland bars and clubs in the german capital.