and in any case who would benefit from it in order to answer that question or they can no man wants to learn a lot more about clown. this measuring device attached to a balloon uses a laser to examine individual cloud particles it's not clear that thinning out serious pounds in central europe would have an overall benefit and if the seeding was done incorrectly it might cause even more cirrus to form but perhaps this method of halting warming would be effective in the far north. in size and it would definitely make sense to seed arctic cirrus clouds especially in the winter. a limb did because we have no sunlight during the winter months so it would really just be canceling out their warming effects and yes we want to preserve the arctic sea ice of course but there are economic interests in the arctic being never good so who wins out the us given to. manipulating the

warming serious clowns who still fearing but making funded clowns rained down in order to prevent damage from hail as long green practice in germany so called hell fires like whole get macone show that weather isn't just a question of things so what's in there harder. you've got the liquid and acetone solution with 3 percent silver iodide. on the other got a pardon and a valve controlled from inside. the hind is a combustion chamber and there's an added miser now it's all where the mixture ignites. these days people across the world manipulate the weather china has a huge government agency that sends rockets into the clown's how and whether they're sold iodine works hasn't been conclusively proven it probably. creates more

ice crystals which become rain more quickly since launch scale hail damage in the area around. in 2006 there have been no more instances in the region which the joker lent to the figure that because of turbulence the plane gets pulled up towards and also pushed downwards that can cause stalling you have to make sure the structure doesn't get overloaded avoid that the clouds don't pull you into areas where you aren't in control and you have a. whole good macone flies where other pilots wouldn't he tries to spread the silver iodide into opterons that way it can rise and get distributed into the cloud from a bomb. in one sense climate is nothing but the sum of weather events to change the climate weather has to be manipulated on a large scale and permanently hellfires only owned to influence weather on

a local level. but beyond that vibration it what we're doing isn't exactly geo engineering or good it's more like protection or trying to change the material state from solid to liquid in that sense the impact on the atmosphere is relatively small relative giving but in general i don't think it's a good idea to interfere with the weather globally opiates that i could. point out . by others but the guys they're letting a genie out of the bottle and it could have its revenge if things change to the point where people can't control it anymore i don't think anyone wants to experience that. people will probably be prepared to take bigger and bigger risks as the effects of climate change while some. glaziers are melting everywhere

like the amish in the swiss alps the mountains a crumbling. village on the screen a moment you're very moving when i think of the climate and global warming i also think of all these steep mountains where rock falls and landslides going to happen i worry about the people who live there and. switzerland is one of the european countries most affected by climate change. only if you want to glacier yes you know who go to that song has been observing the on edge for a long time over the last 6 to 18 years the glazier mountain has again accelerated enormously. so melts each side of the glaciers terminus has receded 3 kilometers sense $870.00 now it loses an average of 50 or 60 meters of length a year and the police sometimes $101.00 who saw all this this size feel how many years until it's completely gone shrewdness. based on models i think in 80

years it'll be a long way so really tiny like a bit of blue isn't it make your heart bleed with us to clear when it hurts to think of a glacier like this which is huge and very beautiful and picture at man gone to the effects of. the mounting glazier isn't just an aesthetic problem the mountain where wrong most flu has started to move ringback an incredible 150000000 cubic meters of rock has become to slide. since 2012 it's happening faster and faster cracks of foam and dozens of meters deep in time mountain could come down on the glazier before humans began warming the won't the on that was about 400 meters thick a field that is 400 meters of ice gives about 30 bars of pressure so

that 30 bar pushed against the mountain because that pressure has now gone as the glaciers melted the mountain is sliding down to the glaciers terminus so it's just sliding away which tends its own unimaginable forces this is fast it's almost 2 kilometers wide and 1.3 kilometers long and then everything is moving that's unbelievably big little. red zone listens to the mountains using geophones g.p.s. devices measure the displacement while satellites observe with radar even if the great catastrophe combi stopped the swiss want to be prepared when the mountain collapses they spend 250000000 swiss francs a year on securing them on tins this is only. in the wall for us as specialist what's happening is extremely striking because you rarely see it all it's unbelievable that new fractures are occurring not only in existing weak areas

but also right across the ghanaian the hard sell in. nature is telling us something saying don't turn the heat up any more right right like we're being shown how it will be if we keep on like this yeah it's a process of. getting the genie back into the bottle here is no easy thing in peru researches are asking how the oceans might help us avert a climate catastrophe that would turn a so i in the ocean is such a fascinating. and beautiful habitat impacts on this is i worry that my grandchildren won't be able to experience it and its beauty in all its richness and for that i live. for marine research or of reprisal the plan isn't to cool by reducing some might not to mitigate the greenhouse effect itself. he wants to influence the oceans in such

a way that they absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and so reduce the very thing that causes temperatures to rise. isn't a good guy so do you do it wisest i'm excited about the idea solicited so many people it might sound a bit like playing my god let's but after all we change so much on land. deviates were wildly active and don't think twice about land clearing here or creating another manmade ecosystem their system of power but when it comes to the sea we find it hard to say why we shouldn't make sensible changes for those. the oceans are already a gigantic c o 2 reservoir 50 times larger than the atmosphere they already absorb a quarter of our greenhouse gases is that the limits of the oceans potential or is

it possible to make them do a little more. rivers al had sun international research group of 60 scientists and technicians they want to understand how climate change is affecting the special current system off peru. that. does best of us the best thing we can do now is to really tap these options and not wait any longer because in 10 years we're going to have to start and. blowing them in 10 years we'll have to begin climate engineering measuring these so-called negative emission technologies somehow getting c o 2 from the atmosphere and storing it somewhere else otherwise we're not going to achieve the climate target set in paris because technically much you don't have much. idea is to want to officially create a system like the natural one caused by the home bolt current off peru which

ensures rich algae growth fish and other marine animals benefit to us long government it's an incredibly productive system here nutrient rich water from the depths is brought up through what's called upwelling that creates a lot of fido plankton growth leading to a very efficient food chain the boat. could be replicated as a kind of global and conditioning system to access the deep water hoses up to 100 meters long would be lowered into the scene. the cold nutrition rich want to have would be pumped up points floating wind turbines could provide the required energy . when it reaches the surface the deep water would cool riyadh but above all it would fertilize the opera layout of want to climb tone would begin to ground absorbing c o 2 from the ass and when it dined it would take the greenhouse gas with it into

the dams. there's already a lot of upwelling here but the question is could we do it in regions that are completely unproductive today we call them oceanic deserts they're not dry but they're nutrient so nothing grows they make up a good 50 percent of the oceans these so-called deserts. the idea we're looking into is this if you artificially create upwelling there you could absorb more c o 2 and you could also boost the fishing yield. there would have to be thousands of these systems in the us. to make a real difference. in limas military force or free bazaar shows us his experimental san tops the aim of his research is to better understand marine food chains.

because the floating racks mizo calls on. this is what artificial systems for the op whiling of deepwater would look like. such an assured us market technically speaking it's possible the question is whether we want to do it the potential of the oceans is huge the supply of nutrients in the ocean depths is virtually an exhaustible not so on our ship. or free visible hopes that a significant portion of human made greenhouse gases could be absorbed into the oceans in this way his experiments have already yielded an important finding in order to absorb more c o 2 than is transported upwards from the deep water and the pumps and the hose systems should be repeatedly switched on and off this technique would achieve a 4 fold increase in the c o 2 uptake of the oceans in these areas as a positive sign to fact fish populations would also be stimulated. but

nothing stays on the seabed forever it would be a case of buying time time we desperately need so far governments have until gauged with the topic of jr engineering there are important questions to be answered like who would decide what measures to pursue who would pay is the un the right institution so what i'm worried about is that my granddaughter who is just 2 months old she will live to the end of the century and i don't want her to live in a world where somebody else decides to spray into the stratosphere income. the planet without asking her. passion or lives on like geneva he was the right hand man to u.n. secretary general ban ki moon now he had some nongovernmental initiative to increase the political awareness of geo engineering. scientific technical engineering issues related to these new technologies are sometimes quite

challenging but the governance issues are even more challenging this is part of the culture of managing climate risks that we have to think about we need options probably and we need more and we need them sooner because we are going from. individual nations manipulated solar radiation on their own yet lost passion or fear is that it could unbalance the climate in other countries. what is a plausible scenario is that a country that is baby badly affected by climate change for example a group of small island countries will fix if they decide to do it and solar radiation modification is at least a direct costs scientists tell us it's not that expensive so as

a medium sized country could do it and wealthy individual could do it to save the world that could be done by a major nation today yes. which brings in problems right of course but but that's true of all sorts of things so there are lots of things in this world that could be done you know utterly today that are down there but you're going to look people see them and i and say the u.s. government you know will do this unilaterally but it will be fair it's a whole world you know i don't i don't think that that's i don't think that's us that's a realistic scenario doesn't edits and then able to take advantage of the weather is something that of course gives the nation an advantage if they can do it she stayed as. i think it's already being done today because the moment you see 2 outs to make it rain then the water that must have been bound for a neighboring country is gone up by one call you have a company that can let them go you know in the same way that arms dealers go around the world and say oh well if you want to if you want to be safe you know buyer technology. such unilateral efforts could jeopardize the

climate of a neighboring country although the intergovernmental panel on climate change has warned of the risks it doesn't rule out geo engineering as a last result which is something the intergovernmental panel on climate change says must happen in order to prevent global temperatures from rising century after century. all c o 2 that humanity has released into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels has to be removed. we've come to iceland to find out how. in iceland's largest geothermal power plant it's already being achieved on a smaller scale. what i'm most afraid of off when it comes to climate change is not we will have a larger local refugee problem that it will turn nations against each other this is

class was from crime wax tests it's technology it's like a vacuum with circuit in here they see you know to this sort of sticks to our surface of a specific chemical it's in the ceiling that they're on the. and then we get the c o 23 air out on this side. so it all comes through here and it lowers it from $400.00 parts per $1000000.00 to $2.00 to less than $100.00 to less than $100.00 yeah. that's really how i mean the concentration of c o 2 is a very little in the air. but still to our yeah it's not a little woods which makes their cut you're. a bigger technological challenge than cuts in c o 2 from point sources. c o 2 filters all work in a similar why there's nothing new about crime watch technology the chemical processor some based on derivatives of ammonia combined with c

o 2 when the i mean math stuff full day heated then they release the cme too for final storage the process is repeated found hundreds of times but the method called carbon capture is very energy intensive each time not c o 2 filtered from the air. 2 and a half 1000 kilometer hours of energy a huge amount so it only makes sense in places with lots of excess renewable energy all waste heat like here in iceland with its infinite geothermal energy. can you imagine on earth where we have hundreds of thousands of these machines yeah i can assure you that i can yeah. i can i can imagine such a world where we start to think only locate those new methods we had we have the favorable theological conditions but of course the c.r.c.

test to make sense of course but i mean i guess we have to we have to thank big and we have to act big if we are to be successful and then make it important to. botch one beachy each ton of c o 2 filtered by climb walks costs about $500.00 euro and walk then why do we push it the researchers in iceland have found a spectacular with a cop fix experiments the 1st step is to do solve the c o 2 and won't water like soda so we inject down to kilometer to 2 kilometers. on top of the aft so it's 800 meter of ground water. meaning what we have very high pressure much higher pressure than in here needed to keep everything this salt into there more or less there's a there's a lid on top of. this case here and then we have the

the very exciting chemistry happening as well because what it quickly the c o 2 interacts with the purcell fights so in less than 2 years it's turned into a new type of rock and you know once it's rock it's just a rock it's not going anywhere. contains long so of calcium magnesium and i am these minerals reacts with the greenhouse gas theoretical sort of capacity of softs on earth are the a minimum an order of magnitude larger than c o 2 that we would emit if we would were all fossil fuel available. which we hope will never happen so far just 12000 tons of c o 2 power yeah are buried here. to make a difference the number would have to be in the billions concern for the state of the art wants driving scientists and conservationists like chris tompkins.

but her approach to preserving the beauty of nature could hardly be more different she wants swathes of nature to be restored as much as possible to the way they were before human intervention. so when we bought this ranch. all of the knuckle were forced into the high grounds because this was all used for grazing lifestyle. so this was a big fight. between ranchers and conservationists and still is in argentina. that. ranchers see one of his competitors and they want to get rid of you everywhere around the world there's this inherent conflict between conservation so. i would have friends almost everywhere really. the

patagonia park sherm's want challenges have to be overcome to turn back the clock and save what could still be say. 600 kilometers of fences had to be removed 30000 sheep solved roads dismantled and trees planted. it took more than 10 years just for the grasses to return. bringing back negative animals has proven to be difficult and. there's now been success with the endangered and ian deer humus are also back. after species have to be bred back into the area. here on the argentinian border of the park but $1000.00 of only to south america are being raised. nando's. they had

completely disappeared from this area. to the creatures are flightless their fathers other am only to warm them through the chilly patagonian winter. $6900.00 s. have already been released into the wild the plan is for a population of $100.00 it requires huge effort to retrieve what was once lost. the impacts of climate change the loss of top predators and how that is a cascading effect over all habitat and how it affects human well being as well all those things. it's not something that's going to happen in the future it's happening now you know a lot of people don't believe that's true but they're not believing it doesn't make

it he's less true are we going to survive if you look at that process we've been through to the earth the damage i don't think that's the question i think that's a very anthropocentric question are we going to survive i don't think all of us will why is that why are we doing this. as the question and all the answers at the moment anyway lead me to sink that where willing to risk everything so that we can have a 2nd refrigerator. you know and that's why people young people and old people are in the streets. because how dare you as correct that says. and chris tomkins herself has no exemption

if the younger generation isn't to end up being forced into using geo engineering then climate protection efforts must increase dramatically. and yet the very prospect of technical solutions could stine me after. c o 2 emissions it's a certainty that some people who want to fight against emissions cuts like recoil or fall for rich nations maybe exploit the work we're doing exaggerating how well this works falsely true in a with lies and claim that we don't need to cut emissions that's of course complete nonsense we do have to cut emissions but i don't think the fact that people will put it we support this a little bit is a reason that we should you know hear no evil see no evil and cry and pretend there's nothing here. that the whole family and i haven't given up hope that will turn things around in time then is the end if we do i think it

would be responsible to do some geo engineering for a time all just to flatten this peak of the warming a little bit so if it does never albums peak at us up i'd say temporary solar radiation management and because removing c o 2 from the atmosphere will have to be done over a long time as all the sea a to leave a message has to be taken out of the atmosphere would one of the deals geo engineering the terms geo engineering is a misnomer it will never understand it in terms of going in there like engineers has to feel our way and learn as we go and will have to be able to stop at any time without it coming back to bite us all still that's a basic that's why aren't faucets i only consider such measures if we know for sure we can stop without negative consequences were done entirely suga helped in the trust's it was actually. the science is an ambiguous existing measures on to not to keep the. i'm stable so it's probably only a matter of time until radical geo engineering comes into play harlow we

are in the next few years and it's really sort of tipping point on how things are going mines are not good we are ready to drastically change. our way of living on lithium with the museum has. put a lot of effort into movies i don't think that are available but we need to apply that to a huge scale and if we do that that we are so we will be successful because. to destroy beauty to to destroy wholeness. will come around. to a contest which is the 1st step up and it's going to change. the breakdown of social structure system and so. on and there is a hole in the system in the good stuff. that's going on and that's in the end

if we're paying attention we should start swinging back the other direction. change on their. own last time final to communist east germany was bullied into 1919 or. chance to move to the underdog. it was a great opportunity to use to shoot slot professional in the soon to be. in germany . the.

confrontation between china and taiwan the superpower is threatening to invade its neighbor. how serious is it how is china justifying its claims. de w.'s richard walker analyzes the causes and dangers of the conflict in taiwan china's next target. in 90 minutes on d w. this is some the story of a stubborn rice farmer from thailand. his problem tests. his credo no chemical. step. out.

the students on the. training successful. duck. starts october 15th w. this is deja vu news and these are our top stories the white house doctor says u.s. president donald trump has tested negative for covert 90 non's consecutive days he did not say when exactly the president was tested it comes as trump travel to florida to hold his 1st campaign rally since becoming infected with the coronavirus . the u.s. senate has opened hearings into the confirmation of any kone barretts to the u.s. supreme court republicans out.